Risk Of Divorce Research Articles

Sompa Tanah in Makassar Bugis Customary Marriages: Legal, Religious, and Cultural Perspectives

The submission of dowry in the form of land (Sompa Tanah), as practiced by the Bugis community in Bone, reflects the flexibility of local mechanisms in addressing real-world challenges based on the ideal values of tradition. This study is important in the broader discourse on dowry, which often highlights cultural legitimacy in perpetuating violence and the subordination of women. The provision of Sompa Tanah in Bugis society serves as a cultural, legal, and religious mechanism to establish legal certainty regarding rights and obligations in marital relations. This descriptive qualitative research draws on observation and interview data, which are then analyzed contextually to understand their relevance to social management within the community. The findings indicate that Sompa Tanah functions as a legal mechanism that not only regulates rights and obligations in marriage but also provides legal certainty within the marital bond. The legal security afforded to women serves as a safeguard for their rights as wives and mothers within a patriarchal society. As a legal mechanism, Sompa Tanah ensures social order and gains customary and cultural legitimacy, which strengthens the position of women in the Bugis social structure. Additionally, marriage, as a social bond, carries the risk of divorce, which is also legally acknowledged. Consequently, this paper recommends further comparative studies to explore the practice of Sompa Tanah across different regions to gain more comprehensive and in-depth knowledge.

Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce in Sweden, 1920-2015.

Many studies demonstrate an intergenerational transmission of divorce with a focus primarily on more recent decades; however, the extent to which this relationship is deeply rooted or has changed over time remains unclear. Explanations, including sociodemographic and interpersonal factors, have been offered as links between parental divorce and the stability of offspring's marriage. We use individual-level longitudinal data from the Scanian Economic-Demographic Database to estimate the intergenerational transmission of divorce among first marriages in Sweden over the period 1920-2015. Our investigation focuses on the correlation between parental divorce and offspring's divorce during the transition from a low- to a high-divorce regime. Findings reveal surprising stability in the transmission despite fundamental societal change over the years. Notably, the risk of divorce is highest when either the wife or both spouses have experienced parental divorce. Moreover, the transmission of divorce across time appears to be stronger and more stable for women than for men. These results suggest the intergenerational transmission of divorce is part of the divorce transition and highlight the role of women's independence in this intricate but not yet fully understood process.

Divorce Among Surgeons and Other Physicians in the United States.

To compare divorce prevalence among surgeons with that of non-surgeon physicians. The demanding nature of a career in surgery uniquely challenges the social wellbeing of a surgeon; however, its impact on marital health has not yet been well described. A cross-sectional study was conducted using publicly available U.S. Census data from 2017-2021 to investigate prevalence of divorce across different occupations. Survey respondents were divided into two groups, surgeons and non-surgeon physicians, with the remaining Census participants as a control. All participants under the age of 18 were excluded to focus on the U.S. adult population. Lifetime prevalence of divorce was measured across occupations and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with divorce. Secondarily, the occurrence of more than one marriage was used to supplement understanding of marital health. A total of 3,171 surgeons and 51,660 non-surgeon physicians were identified, with both groups similarly aged (51.6 and 50.2y, respectively) and predominately male (82.9% and 61.9%, respectively). In unadjusted analysis, 21.3% (676/3,171) of surgeons had undergone a divorce compared to only 17.9% (9,252/51,660) of non-surgeon physicians, a 19% increase in risk of divorce (Risk ratio [RR]=1.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.11-1.28). Both surgeons and non-surgeon physicians were significantly less likely to report being divorced compared with the general population. The increased divorce prevalence among surgeons persisted in multivariable analysis that adjusted for age, age at time of marriage, sex, race, income, hours worked per week, and number of children in the household, with surgeons experiencing a 22% increased prevalence of divorce over non-surgical physicians (adjusted divorce prevalence of 21.8% vs. 18.7%, respectively; odds ratio [OR]=1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.35). In subgroup analysis, the finding of higher divorce prevalence for surgeons over non-surgeon physicians was concentrated among men (adjusted divorce prevalence: 22.6% of male surgeons vs. 18.9% of male non-surgeon physicians; adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.11-1.42), White (adjusted divorce prevalence: 22.4% of white surgeons vs. 19.1% of white non-surgeons; adjusted OR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.09-1.38) and Asian surgeons (adjusted divorce prevalence: 12.0% of Asian surgeons vs. 8.1% of Asian non-surgeons; adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI, 1.06-2.26), with the effect not present in other measured subgroups. Both surgeons and physicians have lower divorce prevalence than the general population. Surgeons exhibit higher prevalence of divorce compared with non-surgeon physicians, with measured demographic and work characteristics insufficient to explain this difference.

