Risk Of Divorce Research Articles

Does coparenting improve during the OurRelationship program? Explorations within a low-income sample during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Low-income couples are at an increased risk for relationship instability and divorce, which can have residual impacts on coparenting between the two partners. Growing evidence suggests that brief online relationship education programs can be an effective tool for alleviating relationship distress among low-income couples. However, findings remain mixed when it comes to whether benefits from relationship-focused programs not explicitly addressing coparenting spillover to coparenting among those with children. This preregistered study sought to investigate whether couples participating in an evidence-based online relationship-focused intervention, the OurRelationship program, experienced improvements in coparenting during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To expand on the existing literature, coparenting outcomes assessed included partners' gatekeeping behaviors in addition to coparenting satisfaction, given their important implications for partner involvement in parenting. We also examined the extent to which changes in coparenting were moderated by pre-post gains in relationship satisfaction, child gender, division of childcare, and pandemic disruptions. In a sample of 136 low-income couples (N = 272 individuals) and a one-group/pre-post design, we found medium-sized gains in relationship satisfaction (Cohen's d = .76) and small-sized improvements in all coparenting aspects assessed (|d|s = .29-.39). Couples with greater gains in relationship satisfaction experienced greater improvements in coparenting; further, coparenting changes were robust to other moderators. Taken together, findings suggested that brief online relationship education programs, such as the OurRelationship program, may be a promising option to improve coparenting among relationally distressed low-income couples with children during a global health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Leveraging FinTech partnerships to develop niche markets for growth

Mobile apps and flashy websites are not enough for banks to retain relevance in an age of increasing personalisation of the digital customer experience. To build the innovations required for ongoing growth, banks should look beyond their local market to opportunities presented by a boundless digital age. In 2020, Iroquois Federal set out to grow its customer base and revenues by targeting a very specific audience — individuals who have recently married, will soon marry or who are in a committed relationship. Although the landscape is rife with digital tools for niche markets, Iroquois Federal identified a unique opportunity to tailor services and benefits to this underdeveloped audience segment. The largest group of consumers soon to wed are young, and many lack financial education. Studies show that 92 per cent of Millennials want to improve their money management skills and newly-weds whose financial literacy lags are at a vastly higher risk of divorce. To support and engage these customers while expanding its revenues, Iroquois Federal partnered with a FinTech service provider to launch Hitched, a financial planning app. With thousands of customers already signed up, Hitched is proving that niche digital markets can provide valuable outcomes for consumers and for banks willing to innovate in order to reach new heights.

Same-sex Marriage Over 26 Years: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Rural and Urban Norway

The trends in marriage and divorce among male and female same-sex couples in urban and rural Norway were compared to different-sex marriages. Norway legalized same-sex living in 1993 and marriage in 2009. Cohorts from 1993 to 2018 were included. The 2009 gender-neutral marriage law appears to have had minimal impact on the rate of same-sex unions and divorces. Moreover, divorce risks are highest in female same-sex marriages, whereas male same-sex marriages have the same divorce risk levels as different-sex marriages. The divorce risk is declining for same-sex marriages in urban areas, while the opposite is observed in rural areas.

A Prospective Cohort Study of Presenteeism and Increased Risk of Divorce Among Japanese Workers.

We examined the association between the presenteeism and the risk of divorce among Japanese workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A prospective study of 27,036 individuals was conducted starting in December 2020, with 18,560 (68.7%) participating in the follow-up in December 2021. The Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun) was used to measure the degree of work function impairment. Compared with the group with the lowest WFun score, the odds ratio for the group with moderate WFun was 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.82; P = 0.525), and the odds ratio for the group with the highest WFun was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 2.62; P = 0.006). This study suggests that supporting workers with presenteeism has important implications not only from the perspective of labor productivity in management but also for the individual's quality of life in terms of family relationships.

Parental decisions to divorce and have additional children among families with children with cerebral palsy: Evidence from Swedish longitudinal and administrative data.

