President Of Division Research Articles

A DANGEROUS MUDDYING OF THE WATERS? THE 'SIGNIFICANT HARM' OF RE B AND G (CHILDREN) (CARE PROCEEDINGS)[2015] EWFC 3.

The academic debate rages on as to whether male circumcision really is in the best interests of the child or if it constitutes an abusive practice. This commentary discusses the recent case of Re B and G (children) (care proceedings) [2015] EWFC 3, delivered by the current President of the Family Division of the High court, Sir James Munby. Two key issues are raised by this judgment. First, that President Munby's obiter comments constitute an attack on the legally accepted act of male circumcision by suggesting a similar nature between the illegal act of female genital mutilation (FGM) and that of male circumcision as well as the suggestion that male circumcision can be classed as a significant harm. Second, that this case reflects the woefully unprepared condition of the UK medical profession in dealing with FGM.

Presidential Address 2016: Literature and Its Publics: Past, Present, and Future

Some Things Don't Change Much. One Hundred and Fourteen years ago, at an MLA conference in Champaign, Illinois, the president of the Central Division, the Germanist James Taft Hatfield of Northwestern University, delivered an address on “the relation of scholarship to the commonwealth,” which I recognize as a version of this year's theme, Literature and Its Publics. When the address was published later in PMLA, the account of it went as follows: “the remarks of the President were clear, incisive, sparkling, and proved an excellent introduction to one of the most interesting meetings” of the association. (The minutes go on to share the secretary's concern that the conference has too many papers, which run too long, and to record the balance in the Central Division's funds: $1.33 [“Proceedings” lxxv].)

Ethel Tobach (1921-2015).

With the passing of Ethel Tobach, the world of psychology has lost one of its few remaining giants. While her death brings to an end an important era in 20th-century comparative psychology, her contributions went beyond her research specialty into leadership and advocacy roles where she also had a substantial impact. Ethel's professional work and societal work were well recognized and often intertwined. Her many awards included the Kurt Lewin Award (1993) from Division 9 of the American Psychological Association (APA; Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues), for "outstanding contributions to the development and integration of psychological research and social action." She served as president of APA Division 6 (1984 -1985, Comparative and Physiological Psychology) and APA's Division 48, (2004, the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence). Her professional contributions were acknowledged by being awarded the APA's Gold Medal Award for Lifetime Achievement in Psychology in the Public Interest (2003). In addition to a corpus of research publications and essays on various aspects of psychology, she is known for coediting several important books.

Remembering Claudia Card: Two Tributes

From the editor: On behalf of the editors of FPQ, I thank our colleagues for providing us their public addresses at the Celebration of Life of Professor Claudia Falconer Card of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who died on Saturday, September 12, 2015. Claudia Card was the author of over one hundred articles and books, key works of moral and feminist philosophy including Confronting Evils: Terrorism, Torture, Genocide (Cambridge 2010), The Atrocity Paradigm: A Theory of Evil (Oxford 2002), and The Unnatural Lottery: Character and Moral Luck (Temple 1996). She was the president of the Central division of the APA 2010-2011, which she often described as her favorite division of the APA. She earned her BA from UW-Madison, and her PhD in 1969 from Harvard University, as the advisee of John Rawls, whom she spoke of with affection as one of the most sensitive and generous of philosophers. I remain grateful to Claudia for being the sort of philosopher who helped her students, colleagues, and readers to confront our responsibilities, and the responsibilities of others, as she lived her own philosophy of taking responsibility for one’s own identity. K.J. Norlock

Euthanasia and assisted suicide: good or bad public policy?

A quote from Baroness Butler-Sloss, a former president of the Family Division of the High Court in the United Kingdom, provides a useful description of what is involved in the debate about whether or not to legalise euthanasia and/or assisted suicide. It is a debate about the merits of staying with a long-established boundary which provides a bright line and that is ‘natural’, versus the merits of exchanging that boundary for one that is ‘arbitrary … easily crossed and hard to defend’.

