Safety Division Research Articles

Process Safety Division News

Process Safety Division News

Status of the Process Safety Division Newsletter

Status of the Process Safety Division Newsletter

CRITERIA FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF SAFETY IN SPORTS

Safety management in sports is an extremely important process, which, in addition to looking at the development and reach within sports, also requires continuous monitoring of current situation and changes in society. This mainly refers to those that can have undesirable effects on certain segments of sport or sport as a whole. It is evident that there are numerous classifications of safety in sports according to the criteria of observation. Thus, in accordance with the segment of management in sports, we talk about the safety of sports organizations, facilities and events. In relation to the structure of the theory of sport, the safety of the performers of the sport, the safety during the process in the sport and the conditions of the realization of the sport are recognized. However, it is necessary to emphasize the "basic" division of safety in sports in relation to the origin of risk. According to this criterion, the elementary, one could say the essential division of safety in sports, recognizes unwanted events whose causes are related to specific sports engagement, and "external" ones, for which sports represent a favorable environment for achieving nonsporting goals.

Mechanism of Anti-seizure Medications and Emerging Trends in Epilepsy Treatment

Review Mechanism of Anti-seizure Medications and Emerging Trends in Epilepsy Treatment Zubin Singh Rana 1, Reena Suman 1, Shobi Veleri 2, and Pradeep Punnakkal 1, * 1 Department of Biophysics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh, 160012, India 2 Drug Safety Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India. * Correspondence: p.pradeep@pgimer.edu.in Received: 28 November 2022 Accepted: 24 January 2023 Abstract: About one percent of the world’s population is affected by epilepsy. Epilepsy-induced psychiatric co-morbidity and mortality impose a huge burden on patients, their families, and society. Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are drugs used to control seizures in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy constitutes a spectrum of disorders, with various underlying causes. Hence, finding the right drug to control seizures with minimal side effects is a difficult task for clinicians. Besides controlling seizures, many ASMs have off-target effects that result in unwanted side effects. Compared to first and second-generation drugs, third-generation drugs have shown better tolerance. Even though the target of many ASMs is known, their mechanism of action is not well understood. The main mechanism behind epilepsy is defined as an imbalance in the excitatory-to-inhibitory ratio in neurotransmission. So, the key target of ASMs is the ion channels controlling the intrinsic property of neurons like sodium channels, potassium channels, and calcium channels, the excitatory synaptic transmission via glutamate receptors, and the inhibitory synaptic transmission by GABA receptors. Here we review the role of ion channels in epilepsy, and how the ASMs act on them for seizure control.

Fostering an Enabling Environment for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture and Food Systems in Nigeria.

Although recommendations exist for making agriculture and food systems nutrition sensitive, guidance about how to successfully operationalize these recommendations within national institutions is limited. Over the 13 years from 2010 to 2023, there were several undertakings to strengthen the enabling environment for sustainable nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) and food systems in Nigeria. Some studies were also conducted over the period to foster better understanding of the national enabling environment and facilitate effective actions. This article documents successes and failures from Nigeria's experiences by reflecting on critical developments, events, policies, and programmes on Nigeria's journey toward advancing nutrition through agriculture and food systems; as well as findings from conducted studies. Successes include the existence of a Nutrition and Food Safety Division in the Ministry of Agriculture and an approval for a Nutrition Department, existence of an agriculture sector nutrition strategy, increased private sector engagement and commitment to nutrition-sensitive food systems, and increased funding for nutrition in the agriculture sector. Challenges especially remain for scaling up strategic, operational, and delivery capacity of both organizations and individuals involved in advancing NSA and food systems. Lessons learned include-institutionalizing NSA and food systems takes time; knowledge brokering is indispensable and requires several collaborating entities and stakeholders; and approaches used should be suited to available government capacity. More than a decade of efforts targeting different enabling environment factors has resulted in greater political commitment for nutrition within the agriculture sector and an improved enabling environment for NSA and food systems.