This study analyzes the relationship of having a child with the early‐onset disability cerebral palsy (CP) and the parental decision to divorce and to have additional children. We use longitudinal matched case‐control data from multiple linked Swedish National Population Registers between 2001 and 2015 and perform Cox proportional hazards regressions with interval‐censoring. Although we do not find a general excess parental divorce risk on CP relative to the comparison group without CP, we find that having a child with CP increases the risk of divorce for parents with low education. We also find that having a child with CP reduces the likelihood of having additional children, especially for mothers in the older age range (maternal age at delivery >33 years) and parents with low education. The severity level of the disability, as indicated by gross motor function, is not related to the results. These findings should be understood in the Swedish context, which provides extensive welfare support (e.g., personal assistance). If future studies would find adverse results in countries with less social care and benefits, our results may indicate that it is possible to mitigate negative consequences for the family of a child with disability.

The Hold me Tight Program for Couples Facing Huntington's Disease.

A positive predictive genetic test for Huntington's disease (HD) can be a life-changing event for both carriers and their partners, leading to lower wellbeing and increasing the risk for separation and divorce. The 'Hold me Tight' program (HmT), based on emotionally focused couples' therapy, aims at strengthening the couple bond by targeting attachment needs. This study investigates whether the HmT program helps couples strengthen their relationship, as an investment in a future where the disease will affect life in many ways. In a multiple baseline design using three baselines of varying length, 15 couples of presymptomatic HD-carriers and their partners were included. In three consecutive groups, couples underwent the intervention (an adapted version of the 8-session HmT program) in four weekly sessions and completed self-report questionnaires throughout the study period of 19 weeks (17 measurements). Attachment style was assessed at baseline, resilience at baseline and at the end of the follow-up, while relationship satisfaction and wellbeing were measured weekly. A multi-level model was applied to the data. Over the course of the study, wellbeing and relationship satisfaction significantly improved; resilience, however, did not. Furthermore, all three outcome measures were moderated by attachment style, with more securely attached individuals showing better outcomes. HmT improved wellbeing and relationship satisfaction of couples facing HD. Due to these improvements and high patient acceptability rates, this program could become a standardized procedure in HD care. The program could be adapted for other populations, e.g., couples facing other genetic neurological disorders.

Alcohol use disorder, psychiatric comorbidities, marriage and divorce in a high-risk sample.

To examine associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD), its psychiatric comorbidities, and their interactions, with marital outcomes in a diverse high-risk, genetically informative sample. Participants included European ancestry (EA; n = 4,045) and African ancestry (AA; n = 1,550) individuals from the multigenerational Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample (56% female, Mage ∼ 41 years). Outcomes were lifetime marriage and divorce. Predictors included lifetime AUD, an alcohol problems polygenic score (PRS), and AUD comorbidities, including conduct or antisocial personality disorder (ASP), cannabis dependence/abuse (CAN), frequent tobacco use (TOB), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Mixed effect Cox models and generalized linear mixed effects models were fit. Among EA participants, those with AUD and CAN were less likely to marry (hazard ratios [HRs] 0.70-0.83, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, those with AUD and TOB were less likely to marry (HRs 0.66-0.82, ps < 0.05) and those with MDD were more likely to marry (HR = 1.34, ps < 0.01). Among EA participants, AUD, CAN, TOB, and MDD were associated with higher odds of divorce (odds ratios [ORs] 1.59-2.21, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, no predictors were significantly associated with divorce. Significant random effects indicated genetic and environmental influences on marriage, but only environmental factors on divorce. In a high-risk sample, AUD was associated with reduced likelihood of marriage in EA and AA individuals and increased risk of divorce in EA individuals. These associations were largely independent of comorbidities. Genetic and environmental background factors contributed to marriage, while only environmental background factors contributed to divorce. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The Graying of Divorce: A Half Century of Change.