REPORT

Before 2012, Commission 34 was identical to Division VI. The organization and executive officers of the Division and the Commission were the same. At the 2012 General Assembly (GA) in Beijing, the IAU reformed the divisional structure and the previous Division VI which Commission 34 was under was combined with Div VII to form Division H: Interstellar Matter and Local Universe. Ewine van Dishoeck was named by the IAU executive committee as the President of the new Division. Since the Commission structure is to be reformed at the GA of 2015, Commission 34 retains its original name “Interstellar Matter” and joined Commissions 33 and 37 (formally under Division VII) as commissions under the new Division H.

Beyond the c-suite: corporate communications’ power and influence

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine what formal executive-level committees senior corporate communications executives are members of and what value they contribute.Design/methodology/approach– The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 30 senior executives at four US companies who discussed corporate communications’ involvement in eight strategic issues.Findings– The focus on the C-Suite is too narrow as strategic issues arise at the division level and in executive-level committees. Corporate communications is often in competition with marketing for influence and coveted seats in the board rooms. Corporate communications is most likely to be included in decision making when issues are perceived as falling within their domain, when the function has support from the CEO, when working in industries with frequent crises or those focussing on reputation management, and in companies that utilize integrated decision teams.Practical implications– Corporate communicators need to enhance their research skills and educate other colleagues about their domain beyond media relations.Originality/value– Study includes the perspectives of executives outside of corporate communications such as marketing, sales, human resources, investor relations, finance, and operations as well as division presidents.

When adoption without parental consent breaches human rights: implications of Re B-S (Children) [2013] EWCA Civ 963 on decision making and permanency planning for children

The Court of Appeal in Re B-S (Children) [2013] EWCA Civ 1146 delivered a judgment on 17 September 2013 that has led to confusion and uncertainty in adoption cases specifically, but public law cases more generally. In his judgment, the President of the Family Division, Sir James Munby, highlighted the need for a greater degree of analysis and a weighing up of all the options for the child, including adoption. Significantly, the President stated that adoption without parental consent is an extremely draconian step, and as an option should not therefore be based on resource constraints if the most appropriate option for the child is to remain living within his or her own family with support.The authors are concerned that following the decision in Re B-S the courts appear to be more willing to grant leave to appeal an adoption order, especially where parents are not legally represented. Members of the judiciary may be concerned to uphold the Article 6 rights of parents, but this must be carefully balanced against the welfare of the child.Furthermore, following the decision in Re B-S we are seeing evidence in unreported cases of social workers being heavily challenged on their oral evidence in court. The judgment in this case will inevitably lead to uncertainty amongst professionals who are already working under considerable strain and these may result in further delay for children; this is ironic given the rhetoric of recent reform of family justice is premised upon the importance of the timetable for the child.

Managing Marine Plastic Pollution: Policy Initiatives to Address Wayward Waste

A few times a year, volunteers fan out along the causeway that links the South Carolina mainland with the seashore community of Folly Beach to clean up plastic bottles, straws, bags, and other debris from along the road and the salt marsh. Some of this debris has come from cities miles away. On windy days, litter is often blown off city streets into waterways. During rainstorms, debris floats into drains that empty into rivers. Other trash probably came from places closer to home. “I see bags and other plastic flying off the beds of pickup trucks going down the causeway,” says Marty Morganello, who organizes the cleanups for the Charleston-area chapter of the nonprofit Surfrider Foundation. “I see them coming out the open windows of cars and out the backs of garbage trucks and even recycling trucks. This material is lightweight, and if you don’t secure it, it will fly away.” By one estimate, the volume of plastic debris going into the world’s oceans could more than double by 2025, assuming current trends in coastal development and plastics use. Some countries have begun identifying ways to improve management of plastic ... Beach cleanups yield enormous amounts of trash, with plastic items a major constituent.1 Although the human health impacts of this marine plastic pollution remain poorly characterized, it is widely seen as an emerging problem that deserves much more research attention.2 Likewise, there is a growing urgency among industry, government, nongovernmental organizations, and environmental groups to develop tools and policies to track, capture, and recycle plastic waste before it reaches the ocean.