Pre-marital homeownership as self-protection against divorce risks: Evidence from China's property division regime change

This paper examines the effect of uninsurable divorce risks on individuals' pre-marital homeownership by using an exogenous shift of the property division regime upon divorce from an equal-division regime to a title-based regime in China. This shift in 2011 aimed at protecting individuals' pre-marital assets, leading singles who worry about divorce risks to purchase a home prior to marriage. We find that singles' probability of owning a house prior to marriage increases by 3.2% in response to a one standard deviation increase in the divorce rate of their residing provinces. This effect is greater for female singles and singles above 30. Furthermore, the effect is stronger for singles with higher incomes, and singles living in the province with higher house prices. The empirical patterns are consistent with singles adopting pre-marital housing as a self-protection mechanism if they perceive great divorce risks after the regime shift in 2011. Our results provide important implications that housing serves not only as a durable consumption or an investment, but also as a self-protection mechanism against uninsurable divorce risks.

Job insecurity as a predictor of gray divorce: a gendered dyadic analysis

Abstract Divorce among older adults—known as gray divorce—is increasingly common; however, we have a relative gap in knowledge about predictors of gray divorce. Job insecurity, a pervasive and disruptive work-related exposure, may be a salient predictor of divorce among older couples for whom job loss can be particularly detrimental. Using longitudinal dyadic data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2020), the present study examined whether labor force status and job insecurity were prospectively associated with the risk of divorce in mid to later life, with attention to differences based on gender (n = 10,446 couples). Discrete-time event history models linked husbands’ and wives’ labor force status and job insecurity with subsequent odds of divorce in mid to later life. Findings show that husbands’ part-time employment, unemployment, and disability status were risk factors for divorce. Wives’ work disability also increased the risk of divorce, whereas wives’ retirement and exclusion from the labor force were protective against divorce. Husbands’ exposure to objective job insecurity (shorter job tenure) and perceived job insecurity were associated with divorce in mid to later life, whereas the adverse consequence of wives’ exposure to shorter job tenure reduced to non-significance with the inclusion of covariates. The present study documents previously untested predictors of gray divorce, finding that work-related factors may be an area of vulnerability for marriages in later life. Understanding the linkages between job insecurity and divorce is important because job insecurity is pervasive and divorce can contribute to declines in health and well-being.

The impact of a breast cancer diagnosis on marital outcomes and factors associated with divorce and separation.

To analyze marital outcomes, divorce or separation, and its association with demographic, socioeconomic, and clinicopathological factors among breast cancer (BC) survivors after 2-years of diagnosis. We performed a retrospective analysis of marital status at baseline and at years 1 and 2 of follow-up of women aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with invasive BC participating in the AMAZONA III (GBECAM0115) study. The BC diagnosis occurred between January 2016 and March 2018 at 23 institutions in Brazil. Of the 2974 women enrolled in AMAZONA III, 599 were married or living under common law at baseline. Divorce or separation occurred in 35 (5.8%) patients at 2 years of follow-up. In the multivariate analysis, public health insurance coverage was associated with a higher risk of marital status change (8.25% vs. 2.79%, RR 3.09, 95% CI 1.39 - 7.03, p = 0.007). Women who underwent mastectomy, adenomastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy were associated with a higher risk of divorce or separation (8.1% vs. 4.49%, RR 1.97, 95 CI 1.04 - 3.72, p = 0.0366) than those who underwent breast-conserving surgery. Women covered by the public health system and those who underwent mastectomy, adenomastectomy or skin-sparing mastectomy were associated with a higher risk of divorce or separation. This evidence further supports the idea that long-term marital stability is associated with a complex interplay between socioeconomic conditions and stressors, such as BC diagnosis and treatment. ClinicalTrials Registration: NCT02663973.

Sibling transmission of relationship breakup: Does partnership type matter?