We traced the historical arc of the rise in gray divorce (i.e., divorce that occurs among adults aged 50 and older) in the United States since 1970, elucidating unique patterns for middle-aged (aged 50-64) versus older (aged 65 and older) adults. Data from the 1970, 1980, and 1990 U.S. Vital Statistics Reports and the 2010 and 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) were used to chart the trends in gray divorce over the past half century. Drawing on the 2019 ACS, we estimated gray divorce rates across sociodemographic subgroups for today's middle-aged and older adults. We pooled the 2010 (N = 757,835) and 2019 (N = 892,714) ACS data to assess whether divorce risks are shifting for middle-aged versus older adults. The gray divorce rate was low and grew only modestly between 1970 and 1990 before doubling by 2010. Since 2010, the rate has decreased slightly (but the decrease is not statistically significant). The gray divorce rate has stagnated among middle-aged adults but continues to climb among older adults. Our study illustrates the graying of divorce over the past half century. Nowadays, 36% of U.S. adults getting divorced are aged 50 or older. The only age group with an increasing divorce rate is adults aged 65 and older, raising new questions about how they will navigate old age.

Children and marital dissolution in China

Using data for women from the 2010, 2012 and 2014 Chinese Family Panel Studies, this study investigated several aspects of children’s effects on the risk of marital dissolution, including the number of children, their age and sex composition, and the timing of conception relative to marriage. Because these explanatory variables are potentially endogenous, marital dissolution was jointly modelled with the processes of marriage formation, marital childbearing and nonmarital childbearing, and the sequencing of events and unobserved correlation across processes accounted for. The results demonstrated that childlessness significantly elevates the risk of divorce whereas the first child has the strongest marriage stabilising effect. Reflecting the strong son preference in rural China, having boys was shown to markedly reduce the risk of parental divorce among rural women. Whether a child is conceived within or out of wedlock has no significant causal effect on marital dissolution insofar as it belongs to both parents. However, positive residual correlation between the processes of divorce and nonmarital childbearing suggests the potential selection of women with non-traditional family behaviours into marital dissolution.

Understanding Divorce Trends and Risks: The Case of Norway 1886–2018

Divorces have become common, but reliable longer-run historical data with several years of follow-up are scarce. This study investigates divorce trends and divorce risk based on prospective data for all Norwegian different-sex marriages formed from 1886–2018, with yearly follow-up continuing until 60 years after the wedding (N = 2.7 million). First marriages and remarriages are investigated separately, as are marriages in rural and urban areas. The results indicate a general decline in divorce risk, but not in rural areas. The previously suggested impacts of age-at-marriage and remarriage on divorce risk are questioned.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERKAWINAN USIA DINI DI KECAMATAN SUKADANA

Early marriage is marriage in adolescent under the age of 19 who should not be ready to carry out marriage. Problems with early marriages also occur in Sukadana District. During the period of 2020, there were 283 early marriages. Early marriage can pose risks for both teenagers who marry early, children to be born, and have a risk of divorce. This study aims to determine the factors that influence early marriage in Sukadana District, East Lampung Regency in 2020. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross sectional design. The sample set is 166 respondents with simple random sampling technique. The instruments used are structured questionnaires and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression test using SPSS version 20.0. Variables related to early marriage in this study were education level (p=0.004, RP=0.796), parents' occupation (p=0.000, RP=0.237), family income (p=0.001, RP=3.957), and level of knowledge (p=0.000, RP=9.913). While the factors that are not related to early marriage are culture (p=0.710, RP=1.373) and the role of peers (p=0.163, RP=0.604). Early marriage is one of the threats to the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target. To overcome this, it is necessary to have cooperation from various parties to seek to prevent an increase in the incidence of early marriage as a preventive effort to reduce the disturbances and risks that can occur. due to early marriage.

Linked Lives: Does Disability and Marital Quality Influence Risk of Marital Dissolution among Older Couples?

Using fourteen waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal panel survey with respondents in the United States, this research explores whether marital quality—as measured by reports of enjoyment of time together—influences risk of divorce or separation when either spouse acquires basic care disability. Discrete-time event history models with multiple competing events were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Respondents were followed until they experienced the focal event (i.e., divorce or separation) or right-hand censoring (i.e., a competing event or were still married at the end of observation). Disability among wives was predictive of divorce/separation in the main effects model. Low levels of marital quality (i.e., enjoy time together) were associated with marital dissolution. An interaction between marital quality and disability yielded a significant association among couples where at least one spouse acquired basic care disability. For couples who acquired disability, those who reported low enjoyment were more likely to divorce/separate than those with high enjoyment; however, the group with the highest predicted probability were couples with low enjoyment, but no acquired disability.