Epidemiological Profile of traumatic spinal cord injuries in the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan

Introduction: The number of traumatic spinal cord injuries associated with a fracture is on rise which is compounded by rise in number of motor vehicle accidents in the country. The aim of the study was to assess frequency, cause, pattern, and demographic profile of traumatic spinal cord injuries in the Bhutanese population. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at National Referral Hospital from 2018 to 2020. Hospital records of patients, treated for traumatic spinal cord injury were reviewed. Results: Of the total of 100 patients with traumatic spinal injury admitted during study period, there were 69 males (69%) and 31 females (31%). The mean age was 44.18 years (±16.625 SD). Falls (61%) was most common cause of spine injury followed by road traffic accident (27%). Lumbar spine injury was most common (42%) followed by cervical spine (31%) and thoracic spine (23%) injuries. Of 100 patients with spinal injury 63 patients did not have associated cord injuries while 37% of patients had associated spinal cord injuries and of those with spinal injuries, 20% of them had complete spinal cord injury (SCI) and 17% had incomplete SCI. Regarding treatment, 42% of spine injury patients underwent surgical procedures while 58% were managed conservatively. The mean length of hospital stay after spinal injury was 6.62 days (± 26.06 SD, range 1-215). Conclusions: The study found that most common cause of spine and associated cord injuries were falls followed by road traffic accidents. By collaborating with traffic and road safety division, our study findings have potential to significantly reduce road traffic accidents and enhance preventive measures. Additionally, we can provide valuable education to families regarding rehabilitation and social support, ultimately leading to improved outcomes and better quality of life for individuals living with spinal cord injuries.

범죄예방진단팀(CPO)의 CPTED 전략과 실태에 대한 인식 연구

There has been growing anxiety that anyone can be a victim of crime in various places, and related administrative agencies are proposing new policy in line with the civil society’s demand for crime prevention. On June 1, 2016, the National Police Agency organized a Crime Prevention Officer (CPO) at 140 nationwide priority(1급지) police stations and disclosed its active will to perform full-scale crime prevention tasks. The definition of the CPO is police officer who performs functions such as diagnosing, analyzing the crime environment and crime occurrence factors in Si/Gun/Gu or Eup/Myeon/Dong level, strengthening cooperation with other institutions and residents, and strengthening the promotion of commission activities and crime prevention activities for victims of crime. At present, CPO works in the field by applying the CPTED strategy, such as analyzing crime hot spots, diagnosing risk factors, and installing necessary crime prevention facilities which can be said to mean CPTED personnel. In this study, in order to research the perception of CPO’s that have an important role in the CPTED project, a survey was conducted on CPO’s in Seoul Metropolitan Police Safety Division. As a result of the study analysis, the question of the need for systematic education of CPO was most positive, and the most important parts of CPO professional education were sharing the actual case and crime prevention/CPTED theory education by an expert. In addition, it was confirmed that the more people think that the CPTED project affects the trust of the police, the more positive they are aware of the core elements of the CPTED project, the effectiveness of target hardening, and the need for education of CPO. Based on these findings, the above study presented and emphasized the future development plan of CPO and the importance of CPTED projects by confirming the effectiveness and key elements of CPTED projects and the importance of CPO. This is meaningful as basic data for CPO's perception survey, and additional research and support should be continued so that CPO can do its role as an expert responsible for the people's safety of life.

QGIS Application for Spatial and Temporal Visualisation of Data for Food Safety Audits in Malaysia

Introduction: Advancement in digital technology opens new doors for food safety auditors when it comes to performing food safety audits. Surge of Covid cases since year 2020 has seen an unprecedented switch to remote auditing by the Food Safety and Quality Programme under the arm of Ministry of Health in Malaysia. Methods: This paper presents the use of QGIS, an open-source cross-platform for geographic information system (GIS) to store, manage and visualise 2 types of data, i.e. real time data collected via a mobile device using QField, an open-source mobile application and also fixed data retrieved from existing database. New data from obtained from field sampling and surveillance presents updated information for food safety auditing and enforcement purposes. A total of 4972 datasets were obtained from the Ministry of Health’s Food Safety and Quality Division database on food factories from all 13 states and 3 federal territories in Malaysia. These datasets were transformed and stored into QGIS point layer for performing data classification analysis on clustering of HACCP, GMP and MeSTI certifications. Results: The Penang state has the most HACCP certified companies in fish and fish product category, Selangor is the highest for confectionery industry and Sabah for food services. The general output of mobile GIS provides a big picture of distribution of food safety certifications in Malaysia while more specific adoption of QField can assist in effective field work planning for enforcement officers and auditors leading to cost calculation via information on location, distance and time. Conclusion: QGIS application for spatial and temporal visualisation of data benefits the food safety auditing in Malaysia.