The Last and Next Decades of the Asian Core Program on Cutting‐Edge Organic Chemistry in Asia

The Last and Next Decades of the Asian Core Program on Cutting‐Edge Organic Chemistry in Asia

Mathilda (Matty) Bushel Canter (1924-2015).

Mathilda (Matty) Bushel Canter, a lifelong contributor to professional psychology, with a remarkable history of service, died in Phoenix, Arizona, on January 30, 2015. Matty was born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 8, 1924, the daughter of Harry and Bertha Bushel. She was preceded in death by her husband and fellow psychologist, Aaron Herman Canter in 1995. She and Aaron had two children, Rachelle (Shelley) and Steven. She is also survived by her brother Arthur Bushel of Baltimore. She made significant contributions to the profession on both a state and national level. Her contributions to the profession led to her being named a fellow of seven divisions of the American Psychological Association (APA; Divisions 12, 29, 31, 35, 42, 44, and 55). In 1984, she became the first female president of the APA Division of Psychotherapy (Division 29). In addition, she produced many articles for the media on the role of psychology in the community. Matty was a strong supporter of the American Psychological Foundation (APF). Matty received numerous awards from APA and its divisions for her contributions. She was a strong supporter of advocacy efforts in psychology and participated in numerous advocacy fundraising events. Her gentle way of handling tough situations earned nothing but respect. Matty mentored so many students and professionals, they are too numerous to note. A true giant of our profession has departed.

The Case Against Disruptive Innovation

We are, as culture, obsessed with innovation--as national characteristic, as economic engine, as certain guarantor of national and corporate leadership--if we only find the formula to guarantee it. For Jill Lepore, writing in the New Yorker in June 2014, is more than business imperative, even more than cultural meme. It is of history, 20th-century version of 18th- and 19th-century ideas about progress and evolution. Innovation is how we move forward. 21st-century version of innovation, for Lepore at least, is disruption--a theory of history founded on profound anxiety about financial collapse, apocalyptic fear of global devastation, and shaky evidence. With that last phrase, Lepore takes aim at the author of the theory of disruption, embarking on close, and highly controversial, critique of Clayton Christensen's first book, Innovator's Dilemma. Accusing Christensen of handpicking case studies to match his preconceptions and of ignoring evidence that contradicts his theory, Lepore attempts to systematically debunk the very idea of disruptive innovation. For those who don't have time or access to read Lepore's full 6,000-word article, Slate's Will Oremus offers fair summary of the piece--with small dose of snarky commentary--under the title The New Yorker Thinks Disruptive Innovation is Myth. response to Lepore's pointed analysis--of Christensen's work in Innovator's Dilemma and of the idea of itself--has been remarkably emotional (and often unnecessarily personal) on both sides. Christensen himself responded via short interview with BusinessWeek that fairly vibrates with fury. Richard Feloni, writing for Business Insider, offers overview of the immediate responses, including insightful Twitter posts from Marc Andreesen and Steven Sinofsky (formerly president of Microsoft's Windows division). In post on Bloomberg View, Clive Crook called Lepore's work incompetent. In Forbes, Clark Gilbert described it as cleverly written but substantively lacking and Steve Denning complimented Lepore on her well-crafted sentences but dismissed the larger argument as total nonsense, describing Lepore's reasoning as flights of fancy that are wildly misguided. Lepore's defenders have been similarly extreme, describing the article as an absolutely devastating of disruptive innovation (Jonathan Rees, on his More or Less Bunk blog), and, more moderately, a careful takedown (Paul Krugman, in the New York Times). Haydn Shaughnessy said Lepore had dismantled disruptive innovation, praising her for piercing the elite bubble around Christensen's work. Given this kind of extremism, it's tempting to dismiss the firestorm as another Internet-bred eruption that will subside if ignored. Those actually working in the trenches of innovation, day to day, have little attention to spare for such apparently academic debates. there have been considered responses, on both sides, that deserve attention for the way they invite reconsideration of the concept of and how it shapes the way we think about innovation. Slate writer Will Oremus puts it, in commentary on Christensen's response to Lepore, I'd like to think ... that the whole dustup could have the effect of prodding people to think more carefully about Christensen's theory before spouting the relevant buzzwords. That disruption has become buzzword, taking on so many meanings that it has become essentially meaningless, is one thing both sides agree on. In the BusinessWeek interview in which he responds to Lepore's article, Christensen admits that use of the word has become almost random ... used to justify whatever anybody--an entrepreneur or college student--wants to do. In piece for New York magazine, Kevin Roose goes so far as to suggest we all just stop using the word: But when everything is disruptive, nothing is. use of the term as an all-purpose rhetorical bludgeon, he argues, can distract us from the real issues with emergent products and companies. …

