Division Points Research Articles

Developing the Metrology for Atomic Level Spatial Distribution and Local Chemistry Analysis of in-Situ Dopants By Atom Probe Tomography

Increasing the in-situ active doping level is a primary method for reducing source-drain resistance1. The impact of this approach is dependent on the dopant atoms spatial distribution and their local chemical environment. To measure and optimize these parameters is a characterization challenge although atom probe tomography (APT) has the potential to capture the required data. Likewise, extracting the relevant information and its interpretation still requires development. In this presentation, we show how a 3D APT dataset can be analyzed using a statistical algorithm to characterize the spatial (in)homogeneity of all the elements present. Moreover, the influence of the dopant atoms on their local chemical environment is also revealed.For demonstration purposes, a 43 nm thick in-situ highly boron-doped (~4 at.%) epitaxially grown SiGe layer with an intended site fraction of 0.7:0.3 (Si:Ge) was utilized. A custom Python code, developed upon a similar algorithm to that proposed by Stephenson et al. 2, alongside a significance test to evaluate the element spatial inhomogeneity within our dataset was employed. The code utilized a fixed number (500) of nearest neighbor atoms surrounding each dopant element, thereby establishing the local composition pertaining to the dopant element. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test3 was conducted to validate the spatial (in)homogeneity. This involved comparing the resulting composition frequency of the experimental dataset with a randomized version of the same dataset featuring shuffled chemical identities. A significance threshold of α ≤ 0.01 was applied to reject the null hypothesis for a random distribution of elements throughout the dataset.The empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDF) for the B-B, along with the B-Si and B-Ge site fractions are presented in Fig. 1. Statistical analysis of the data supports all three elements being spatially inhomogeneous i.e., p value < 0.01. The B-B distribution also shows a notable deviation towards higher concentration relative to the randomized version and indicated ~10% of the B was aggregating. Sub-dividing the B-B composition distribution (Fig. 2a) into three regions, with the division points being where the two composition distributions (measured and randomized data) intersected, enabled further insight about the localized matrix behavior (Fig. 2b, c). The Si site fraction was found to monotonically shift from a lower to higher level with increasing B composition, while the Ge exhibited the opposite trend. This implies that the B incorporation modifies the matrix at a localized scale and leads to an enhanced Si site fraction around the B. This finding is consistent with a recent DFT simulation for B doped SiGe4. The 3D-APT metrology presented here enhances our ability to study the spatial distribution of dopants on an atomic scale and could be used, for example, to refine the epitaxial growth or link it to the performance of devices. J.-L. Everaert et al., in 2017 Symposium on VLSI Technology, p. T214–T215, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan (2017).L. T. Stephenson et al., MethodsX, 1, 12–18 (2014).J. N. Miller, J. C. Miller, and R. D. Miller, Statistics and chemometrics for analytical chemistry, Seventh edition., Pearson Education Limited, Harlow, United Kingdom, (2018).G. Rengo et al., J. Phys. Chem. C (submitted) Figure 1

Optimization of Division and Reconfiguration Locations of the Medium-Voltage Power Grid Based on Forecasting the Level of Load and Generation from Renewable Energy Sources

The article addresses challenges in optimizing the operation of medium voltage networks, emphasizing optimizing network division points and selecting the best network configuration for minimizing power and energy losses. It critically reviews recent research on the issue of network configuration optimization. The optimization of the medium voltage power grid reconfiguration process was carried out using known optimization tools. The novelty lies in the inclusion of a probabilistic approach in the decision-making process in forecasting loads and generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Optimization studies utilizing heuristic optimization methods were completed, and an algorithm was developed for forecasting load and power generated from RES based on historical data and current weather data obtained from weather API. The solution proposed in the article allows multiple applications, including optimizing network division points’ locations (which decreases financial costs of modernizing network infrastructure) as well as improving the reconfiguration process, resulting in lower power losses while maintaining voltage requirements.