Previous research has highlighted the impact of social network partners on individuals’ attitudes and behaviors and the significant role that siblings often play in providing lifelong support, especially in times of important life events. However, a few studies have examined the intragenerational transmission of divorce risks. Given the increasing prevalence of unmarried cohabitation, however, no study has yet unraveled the link between siblings’ relationship breakups in general, and neither has the impact of siblings’ partnership type and demographic characteristics been investigated. This study aims to understand cross-sibling influence on relationship breakup, including both divorce and separation, and whether sibling similarity in partnership type and demographic traits explain the social influence processes. We used longitudinal data from the Belgian population register and family fixed-effects event history analysis. Partnered individuals ( N = 67,113) and their siblings were followed between 1998 and 2018. The results revealed that an individual’s likelihood of experiencing a union dissolution was lower following that of a sibling. This was particularly pronounced among siblings belonging to the same partnership type (both married or both cohabiting) and close-in-age siblings. For instance, after a sibling’s separation from a cohabitation, cohabiters were at lower odds of dissolving their union than the married, especially when they had a small age gap. The findings indicate that accounting for the time-constant factors originating from the family context, a sibling’s breakup might have a protective impact on one’s own relationship status and duration. The study contributes to the growing knowledge on intragenerational transmission of partnership dissolution.

Examining divorce risk through gender roles in Pakistan

This research investigates the risk of divorce in Pakistan, considering various aspects of gender roles. We used rare events logistic regression to determine the risk of divorce based on socioeconomic variables. We find that females are more likely to be divorced than their male counterparts in all estimation scenarios. While our analysis partially supports the gender role specialization theory, both males and females who do not participate in the labor market are less likely to divorce according to empirical analysis. We also found that people living in urban areas are more likely to divorce due to a lack of social integration. The risk of divorce in various occupations remained the same across years of education and rural/urban living. Our results show that years of education decrease the likelihood of divorce. The current study fills the literature gap by analyzing divorce risk in Pakistan using several theories and hypotheses, most of which are based on gender roles. The study provides a significant number of observations and data on both married and divorced individuals, enabling a thorough investigation of divorce risk in Pakistan.

TABUNGAN CINTA YANG PECAH: DAMPAK DAN RISIKO PERCERAIAN AKIBAT PINJAMAN ONLINE TANPA SEPENGETAHUAN PASANGAN

A This study aims to analyze the issue of the impact and risk of divorce due to online loans without the knowledge of the couple. Studies on divorce may often be discussed but for the reason that specific online loans do not yet exist. Online loans are facilities used to borrow money that are sheltered by online-based financial service providers. Online loans are one of the factors behind divorce in Boregah Village RT02/RW09, Cilampunghilir Village, Padakembang District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The method used in the research is qualitative with a descriptive approach with data collection techniques based on observations and interviews. Participants came from former married couples who divorced due to borrowing online loans without the couple's knowledge, which includes resource person 1 under the pseudonym Mentrari and resource person 2 under the pseudonym Rain.The act of borrowing online loans without the knowledge of the spouse is a wrong act because it is considered a betrayal. Loss of trust in the spouse leads to disharmony in the household. Limited communication is also a factor that causes a partner to feel lonely and have to make quick decisions when in urgent circumstances. Keep in mind that the act of borrowing online loans is not a solution to family financial problems, but instead raises new problems. Openness and honesty between spouses are needed to create harmony so that there is no divorce.

Neurological conditions and subsequent divorce risk in the Nordic countries: the importance of gender and both spouses’ education

BackgroundPrior studies suggest that poor physical health, accompanied by functional disability, is associated with increased divorce risk. However, this association may depend on gender, the socioeconomic resources of the couple,...

Assortative mating, marital stability and the role of business cycles in the United States from 1968 to 2011

ABSTRACT The strong negative correlation between divorce and a wide range of outcomes in terms of well-being, health, education and labour market performance has been well documented in the literature. Economic conditions have been found to affect marital stability. Shared gains from marriage also depend on spouses’ characteristics such as age, education, ethnicity and religious beliefs. This paper examines the relationship between these spousal characteristics and the probability of dissolution while taking into account business cycle fluctuations. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics 1968–2011 for the United States and employing a duration modelling strategy, findings reveal that differences in educational attainment and ethnicity between spouses increase the hazard of marital dissolution. However similarity in religious beliefs and ethnicity reduce the risk of divorce. A period of economic growth improves marital stability. However, ethnic differences are a significant predictor of marital division, even in times of economic prosperity.