Socioeconomic consequences of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries: a Danish nationwide register-based study.

A nationwide population-based register study. To investigate the socioeconomic consequences of traumatic (tSCI) and non-traumatic (ntSCI) spinal cord injuries (SCI) in relation to health care costs, risk of job loss, and divorce. Denmark. All survivors admitted for specialized SCI rehabilitation from 2008 to 2018 were included (n = 1751), together with their relatives (n = 3084). Control groups for the SCI group (n = 8139) and their relatives (n = 15,921) were identified. Data on socioeconomics up to 2 years before and up to 4 years after the injury year were included. Survivors of tSCI and ntSCI had significantly increased health care costs 2 years before injury compared to their controls, and increased health care cost was maintained 4 years after the injury (all p values < 0.0001). The SCI group had significantly increased risk of job loss (OR = 9.26; 95% CI: 7.70-11.15) and higher risk of divorce (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.08-1.87) the 3 following years after injury compared to controls, but risk of divorce was only significant for the ntSCI group (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.09-2.29). No significant differences on health care cost and job loss between the group of relatives of SCI survivors and their controls were found, except for the relatives (n = 1604) of SCI survivors <18 years old, where a higher risk of job loss was found (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 0.97-2.1). These results emphasize that socioeconomic consequences for survivors of both tSCI and ntSCI are pervasive and long-lasting.

Effects of Emotionally-focused Couples Therapy on the Marital Intimacy and Harmony of Maladjusted Couples in Behbahan, Iran

Background: Dissatisfaction with marital relations and an emotional breach between couples increase the risk of divorce. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of emotionally-focused couples therapy on the marital intimacy and harmony of maladjusted couples in Behbahan, Iran. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The sample population included the maladjusted couples vising the counseling centers in Behbahan in 2020. Via convenience sampling, 30 couples were selected and randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control (n = 15 couples per group). Data were collected using the personal assessment of intimacy in relationships and the Marital Harmony Questionnaire. The experimental group received nine sessions of emotionally-focused couples therapy (90-minute sessions, twice a week), and the control group received no intervention. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 25. Results: The mean posttest scores of marital intimacy and harmony were 115.63 ± 10.22 and 31.66 ± 2.21 in the experimental group and 91.39 ± 9.04 and 22.93 ± 2.19 in the control group, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of marital intimacy and harmony (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, emotionally-focused couples therapy significantly enhanced marital intimacy and harmony in the experimental group. Conclusions: According to the results, emotionally-focused couples therapy could effectively improve the marital indicators of the maladjusted couples (intimacy and harmony).

Canadian Career Firefighters' Mental Health Impacts and Priorities.

Firefighters’ perceptions of mental health can inform management. This qualitative study explored Canadian career firefighters’ experiences, needs, and research priorities with respect to mental health. Thirty-nine career firefighters (33 men, 6 women) of different ranks and geographic locales were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis within an interpretive description approach. Firefighters reported that critical incidents and chronic job stressors contributed to mental health symptoms that led to burnout, compassion fatigue, and mental and physical injury. They were concerned with family impacts, like lack of full openness, reduced financial stability, and risk of divorce; and work impacts, like interpersonal conflict, lack of support to fellow firefighters, task avoidance, and absenteeism. A broad array of barriers and facilitators were found in firefighter work, culture, programs, social supports, health care, and societal factors. Variability in access to help, the changing fire service, and the complexity of knowing what to do to achieve mental health were evident across themes. Firefighters identified the need for research in four areas: awareness and monitoring, understanding etiology of mental health, better prevention and treatment, and access to care. Across domains of inquiry, context, “two sides to the coin”, and uncertainty were overarching themes.

Is Parental Divorce Homogamy Associated With a Higher Risk of Separation From Cohabitation and Marriage?