PROSEDUR STANDARD PEMANTAUAN PERNIAGAAN MAKANAN SECARA DALAM TALIAN SEMASA PANDEMIK COVID-19

Clean, safe, and quality are the basis of food safety that must be prioritised by everyone, whether they are entrepreneurs, operators, promoters, food senders, or consumers. Each party involved is a key entity in the food chain aimed at ensuring food security in Malaysia can be strengthened over time. However, the question remains, who is responsible for monitoring food safety, especially involving the sale of online food products, specifically in Kedah. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge of various food products sold online. Thus, this study presents the following two objectives in tracing the issue. First, to examine the concept and procedures of monitoring, and second, to analyse the monitoring procedures of the online food business by the responsible enforcement authorities. This research uses a qualitative method by implementing a literature review and semi-structured interviews for data collection and research facts. The data analysis method is based on textual and document analysis of data obtained from library documents and conducted interviews. The study's preliminary findings obtained monitoring procedures on online food sales and business during the Covid-19 pandemic implemented by the Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, gazetted in April 2020. The implications of this study are refined to highlight to the public the real role of enforcement authorities, such as the Ministry of Health Malaysia in general and the Kedah State Health Department in particular, which involves the monitoring of food chain safety procedures at the federal and state levels during Covid-19 pandemic era.

An approach to classify distraction driver detection system by using mining techniques

According to the motor vehicle safety division, over the past 5-10 years, usage of motor vehicles has rapidly increased, in that specifical usage of cars has grown tremendously. The major contribution of this paper is a systematic evaluation of the scholarly literature on driver distraction detection techniques. Our driver distraction detection framework offers a systematic overview of evaluated methodologies for detecting driver attention. So, we need to develop a model that classifies each driver's behaviour and determines its corresponding class name. To overcome this dispute, we have attained an appreciable number of deep learning algorithms on the dataset like convolutional neural network (CNN) and VGG16 to detect what the driver is doing in the car as given in the driver images. This process can be done by predicting the likelihood of the driver's actions in each picture. Of all models, we distinguished that the VGG16 Algorithm has conquered CNN with a loss of 0.298 and an Accuracy of 91.7%.

Process of Large Vehicle Driver Admission

The purpose of this study is to find out how the process of accepting large vehicle drivers is, to find out the obstacles in the process of accepting large vehicle drivers and to find solutions to the problems of the large vehicle driver acceptance process. The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative which aims to describe the conditions and analyze the process of accepting large vehicle drivers. In this study, data relating to the author's study are sourced from library studies, field studies, and documentation techniques. The results of the study of the Large Vehicle Driver Acceptance Process are as follows: the company has carried out a large vehicle driver acceptance process through several stages starting from filling out the driver acceptance form and interviewing the HRD section, health checks at the clinic, conducting driver tests, participating in devensive driving training, and finally HRD decides whether to accept the driver candidate or not. Constraints experienced by the company in the process of accepting drivers of large vehicles caused by the unavailability of a special room for psychological tests and tests of knowledge of traffic signs. The next obstacle is the limited source of doctors to operate in the company which results in the length of treatment for patients or prospective drivers who will take a health test, besides that there are obstacles in the occupational health and safety division, namely the working computer facilities for devensive driving training which are very minimal. The solution taken by the company from the above constraints is that the company will create a special room for test activities carried out by the HRD section in conducting a new driver acceptance test and adding medical experts, and the company must add a computer or laptop device.

Incidence of Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Pahang, Malaysia, for Six-Year, from 2013 to 2018

The Food Safety and Quality Division (FSQD) in Malaysia is the competent authority tasked with ensuring food safety throughout the food supply chain within the country. Despite implementing various regulations toward improving food hygiene standards in Malaysia, outbreaks of food poisoning cases continued to occur in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was designed to explore the occurrence of food poisoning incidents in Malaysia, within the Pahang state, from 2013 to 2018 via both reported passive case detection (PCD) and active case detection (ACD) food poisoning incidents. Upon detecting all the food poisoning cases using both PCD and ACD, the people identified to have suffered from food poisoning underwent a structured interview for investigators to elicit all relevant information about the food poisoning incident. Results showed that in Pahang, the number of reported episodes fluctuated from 2013 until 2018, with an average of 21 food poisoning episodes occurring yearly, reaching a maximum in August and a minimum in May. Furthermore, Kuantan, being the state capital, had reported an exceptionally high total number of reported incidents of food poisoning with a total of 48 episodes over six years from 2013 to 2018, while Kuala Lipis had only one incident reported during the same period (which was reported in 2016). Finally, this study concluded that adequate measures must always be taken to minimise the occurrence of food poisoning, especially when preparing foods in large quantities.