Real-world predictors of divorce among outpatients with bipolar disorder: sex differences and clinical implications

BackgroundBipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by recurring episodes of mania and depression and is known to cause social impairment. Additionally, it has been revealed that bipolar disorder increases the risk of divorce and loss of family member support, which can worsen the prognosis. However, there is limited evidence regarding the predictive factors of divorce among patients with bipolar disorder in real-world settings.MethodsThis study utilized an observational approach and involved psychiatrists from 176 member clinics of the Japanese Association of Neuro-Psychiatric Clinics. They were requested to conduct a retrospective review of medical records and complete a questionnaire focused on patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The data collection period for baseline patient characteristics spanned from September to October 2017. Next, we investigated the incidence of divorce over a 2-year period, ranging from baseline to September to October 2019.ResultsA total of 1071 outpatients with bipolar disorder were included in the analysis, and 2.8% (30/1071) experienced divorce during the first 2 years of observation. The incidence of divorce in this population was considerably higher than that in the general Japanese population. Binomial logistic regression analysis confirmed that a younger baseline age and lower BMI values were statistically significant predictors of divorce occurrence for all study participants. The predictors of divorce were then examined separately by sex. The results revealed that for men, a younger age at baseline and having bipolar I disorder compared to bipolar II disorder were statistically significant predictors of divorce. In contrast, for women, having a lower BMI and using anxiolytics emerged as statistically significant predictors of divorce.ConclusionsIn this study, a younger baseline age and lower BMI values were statistically significant predictors of divorce in patients with bipolar disorder. Notably, the predictors of divorce varied significantly between men and women. These findings provide important insights from a family perspective regarding social support for individuals with bipolar disorder in real-world clinical settings.

Adjustment of Anticipatory Covariates in Retrospective Surveys: An Expected Likelihood Approach

We address an inference issue where the value of a covariate is measured at the date of the survey but is used to explain behavior that has occurred long before the survey. This causes bias because the value of the covariate does not follow the temporal order of events. We propose an expected likelihood approach to adjust for such bias and illustrate it with data on the effects of educational level achieved by the time of marriage on risks of divorce. For individuals with anticipatory educational level (whose reported educational level was completed after marriage), conditional probabilities of having attained the reported level before marriage are computed. These are then used as weights in the expected likelihood to obtain adjusted estimates of relative risks. For our illustrative data set, the adjusted estimates of relative risks of divorce did not differ significantly from those obtained from anticipatory analysis that ignores the temporal order of events. Our results are slightly different from those in two other studies that analyzed the same data set in a Bayesian framework, though the studies are not fully comparable to each other.

Nikah Menurut Perspektif Saad Ad-Dzari'ah

Abstract: This article intends to find out the background of the implementation of early marriage and the provisions of the implementation of early marriage according to Sadd al-Dzari'ah perspective in Diwek District, Jombang. This study uses a qualitative research process that goes directly to the field with the aim of clarifying the suitability between theory and practice using primary data located at the Office of Religious Affairs, Diwek District. The results of this study are that there are many early marriages that are factored in by the family environment, economic factors. From the perspective of Sadd al-Dzari'ah, there are several mafsadat caused by the first of the survival of the household, the vulnerability to domestic violence, the risk of dying during childbirth, the risk of divorce, interfering with education and work. Keywords: Marriage; Early Marriage; Saad Ad-Dzari,ah

Collateralized Marriage

Marriage rates have become increasingly stratified by homeownership. We investigate this in a household model where investments in public goods reduce future earnings and, thus, divorce risk creates inefficiencies. Access to a joint savings technology, like a house, collateralizes marriage, providing insurance to the lower-earning partner and increasing specialization, public goods, and value from marriage. We use idiosyncratic variation in housing prices to show that homeownership access indeed leads to greater specialization. The model also predicts that policies that erode the marriage contract in other ways will make wealth a more important determinant of marriage, which we confirm empirically. (JEL D12, D86, G51, H41, J12, R31)

The Impact of Boredom in Marriage on Marital Satisfaction

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of boredom in marriage on marital satisfaction.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low-cost advantage as compared to field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Boredom in marriage can influence the spouses' behaviors, emotions, and cognitions, such as reducing their positive interactions, increasing their negative interactions, lowering their mood, and impairing their judgment. Boredom in marriage can have negative consequences for the individual and relational well-being of the spouses, such as affecting their physical and mental health, undermining their intimacy and commitment, and increasing their risk of infidelity or divorce. Boredom in marriage can be prevented or reduced by enhancing the quality and quantity of communication, sharing new and meaningful experiences, expressing appreciation and affection, seeking professional help if needed, and maintaining a positive attitude and outlook on the relationship.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Arousal Theory, Cognitive Theory and Psychodynamic Theory may be used to anchor future studies on use of marriage institutions. Marital therapists and counselors could incorporate boredom assessment and intervention strategies in their work with couples who report low marital satisfaction. Policymakers and educators could design and implement programs that promote healthy and satisfying marriages in the society.

Marital status over 28 years of parents of individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities.