Data-driven determination of plant growth stages for improved weather index insurance design

PurposeThis paper aims to improve the delimitation of plant growth stages in the context of weather index insurance design. We propose a data-driven phase division that minimizes estimation errors in the weather-yield relationship and investigate whether it can substitute an expert-based determination of plant growth phases. We combine this procedure with various statistical and machine learning estimation methods and compare their performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing the example of winter barley, we divide the complete growth cycle into four sub-phases based on phenology reports and expert instructions and evaluate all combinations of start and end points of the various growth stages by their estimation errors of the respective yield models. Some of the most commonly used statistical and machine learning methods are employed to model the weather-yield relationship with each selected method we applied.FindingsOur results confirm that the fit of crop-yield models can be improved by disaggregation of the vegetation period. Moreover, we find that the data-driven approach leads to similar division points as the expert-based approach. Regarding the statistical model, in terms of yield model prediction accuracy, Support Vector Machine ranks first and Polynomial Regression last; however, the performance across different methods exhibits only minor differences.Originality/valueThis research addresses the challenge of separating plant growth stages when phenology information is unavailable. Moreover, it evaluates the performance of statistical and machine learning methods in the context of crop yield prediction. The suggested phase-division in conjunction with advanced statistical methods offers promising avenues for improving weather index insurance design.

Right vs. Left colorectal cancer – Where do we draw the line?

PurposeNo consensus on the definition of right and left colorectal cancer (CRC) exists, nor studies offering histological or molecular basis for such categorisation. This study investigated the regional variations in the histological and molecular characteristics of CRCs, with the objective of determining an optimal division point between right and left CRCs. Materials and methodsAn observational study of consecutive patients who underwent CRC resection (1995–2022) at Concord Hospital, Sydney was performed. Clinicopathological data were extracted from a prospective database and seven permutations of right-left divisions considered. Logistic regression tested association between the right-left divisions and pathological characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) analyses determined the discriminative ability of each division to predict 18 pathology characteristics. Results3753 patients underwent a CRC resection (2120 male; mean 69.5yrs [SD12.6]). There was regional variation in tumours with respect to tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), and mutant BRAF (mBRAF). Left-sided tumours were less likely to demonstrate TILs (P < 0.001), be dMMR (P < 0.001), and express mBRAF (P < 0.001). Division at the descending-sigmoid junction yielded highest discriminative abilities: TILs – AUC 0.66, dMMR – AUC 0.76, and mBRAF – AUC 0.73. ConclusionThis is the first study to provide a pathological basis on which right- and left-sided cancers may be defined, and found the optimal division point between the right and left colorectum to be at the descending-sigmoid junction. Further research is needed to determine whether this can facilitate individualised patient management.

The application of real-time indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography in laparoscopic living donor left lateral sectionectomy.

The judgment of the division point of the bile duct has always been one of the difficulties of laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy (LLLS). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence cholangiography during LLLS on the occurrence of biliary complications in both donors and recipients. The optimal dose and injection time of ICG were also investigated. This is a retrospective cohort study. From October 2016 to December 2022, the clinical data of 103 donors who underwent LLLS and relevant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether ICG fluorescence cholangiography was used, they were divided into a non-ICG group (n=46) and an ICG group (n=57). Biliary complications were observed and the optimal dose and injection time of ICG were explored. Three donors in the non-ICG group suffered from bile leakage. Four grafts had multiple bile duct openings and biliary complications were observed in the relevant recipients who received these grafts in the non-ICG group. Two recipients had bile leakage, and the other two had biliary stenosis. There was no biliary complications both in donors and recipients in the ICG group. The fluorescence intensity of the liver was 108.1±17.6 at a dose of 0.004 mg/kg 90 minutes after injection, significantly weaker than that at 0.05 mg/kg 30 minutes (200.3±17.6, P=0.001) and 90 minutes after injection (140.2±15.4, P=0.001). The fluorescence intensity contrast value at a dose of 0.004 mg/kg was stronger than that at 0.05 mg/kg, both measured 90 minutes after injection (0.098±0.032 vs. 0.078±0.022, P=0.021). ICG fluorescence cholangiography is safe and feasible in LLLS. It reduces biliary complications in both donors and recipients. The optimal ICG dose was 0.004 mg/kg, and 90 minutes after injection was the best observation time. ICG fluorescence cholangiography is recommended for routine use in LLLS.

A Study on the Change of Shape Line of Gradient Cut according to Division of Head Area, Angle and Slice Line