Donald Hugh Blocher (1928-2013).

This article memorializes Donald Hugh Blocher (1928-2013). Blocher, a giant in counseling psychology, was elected a fellow of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1973, received a Distinguished Achievement Award from Harvard University in 1968, and served as president of APA Division 17 (Society of Counseling Psychology) in 1980. He obtained a Fulbright Lectureship at the University of Keele (United Kingdom) for 1968-1969, where he helped develop a counseling psychology program according to American standards. He also published many books, book chapters, and articles over the course of his professional career.

Deprivations of liberty safeguards: Not fit for purpose.

Dear Editor, The attention paid by the ICS and FICM to recent changes to the legal framework governing deprivations of liberty is very welcome. The clarity provided by the ‘acid test’ of Cheshire West in relation to the living arrangements of mentally incapacitated persons suggests that deprivations of liberty are more common in hospital practice, and particularly in critical care, than previously thought. We would like to draw attention to practical consequences emerging from the avalanche of DOLS applications that will ensue. Firstly, Sir James Munby, the President of the Family Division of the High Court, has made it plain that if all relevant patients have an application, the court service (HMCTS) will be utterly unable to deal with the volume of work that will ensue. Our own local authority is now reportedly taking 12–20 weeks to complete authorisations, so a patient’s therapeutic journey is likely to be over long before a decision is made regarding its admissibility. ‘After the fact’ authorisation in this way does little to either support physicians or safeguard patients. Secondly, the high frequency of deprivation of liberty in the ‘usual’ practice of critical care will necessitate DOLS applications in many cases where there is negligible moral risk of compromising a patient’s rights and wishes. Healthcare professionals may become desensitised and disillusioned by a complex and bureaucratic process that they see (largely correctly) as irrelevant and non-contributory to many of their patients. Current arrangements are not fit for purpose and there is a genuine risk that the plight of vulnerable patients will become lost in the ensuing chaos, disadvantaging the very persons that the Cheshire West aimed to protect. Recognising this, a planned review of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 by the Law Commission has had its terms of reference broadened to include an appraisal of DOLS arrangements; but this is not due to be translated into new law until 2017 when the architecture of the law will undoubtedly be radically changed. In the interim, it is imperative that this practical challenge is appropriately addressed in order to ensure that the rights of vulnerable critically ill patients continue to receive optimal protection. The ‘acid test’ is already being tested in the lower courts. Given the importance of these issues for critical care, we suggest that it is important for the profession to make its voice heard as legal policy is redrafted.

Introduction to the first issue of Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity.