Numerous studies have shown that parental divorce is associated with an increase in adult children's divorce risk. We extend this literature by assessing how parental divorce on both sides of a couple is related to their partnership dynamics, specifically, whether there is parental divorce homogamy and whether a history of parental divorce for both partners is associated with increased dissolution risks for cohabiting and married unions. We use Finnish Census Panel data on 28,021 cohabiting and marital partnerships to conduct event-history models that follow individuals between ages 18 and 45. Findings show substantial parental divorce homogamy. Children with experience of parental divorce have 13% greater odds of cohabiting with and 17% greater odds of marrying a fellow child of divorcees, compared with those whose parents have not divorced. Moreover, contrary to evidence from the United States and Norway, our findings for Finland support an additive-rather than multiplicative-association between parental divorce homogamy and union dissolution. Parental divorce homogamy increases offspring's union dissolution risk by 20% for cohabitation and 70% for marriage, compared with couples for whom neither partner's parents are divorced. In Finland, the sizes of these associations are notably weaker than in the United States and Norway, likely because cohabitation and separation are more widespread and socially accepted in Finland, and an expansive welfare state buffers the socioeconomic consequences of divorce.

Is Premarital Guidance Important To Divorce

Divorce in Christian families is seen as a wrong decision and against God's will. Although there are some views from church leaders worldwide regarding divorce, divorce in Christian marriages is not justified. However, based on data from the Indonesian statistical center, divorce cases in Indonesia from 2011 to 2016 have increased significantly. Looking at the facts of divorce cases and the factors that cause divorce, the church has made eftriedrcome or reduced the risk of divorce in Christian marriages. One form of this effort to overcome divorce is to provide premarital guidance for Christian couples who want to deci married. To marrythor will describe the importance of premarital guidance so that from this nation it can help the church to understand the importance of premarital guidance better and carry it out with sincerity and for prospective partners better to understand their respective duties and responsibilities before God so that when conflicts occur in their domestic life, they were able to cope without divorce.

Slábne v ČR mezigenerační přenos rozvodu?

This study investigates changes in the effect of parental divorce on the odds of union dissolution in children in the Czech Republic. Using survival analysis and Czech GGS data, it shows that the intergeneration transmission of divorce varied over marital cohorts to a significant degree. While parental divorce had insignificant effect in the oldest marriage cohort, it subsequently grew. In the 1980&#8211;1989 marriage cohort, the risk of divorce was 3.7 times higher among children of divorced parents than among children whose parents did not divorce. In the most recent marriage cohort (1990&#8211;2005), the parental divorce effect weakened but was still significant: children of divorced parents experienced a divorce risk that was twice as high that of children from intact families. This convergence of divorce risks resulted from two parallel trends: the rising divorce risk among children from non-divorced families and the declining divorce risk among children of divorce.

The Determinants of the Value of Mahr in Muslim Societies: Evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys

This paper aims to analyze the factors that determine the value of mahr in Muslim societies. The analysis is based on an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with pooled cross-section data from the last three waves of the Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS). The main finding is that socioeconomic status in the forms of groom’s ownership of assets and education level matters most for the value of mahr. This finding holds for regression with full sample as well as subsamples, i.e. couples whose groom is Javanese, couples whose groom is non-Javanese, couples whose bride is Javanese and couples whose bride is non-Javanese. Socioeconomic status in the form of bride’s education level also matters for the value of mahr with some exceptions. The other finding is that perceived risk of divorce as represented by differences in the socioeconomic status of a marrying couple do not have a significant effect on the value of mahr. The effect of physical appearances in the form of bride’s height is at best not robust and subject to the sample or subsample included. These findings can be useful as a reference to make marriage decisions in the future or to evaluate the ongoing practices for possible reforms.

A Preliminary Meta-analysis of the Big Five Personality Traits’ Effect on Marital Separation

ABSTRACT In line with social exchange theory, the Big Five traits are hypothesized to affect marital stability. We performed a meta-analysis, which restricted the study selection to title searches and broad-scale Big Five trait effects. In total, 51 study effects were incorporated into the analysis (N = 25,153). The findings showed that neurotic, extraverted, and open individuals experience a higher risk of divorce, whereas conscientious individuals run less of a risk. However, the size of the personality effect was small for neuroticism and very small for the other three traits. No gender differences were detected, but measuring personality after divorce did appear to moderate the results. Although not directly tested, the findings of this research indicate that social exchange theory can successfully explain the predictive capability of the Big Five personality traits with regard to marital instability.