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the change in the shape line according to the division of the head area, angle, and slice line by the gradation cut. Furthermore, this study aimed to provide basic data on haircuts by demonstrating changes in the cut design. Methods: The head was divided into upper and lower parts based on the top point, top golden back point, and back point. The top and bottom of the head were 45° and 75°, respectively. The hair length was based on 5 cm at the nape point. In the slice line, only the top of the head was applied with A, parallel, and V lines. Results: When dividing the head, the volume and vitality increased when the division point was placed on the top. Conversely, when the division point was placed at the bottom, the weight, volume, and sense of expansion increased. Line A had longer hair as it went to the face line, resulting in calmness, thinness, and sharpness. Parallel lines indicated plainness, neatness, and straightness. The V line had shorter hair as it went to the face line, resulting in cuteness, volume, and liveliness. A weight line in common was observed between the gradation cut head angle of 45° and head angle of 75°. The higher the angle, the less smooth the texture was; the more layers, the coarser the texture was. Conclusion: At the time of cutting, combing from the hair root and body position must be accurate to subsequently make the cut line accurate. When selecting an angle, it is recommended to have a high angle where it protrudes and a low angle where it enters. Creating detailed sections during top point and golden point procedures is recommended. Moreover, flat areas including side corner points are expected to improve the completeness of natural cuts by textured by overlapping weight lines.

An Experimental Anatomic CBCT Study on the Correlations Between MB1 and MB2 of the Mesio-Vestibular Root of the Upper First Molars.

This experimental anatomic study aimed to investigate the correlations between the mesio-vestibular canal (MB1) and the second mesio-vestibular canal (MB2) of the mesio-vestibular root of the upper sexts using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. A total of 24 extracted maxillary first molars were collected and subjected to CBCT imaging. The presence, location, and morphology of MB1 and MB2 canals were evaluated using axial, coronal, and sagittal CBCT sections. The interrelation between MB1 and MB2 canals was assessed, including their separate canals, merging, and division points. Among the 24 maxillary first molars examined, 86.5% demonstrated the presence of an MB2 canal in addition to MB1. The MB2 and MB1 were confluent in 80% of the cases with a confluent height of 4,16mm. The mean distance between MB1 and MB2 canals was 1.85mm. This study provides detailed information on the anatomic correlations between MB1 and MB2 canals of the mesio-vestibular root in the upper sexts using CBCT imaging. The high prevalence of MB2 canals suggests their significance in endodontic procedures and emphasizes the importance of thorough exploration and identification during root canal treatment. The knowledge of the location and morphology of these canals can aid in successful endodontic therapy and enhance treatment outcomes.

Comparison of pathologies in patients operated for transverse colon tumor with embryogenic and anatomical insights

Aim: Transverse colon cancers account for only about 10% of all colon cancers. It is generally known that proximal and distal colon tumours have different genetic and biological features. he transverse colon serves as the division point between proximal and distal regions. In this study, transverse colon cancer was classified both embryologically and anatomically, and a comparative analysis was conducted based on pathological results. Method: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent surgery for transverse colon cancer at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between 2019 and 2023. Patients were classified embryologically as proximal and distal, and anatomically as hepatic angle, middle, and splenic angle, and pathological results were compared among these groups. Results: For embryogenic classification in terms of the final pathological staging, Group A had 1 (1.47%) in Stage 1, 32 (47.05%) in Stage 2, 26 (38.23%) in Stage 3, and 9 (13.23%) in Stage 4. Group B had 2 (2.54%) in Stage 1, 29 (50%) in Stage 2, 20 (34.48%) in Stage 3, and 7 (12.06%) in Stage 4. There was no significant difference between the groups. For anatomical classification , the number of patients in Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 for Groups 1, 2, and 3 were as follows: Stage 1: 2 (3.5%), 1 (3.57%), 0 (0%); Stage 2: 29 (50.87%), 17 (60.81%), 15 (37.5%); Stage 3: 20 (35.7%), 7 (25%), 19 (47.5%); Stage 4: 7 (12.28%), 3 (10.71%), 6(15%).There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The pathological results and stages of transverse colon cancers classified embryologically and anatomically showed no significant differences among the groups.

COVID-19, people with disabilities, and the Italian government recovery: investigating the impact and promoting psychological resources to prevent future emergencies.

Given its profound and transversal impact, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 marked a deep point of division in how people make sense of the world and their lives. The consequences of this event were remarkable, especially for populations already facing vulnerability, exclusion, and discrimination. In Italy, over 3 million people (5.2% of the entire population) have a disability due to health issues or severe limitations that prevent them from performing daily activities. Although the COVID-19 health emergency aggravated and amplified these problems, research and studies investigating the incidence of psychological distress and the role of psychological resources for people with disabilities in the aftermath of the pandemic are still to be implemented. For these reasons, the Department of Psychology conducted a study on behalf of the Italian Government to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social, psychological, and economic wellbeing of Italians with disabilities. The aim was to assess the consequences of the pandemic on this population, especially the impacts related to the lockdowns and preventive measures, and to evaluate the protective role that could be played by psychological resources such as resilience, future orientation, and career adaptability in a Life Design perspective. With the collaboration of local, regional, and national associations for people with disability, an anonymous, online self-report questionnaire was distributed to 403 persons with disabilities in Italy. Results showed a strong relationship between the levels of psychological resources and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. In line with studies in international literature regarding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities, this research highlights the extension of this period's impacts on this population's psychological wellbeing. Moreover, this study amplifies the urgent call for action and research in promoting Life Design psychological resources, given their positive and protective role in preserving and increasing people's wellbeing.