Welcome to this first issue of the Society for the Psychological Study of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues’s (Division 44 of the American Psychological Association) first journal titled Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. The journal will henceforth be published quarterly. This journal is the culmination of a long process that involved the labor and imagination of many. Discussions about what kinds of publications Division 44 might best sponsor occurred as early as my own tenure on the Executive Committee, and then as Division President (1988–1994); I suspect such discussions occurred from the very founding of the Division in January 1985. Division 44 initially opted to sponsor a book series under the editorship of Beverly Greene and Gregory Herek; Barry Chung later took over the series, followed by Marie Miville. More recently, Charlotte Patterson, during her term as President (2005–2006) proposed a membership survey to assess the need for a journal, and a Journal Task Force consisting of Barry Chung, Jon Mohr, and David Pantalone began considering the issue. There were continued discussions throughout the Presidencies of Christopher Martell, Ruth Fassinger, Randy Georgemiller, and Bonnie Strickland. During her Presidency, Bonnie Strickland appointed a larger Journal Task Force, chaired by Kathleen Bieschke and including Beverly Greene, Doug Kimmel, Jon Mohr, and Mark Pope. Mark Pope, during his Presidential term, chaired this committee, which then included Kathleen Bieschke, Beverly Greene, Jon Mohr, Peter Ji, and Doug Kimmel. Mark Pope brought this long process to its conclusion during his term, securing approval from the American Psychological Association (APA) Publications and Communications Board. The Journal Task Force chaired by Mark Pope served as the search committee for the Founding Editor, while the Presidential Trio of Arlene Noriega, Michael Hendricks, and Mark Pope conducted the search for a publisher. The Division 44 Executive Committee approved their recommendations in early 2013 with my appointment as Founding Editor and APA as the publisher. The encouragement and technical assistance from staff at APA Journals, including Gary VandenBos, Susan Harris, Jason Winkler, Skip Maier, and Daniya Tamendarova have been most helpful. I detail this extended history that led to the creation of Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, both to recognize those who labored to create it and to illustrate the care and thoughtful planning that accompanied the decision to create this journal. One of the reasons Division 44 proceeded with so much caution and planning in the launching of this journal involved concern about whether there would be a sufficient flow of quality manuscripts to fill such a journal. I believe this first issue will begin to lay those concerns to rest. This issue leads with Kristin Hancock’s description of the emerging conflicts between APA’s position on the importance of multiculturalism in the education and training of psychologists, versus the assertion that religious belief can warrant an exemption from such training. While this conflict has been specifically raised regarding training on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues, it potentially can be raised regarding any aspect of training. As Hancock details, the conflict has far-reaching implications in terms of who controls training of psychologists; the nature of psychology as a profession, and professions in general; the relationship between professions and society; and related issues. I believe the issues involved are of such magnitude that Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity will devote space in each of the remaining three issues of Volume 1 to this topic. Specifically, I am inviting brief (1,000–2,000-word) responses to the issues raised in Hancock’s article from a variety of experts on these topics. I also issue a call to anyone interested to consider writing such a response. This will be followed in Issues 3 and 4 with more elaborated responses in the

A case study and interview with Jill McDonald CEO and President of McDonald's Northern Europe Division

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how strategy is developed and implemented within a subsidiary of a global organization, the relationship between subsidiary and headquarters and the need for continuous change and adaption to remain relevant. Furthermore, this case study describes a successful process of invention and adoption. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on documentary evidence and a semi-structured interview with Jill McDonald CEO and President of McDonald's Northern Europe Division with responsibility for the UK, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Norway and the Republic of Ireland. Management research rarely captures the views of the top executive, yet the top executives have a broad picture and are key strategic decision makers. Findings – The case study and interview offers a unique insight into factors contributing to McDonald's unprecedented success (it has paid an increased dividend for the past 37 years). It also sheds light on its successful internationalization strategy. Originality/value – The case study draws on published material and augments this with an in-depth interview with the Chief Executive. Very few case studies offer insight into the thinking of a Chief Executive managing a subsidiary of a global organization. Its value lies in the lessons that managers and students of management can draw on the approach adopted by a highly successful global organization.

Professor Ed Cairns: A personal and professional biography.