Longitudinal, prospective analyses of marital status in parents of individuals with autism are needed to better understand the types and timing of supports needed to mitigate the impact of divorce on the family. We describe the timing of divorce and the factors that contribute to divorce in a longitudinal sample of families of individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities. Participants included parents of 219 children initially referred for autism and other developmental delays followed to age 30 years. Approximately 36% of individuals in our sample experienced a parental divorce by age 30. Higher rates of divorce were associated with lower maternal education and families of color and moderately associated with younger maternal age at child's birth, autism symptom severity, and ASD diagnosis. Divorces were most common in children's early years (under age 5) and also in the teenage years and beyond (over age 15). After age 15, higher risk was associated with the child's higher cognitive ability and daily living skills, and being a multiplex family. Results suggest that divorce risk in families of children with autism remains high through childhood into early adulthood. Understanding factors related to changes in marital status may help support families across time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Stability and change in predictors of marital dissolution in the US 1950–2017

AbstractObjectiveOur goal is to measure change over time in the predictors of marital dissolution in the United States.BackgroundThe last comprehensive comparative analysis of predictors of marital dissolution is more than 20 years out of date. Rising inequality in the United States requires a fresh look at the predictors of marital dissolution. The Diverging Destinies hypothesis predicts greater inequality over time in the divorce rate between groups, whereas the Converging Destinies hypothesis predicts convergence in divorce rates.MethodWe use a variety of event history models to examine the change over time in race, ethnicity, intermarriage, premarital cohabitation, education, teen marriages, and family of origin intactness as predictors of marital dissolution using data on first marriages from the National Survey of Family Growth covering seven decades of marital histories. We examine racial differences in the nonracial predictors of divorce.ResultsIn the post‐Civil Rights era, Black women's and White women's marital dissolution rates converged. In the most recent marriage cohorts, marital dissolution rates for Black women have increased relative to White women and teen marriage is increasingly associated with divorce. Women without the BA degree appear to be increasingly at risk for divorce. We find that wives from racial minority groups have divorce rates that are less impacted by premarital cohabitation, low education, and teen marriage.ConclusionThe demographic profile of women at marriage has changed dramatically, while the predictors of divorce have changed modestly. Where there are changes in the predictors of divorce, we find more support for Diverging Destinies.

AN ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD RESILIENCE AND DIVORCE WITHIN MUSLIM FAMILIES AMIDST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to examine the factors behind the increasing of divorce cases amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study followed a qualitative research method with case study approach to analyse the factors behind the increasing of divorce cases within Muslim families in North Sumatra amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. The findings of this study indicate that economic factors, third-person influence, lack of honesty, domestic violence, and inequality in child care are main factors that increase the cases of divorce. The COVID-19 pandemic is not the main factor in the occurrence of divorce, however, this pandemic is another factor that increases the risk of divorce, especially related to economic problems when the problem is not communicated properly. This study shows the importance to strengthen the dimensions of family life by ensuring the establishment of a more harmonious family life, understanding and supporting each other to develop household resilience amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Association between adverse childhood experiences and marital status among Japanese older adults

BackgroundMarital status is a well-known social determinant of health. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect attachment, critical to establishing and maintaining intimate relationships, such as marital status. ObjectiveThis study examined the association between ACEs and marital status among older Japanese adults. Participants and settingThis research used data from a nationwide population-based study among functionally independent people aged 65 and above in Japan. MethodsACEs were assessed by self-reported questionnaires on the following experiences before 18 years old: parental death, parental divorce, parental mental disease, exposure to intimate partner violence, physical abuse, psychological neglect, psychological abuse, and poverty. Marital status was asked as currently having a spouse (including common-law marriage), widowed, divorced, or unmarried. Associations between the total number of ACEs and marital status were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. ResultsThree or more ACEs showed higher risks of being widowed, divorced, or unmarried. Psychological neglect led to higher divorce risks among males (RRR, 95%CI = 1.41, 1.13–1.76) and females (RRR, 95%CI = 1.56, 1.28–1.89). Childhood poverty showed higher risks of unmarried among males (RRR, 95%CI = 1.25, 1.02–1.53) and females (RRR, 95%CI = 1.41, 1.18–1.69). Association between ACEs and divorce risks showed gender differences (RRR, 95%CI of having three or more ACEs in males: 2.19, 1.66–2.90; in females: 3.45, 2.71–4.38; p for interaction = 0.034). ConclusionsACEs showed higher risks of being widowed, divorced, and unmarried among older Japanese people. Policy to tackle ACEs and research investigating how ACEs, attachment, and relationship quality influence marital status are required to promote well-being in later life.