Using video-based assessment (VBA) to document fellow improvement in safely completing the jejunojejunostomy portion of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

Surgical assessment instruments are used for formative and summative trainee evaluations. To characterize the features of existing instruments and a novel 12-item objective, procedure-specific assessment tool for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB-OPSA), we evaluated the progress of a single surgical fellow over 17 consecutive surgeries. Seventeen consecutive RYGB videos completed between 8/2021 and 1/2022 by an academic hospital surgical fellow were de-identified and assessed by four board-certified bariatric surgeons using Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS), General Assessment of Surgical Skill (GASS), and RYGB-OPSA which includes the reflection of transverse colon, identification of ligament of Treitz, biliopancreatic and Roux limbs orientation, jejunal division point selection, stapler use, mesentery division, bleeding control, jejunojejunostomy (JJ) anastomotic site selection, apposition of JJ anastomotic site, JJ creation, common enterotomy closure of JJ, and integrity of anastomosis. The GASS measured economy of motion, tissue handling, appreciating operative anatomy, bimanual dexterity, and achievement of hemostasis. RYGB-OPSA and GASS items were scored "poor-unsafe," "acceptable-safe," or "good-safe." Change in performance was measured by linear trendline slope. Over the course of 17 procedures, significant improvement was demonstrated by three GOALS items, GOALS overall score, GASS bimanual dexterity, and three RYGB-OPSA tasks: JJ creation, jejunal division point selection, and stapler use. Achievement of hemostasis declined but never rated "poor-unsafe." Overall RYGB-OPSA and GOALS trendlines documented significant increase across the 17 procedures. This examination of a bariatric surgery fellow's operative training experience as measured by three surgical assessment instruments demonstrated anticipated improvements in general skills and safe completion of procedure-specific tasks. Effective surgical assessment instruments have enough sensitivity to show improvement to enable meaningful trainee feedback (low-stakes assessments) as well as the ability to determine safe surgical practice to enable promotion to greater autonomous practice.

Design Shape of Combining the Uniform Layer Cut and Graduated Cut according to the Length, Head Area Division, and Slice Line

Purpose: This study focused on the combination of uniform layer cut and graduated cut to provide basic data on haircuts by demonstrating design changes according to the hair length, head area division, and slice lines.Methods: The head area was divided into the top golden medium point, golden point, and golden back medium point. The upper part of the head was used for the graduated cut with a head angle of 75°, and the lower part was used for the uniform layer cut with a head angle of 90°. Slice line A, parallel line, and V-line were applied only to the top of the head. The cut was started based on the sites 15, 20, and 25 cm from the nape point.Results: The A line became longer as the hair length reached the face line. Consequently, the face and neck lines were covered, and the weight, volume, and expansion were increased. The V-line became shorter, as the hair length reached the face line. Thus, the face and neck lines are prominent, and the volume feeling is increased because of the curling phenomenon. As the point of the head area division increased, the hair length became shorter, and volume and vitality increased. As the point of the head area division went down, the hair length became longer, and the volume, weight, and expansion increased. A graduated high angle of treatment was formed by the lightness at the bottom and the volume by the weight line at the top. The uniform layer showed a rough texture with rhythm, lightness, and round shape.Conclusion: The top and golden points where the head shape protrudes during cutting should be cut more precisely. The cut line is not slick as the incline is severe. Combing and posture are more important than cutting. When combing once, exercise care when combing from the roots, and during cutting, stand in front of the body while changing the body’s position. This study verified creative haircuts.