This article provides a brief overview of Ed Cairns' (1945-2012) personal and professional life. Born, raised, and educated in Belfast, Ed's career at the University of Ulster spanned the years of Northern Ireland's contemporary political violence-from the riots of the early 1970s, through the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, and into the present postconflict period. A fellow of both the British Psychological Society and the American Psychological Association, Ed was a leading international scholar on social identity, conflict and peace, and children and political violence. He was a committed teacher and mentor of many university students and of many peace psychologists from around the globe. He was also an influential leader worldwide and the first international President of APA's Division 48, the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence.

Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality

HANDBOOK OF THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY, Raymond F. Paloutzian and Crystal L. Park (Eds.). NY: The Guilford Press, 2005. Pp. 590 + xvii. Cloth, npi. Reviewed by J. Harold Ellens. Dr. Paloutzian is Professor of Experimental and Social Psychology at Westmont College, past president of Division 30 of the APA, and author of Invitation to the Psychology of Religion. He edits The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. His colleague, Dr. Park, is Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Connecticut. Like Paloutzian, she has been the president of Division 36 and is Associate Editor of Psychology and Health, as well as an editorial board member for the Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology and The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. Such credentials suggest that we may expect a watershed volume in this new handbook. Our expectations are fully rewarded. This is a tour de force of scientific scholarship, skillful organization, and precise editing. The Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality will be the definitive work on the subject for at least the next century. The editors have brought together substantive essays by 45 notable scholars, including such stellar figures as Roy F. Baumeister of Florida State, Jacob A. Beizen of the University of Amsterdam, Peter C. Hill of Rosemead, Ralph W. Hood, Jr. of the University of Tennessee, the late Bruce Hunsberger of Wilfred Laurier, Annette Mahoney of Bowling Green, Susan H. McFadden of Wisconsin (Oshkosh), Bernard Spilke of Denver (Emeritus), and Carl F. Thoresen of Stanford (Emeritus). They have organized these essays into thirty chapters in the following five sections: Foundations of the Psychology of Religion, Religion Through the Developmental Lens, Religion and Basic Psychology Subdisciplines, The Construction and Expression of Religion, and Psychology of Religion and Applied Areas. Part I has six chapters on Integrative Themes, Spirituality, Measurement, Research Methods, Psychodynamic Psychologies, and Evolutionary Psychology. Part II offers three chapters on religious and spiritual development through the life cycle from childhood to old age, and a fourth on marriage and parenting. The five chapters of the third part discuss neuropsychology and religious experience, cognitive psychologies, emotions and religion, the role of personality, and how religion, attitudes, and social behavior interrelate. The eighth chapter of Part IV focuses specifically on meaning issues, spiritual experiences, conversion and transformation, mysticism, ritual and prayer, Fundamentalism and authoritarianism, forgiveness, and morality and self control (values, virtues, and vices). Part V has seven chapters on spirituality and health, psychopathology, coping, clinical and counseling psychology, advocacy of science, violence and terrorism, and a futurist view of the integration of psychology and religion. David Meyers of Hope College, nationally known for his work in Christian perspectives on Social Psychology, and notable for his empirical studies, observed that Paloutzian and Park have assembled in this comprehensive volume a stateof-the-art review of the burgeoning psychological science of religion. From every angle, leading investigators explore religion's roots and fruits. For students and scholars of psychology-religion studies this is an absolutely essential resource. Much of the previously published work on the psychology of religion has been clinical in orientation, but this volume, as can be seen from the list of chapter subjects, treats the entire spectrum of relevant disciplines and issues relating to the empirical and philosophical science of psychology and the phenomenological and heuristic world of the data on spiritual experience. Paloutzian indicates that the driving force behind his interest in this specific area of study has been a desire to find out about the real world through the lens of psychology, particularly that aspect of real life that may be more central than others, namely, human religious experiences, practices, expectations, and behaviors. …

Toward the “Higher Type of Womanhood”: The Gendered Contours of Garveyism and the Making of Redemptive Geographies in Costa Rica, 1922–1941