Friksi Masyarakat Dalam Inkompabilitas Pemilu Dan Demokrasi Indonesia

General elections began in Indonesia in 1955 and several general elections were held both for the election of members of the legislature and for the election of the President and Vice President and now there are developments with the election of regional heads starting from the provincial level, namely the election of the Governor and Deputy Governor, then in At the district and city levels, there are elections for regents and deputy regents as well as mayors and deputy mayors, right down to the village or hamlet which are directly elected. Today, not a few of us see many contradictions, even to the point of division. General elections as a form of reform should make these differences as unity, not create divisions and ongoing conflict, for example, differences in presidential candidates, starting from the 2014 election until now, there are still divisions that undermine and disturb the unity and integrity of the nation. The motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is just a motto but there is no application of it in the life of the nation and homeland anymore. A few rumors and rumors can undermine the solid building of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The purpose of this writing is to identify and pay attention to how the impacts in society are related to friction in election and democracy incompatibilities and to find smart solutions to these problems.&#x0D; KEYWORDS: Friction, Politics, Elections, Democracy

Assessment of morphometric parameters of middle cerebral artery using CT angiography in a tertiary care hospital.

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) favors secondaries and emboli deposition. Also, with an increase in incidence of MCA aneurysms, majorly at the M1 division point, actual standardized measurement of MCA is necessary. Thus, main aim of the study is assessment of the MCA morphometry using CT Angiography in Indian population. CT cerebral Angiography datasets of 289 patients (180 males and 109 females) were assessed for the MCA morphometry (Average age - 49.29 ± 16.16years, Range- 11 to 85years). The cases involving aneurysms and infarcts were excluded. The total length of MCA, length of M1 segment and diameter were measured and the results were statistically analysed. The mean total length of MCA, length of M1 segment and diameter were 24.02 ± 1.22mm, 14.32 ± 1.27mm, 3.33 ± 0.62mm, respectively. The mean length of M1 segment on the right and left sides was 14.19 ± 1.39mm and 14.44 ± 1.12mm, respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). The mean diameter on the right and left sides was 3.32 ± 0.62mm and 3.33 ± 0.62mm, respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.832). The M1 segment length was maximum in patients over 60years and diameter was maximum in young patients (20-40years). The mean length of M1 segment in early bifurcation (4.4 ± 0.65mm), bifurcation (14.32 ± 1.27mm) and trifurcation (14.15 ± 1.43mm) was also noted. The MCA measurements will be useful for surgeons to minimize errors in handling cases of intracranial aneurysms or infarcts and provide the best possible outcome to the patients.

Sextactic points on the Fermat cubic curve and arrangements of conics

The purpose of this note is to report, in narrative rather than rigorous style, about the nice geometry of 6-division points on the Fermat cubic F and various conics naturally attached to them. Most facts presented here were derived by symbolic algebra programs and the idea of the note is to propose a research direction in the search of conceptual proofs of facts stated here and their generalisations. Extensions in several directions seem possible (taking curves of higher degree and contact to F, studying higher degree curves passing through higher order division points on F, studying curves passing through intersection points of already constructed curves, taking the duals etc.) and we hope some younger colleagues might find pleasure in following proposed paths as well as finding their own.

Modeling of multi-temperature IV and V-type water vapor adsorption isotherms on activated carbons for chemical protection

A static volumetric method measured the water vapor adsorption isotherms on porous activated carbons (AC and ASC-T) at 278.15 K ～ 308.15 K. Because of the difference in surface oxygen-containing functional groups, a Type-V isotherm represented water vapor adsorption on AC, whereas a Type-IV isotherm characterized ASC-T. The applicability of seven classical adsorption equilibrium models was analyzed and compared systemically. Results show that the Dual-sites Langmuir-Freundlich equation had the lowest residual errors (< 6 ml/g). Further, based on the linearization DA equation, a new partitioned segment-fitting strategy was first developed to describe multi-temperature adsorption isotherms. Two sets of the division points (P/P0) and parameters (n) were acquired. For AC and ASC-T, the best division point (P/P0) and parameter (n) were equal to 0.1 and 0.9, 0.2 and 2, respectively. The fitted results of multi-temperature adsorption isotherms show that the R2 values of AC and ASC-T both were bigger than 0.93, showing that the new fitting strategy has very good applicability. It offers the possibility to address the problem of the accurate description for multi-temperature water vapor adsorption data on porous activated carbons.

Glass Composition Analysis and Identification based on Improved Decision Tree Algorithm

Glass is a valuable material evidence of our early trade exchanges, and our glass is mainly divided into high potassium glass and lead-barium glass. The specific types can be distinguished by examining the content of their internal compounds. This paper delineates the broad types of each unknown artefact and then predicts the composition before weathering. Combining the results of existing predicted subclasses as known data, 80% of the data is selected as the training set and 20% as the test set. Suitable node splitting evaluation criteria and feature division point selection criteria were determined, and a glass component analysis and identification model based on an improved decision tree algorithm was established to predict the major unknown artefact types separately and obtain their specific subclasses. The sensitivity analysis of the established identification model is carried out by adjusting the proportion of training data as well as the principal component weights.

Analisis Pengendalian Internal Kas Pada Klinik Mata XYZ Sidoarjo

Internal control is very important for companies, especially in managing cash. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study show that the internal control of cash at the XYZ Sidoarjo Eye Clinic is like what. The results showed that the implementation of the internal control system, especially cash receipts and disbursements carried out by the XYZ Sidoarjo Eye Clinic, was sufficient, according to theory. It's just that at the point of division of tasks and responsibilities there are still multiple functions due to limited human resources so that internal checking is ineffective and also the cash disbursement document has not been numbered sequentially to facilitate evaluation. Companies should carry out control of cash receipts and disbursements in accordance with the principles of internal control of the company

Predictive value of specific cytokines for lethal COVID-19 outcome

In our study, we aimed to evaluate the significance of specific cytokines in blood plasma as predictive markers of COVID-associated mortality. Materials and methods. In plasma samples of 29 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 we measured the concentrations of 47 molecules. These molecules included: interleukins and selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12 (p40), IL-12 (p70), IL 13, IL-15, IL-17A/CTLA8, IL-17-E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-18, IL-22, IL-27, IFN2, IFN, TNF, TNF/Lymphotoxin-(LTA)); chemokines (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1, CCL4/MIP-1, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC, CXCL1/GRO, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, CX3CL1/Fractalkine); anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1Ra, IL-10); growth factors (EGF, FGF-2/FGF-basic, Flt-3 Ligand, G-CSF, M-CSF, GM-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGFAB/BB, TGF, VEGF-A); and sCD40L. We used multiplex analysis based on xMAP technology (Luminex, USA) using Luminex MagPix. As controls, we used plasma samples of 20 healthy individuals. Based on the results, we applied Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and Area Under Curve (AUC) values to compare two different predictive tests and to choose the optimal division point for disease outcome (survivors/non-survivors). To find optimal biomarker combinations, we as used cytokines concentrations as dependent variables to grow a regression tree using JMP 16 Software.Results. Out of 47 studied cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, we picked four pro-inflammatory cytokines as having high significance in evaluation of COVID-19 outcome: IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and IL-18. Based on the results received, we assume that the highest significance in terms of predicting the outcome of acute COVID-19 belongs to IL-6 and IL-18. Conclusion. Analyzing concentrations of IL-6 and IL-18 before administering treatment may prove valuable in terms of outcome prognosis.

Numerical study on flow and heat transfer characteristics of R1233zd(E) cooled in horizontal circular tubes under supercritical pressure

Supercritical organic refrigerants have been widely used in energy conversion and waste heat recovery systems due to their excellent heat transfer characteristics. R1233zd(E), as a fourth-generation environmentally friendly alternative refrigerant, has extensive application prospects. However, there is a lack of research on the heat transfer of supercritical R1233zd(E). In this work, the flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical R1233zd(E) in horizontal cooling tubes, including a mini tube and three ordinary tubes, are numerically simulated. In the simulation, not only the wall thickness but also the temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of the tube wall material are considered. The simulated results indicate that the specific heat capacity distributions determine that the peak of the overall heat transfer coefficients appears at a temperature higher than the pseudo-critical temperature. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical R1233zd(E) in different tubes, especially in the mini tube, are different. The applicability of three typical buoyancy criteria to this study is discussed, and the results show that two of three typical buoyancy criteria can be used to predict the buoyancy effect of supercritical R1233zd(E) in this study, but the thresholds of mini tube and ordinary tubes are different. Finally, a new heat transfer correlation is developed for supercritical R1233zd(E) by using the piecewise fitting method with pseudo-critical temperature as the point of division. The average relative deviation of the correlation is 0.57 % and the root mean square deviation is 0.87 %.

Study of specific aspects of calculating the throughput of freight trains on two-track railway sections with mixed traffiс

The article shows a study of the influence of the high-speed train “Afrasiab” on the throughput of stations, which was determined by analyzing the change in the coefficient of displacement of freight trains from the schedule when high-speed trains “Afrasiab” pass to the sections of JSC “Uzbekiston temir yullari”. In addition, the article discusses in detail the issues of reducing the interval of arrival of freight and high-speed passenger trains at the points of division in a row and increasing the maximum number of freight trains that can pass through the section based on the connection technology of high-speed passenger trains.