Toward the “Higher Type of Womanhood”The Gendered Contours of Garveyism and the Making of Redemptive Geographies in Costa Rica, 1922–1941 Asia Leeds (bio) In her 1922 “Message for the Negro Women of the World” that appeared in Marcus Garvey’s Negro World newspaper, the Lady President of the Philadelphia Division of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)1 declared, “[T]he redemption of Africa depends on the motherhood of black women.”2Redemption, a term central to and often invoked in UNIA rhetoric, functioned as a double critique to black powerlessness in the early twentieth century. For Garveyites, the liberation of both continental Africans from European colonization and persons of African descent in the Americas from disenfranchisement, marginalization, and dehumanization were joint and entangled struggles highly dependent on a particular type of black womanhood. From Harlem to Cuba to Costa Rica, Garveyites located women’s race work both inside and outside of the home. While seemingly transgressing the Victorian model of womanhood and the cult of domesticity, the political philosophy of Garveyism held women’s bodies and behavior under heavy surveillance, and in many ways affirmed dominant framings of black women’s inherent sexual immorality. Garveyite men and women instructed young women to immerse themselves in intellectual pursuits and activities that derailed bodily and sexual deviance, to behave respectably, especially in public spaces, and to mother the race through the biological and cultural reproduction of successful black offspring. As another woman contributor to the Negro World remarked, “To [the black woman] has come the privilege of carving the destiny of a race handicapped and persecuted for generations [and] it is for her to bless or curse the future generations by her conduct.”3 [End Page 1] By examining the ways that West Indians in the Atlantic coastal region of Limón, Costa Rica, engaged with and contributed to the transnational mediascape4 shaped in the circulation of Garveyite newspapers, this essay interrogates the making of redemptive womanhood in both local and transnational context. I use the term West Indians to refer to English-speaking immigrants of African decent from the British West Indies, primarily Jamaica, and their offspring. In the late nineteenth century, West Indians migrated to varying locations along the Atlantic coast of Central America in response to the labor demand created by railroad and port construction projects. By the turn of the twentieth century, the development of the United Fruit Company (UFCO) and its multinational banana plantation export system in countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Cuba, and Costa Rica stimulated even more West Indian movement and relocation in the region. By 1910, the banana business boomed and around twenty thousand West Indians had made their way to Costa Rica. By the late 1920s, however, the population declined as the banana business suffered in the midst of plant disease and economic depression. Those West Indians who stayed in Costa Rica after the collapse of the banana industry desired permanence, but would not obtain citizenship rights until 1949.5 This research, therefore, chronicles a period in flux; when West Indians no longer self-identified fully as subjects of the British crown yet were not legally Costa Rican citizens. Conditions in Costa Rica made the Garveyite call for unification an appealing one. The UNIA language of racial solidarity and gendered redemption made sense in a hostile atmosphere in which the purported innate immorality of blacks marked all people of African descent as unfit for Costa Rican citizenship. Since West Indians were the face of U.S. imperialism in the banana enclave and the most visible reminders of the dominance of United Fruit, both anti-imperialism and racism underpinned Costa Rican nationalism in the 1920s and 1930s.6 Based on a narrative of history that heralds the Spanish ancestry of Costa Ricans, the idea that white purity and homogeneity existed and should be protected in the nation justified the denial of West Indian citizenship and the enactment of laws of racial segregation.7 Discourses of black savagery and sexual immorality held black women and mothers culpable for the deviance of the race, and this was the trend in Costa Rica and the Americas at...

Yinglu Guo: PSA screening test requires wider application in China.

Prof. Yinglu Guo (Figure 1), MD, is an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, academic leader of Urology and Andrology. He is the honorary president of Peking University First Hospital and honorary director of Institute of Urology, Peking University; Dean of Peking University Urologist Training College and Andrology Center of Peking University First Hospital; Dean of National Urological, male reproductive Cancer Research Center and Ministry of Health Urological, male reproductive Cancer Medical Center; and President of Division of Urologist, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Prof. Guo is also the Editor-in-Chief of Translational Andrology and Urology (TAU).