Evaluation of the Globally Harmonized System Implementation in the Occupational Safety Division of the Manpower and Transmigration Department Surabaya

Introduction: The number of chemicals is increasing every year. Laboratories record work accidents because there are several chemicals that are not labeled and unidentified but are stored in an inappropriate place. The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) is a Global System for standardizing criteria and harmonizing hazard classification systems, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) and Labeling. This research aims to assess and evaluate the implementation of the GHS at the Occupational Safety Division of the Manpower and Transmigration Department Surabaya. Methods: This research was a descriptive observational study. Data were collected by assessing 80 types of chemicals through assessment sheets and an interview with the analyst supervisor, who had responsibility and authority in the application of the GHS. This research aims to apply the GHS with hazard classification variables, SDS availability and suitability, and labelling availability and suitability. Results: The results showed that the implementation of the GHS at the Occupational Safety Division of the Manpower and Transmigration Department Surabaya was 66.67%, categorized as good, with a good availability and suitability assessment of SDSs of 91%, and a good availability and appropriateness assessment of labelling of 98.1%. Conclusion: The results showed that the Occupational Safety Division of the Manpower and Transmigration Department Surabaya has been very good at implementing the GHS, but some points must be made to maintain and improve the application of the GHS as an effort to prevent accidents with hazard communication.

Portable Construction Maps (PCM) using location fingerprint positioning algorithm for construction worker safety

The existence of a work from home policy does not seem to have a substantial impact on construction workers. Cases of work accidents on infrastructure projects during the Covid-19 pandemic experienced a significant increase. As reported by BPJamsostek data that the number of work accident insurance claims in the first semester (January-June) 2020 reached 108,573 cases. An increase of 128% over the same period in the previous year. One of the steps from the construction side to minimize the occurrence of work accidents is by marking dangerous locations or limiting them with a yellow line. The supervision is carried out by the Occupational Health and Safety division which supervises every worker by using hearing and sight senses. However, this supervision is deemed less effective and efficient considering the number of work accidents that continue to increase over time. Therefore, a worker location monitoring system based on An indoor positioning system called Portable Construction Maps (PCM) Using Location Fingerprint Positioning Algorithm for Construction Worker Safety was developed. The development of this system uses the algorithm Location Fingerprint as a method for estimating the location of workers in a construction building. Each worker will bring a device called the Worker Tag, in which there is a microcontroller (Espressif 32) with WiFi and Bluetooth module, which is used to capture wifi and bluetooth signals and calculate the Received signal strength indication(RSSI) which will be sent to the server to be processed using the location fingerprint algorithm. In addition, in the worker tag there is also a Passive Buzzer that is used to alert workers if they enter a dangerous area.

Regulatory policies for heavy metals in spices – a New York approach

The New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSAGM) Division of Food Safety and Inspection (NYSAGM-FSI), observed high levels of heavy metals in spices through its routine food surveillance program. There are no federal action levels for heavy metals in spices. In consultation with the NYSAGM Food Laboratory (NYSAGM-FL) and using results from a devised targeted sampling plan, NYSAGM-FSI instituted a State Class II action level of 1 ppm for Pb, arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) and a State Class I action level of 25 ppm for Pb in spices. In 2018, NYSAGM and the New York State Department of Health’s Bureau of Toxic Substance Assessment (NYSDOH-BTSA) created the Center of Excellence on Food Research to determine actionable limits of contaminants commonly found in spices, particularly heavy metals. NYSDOH-BTSA performed an assessment of relevant literature published and derived health-based guidance values for As, Cd, chromium (Cr), and Pb in spices. Consequently, NYSAGM lowered the State’s Class II action levels for Pb, As and Cd in spices by a factor of almost 5 times and is the first State in the nation to establish action levels for heavy metals in spices providing better protection to New York State consumers. https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v10i1ishida

Collaborations advance ACS chemical safety programs

Many of us in the safety community say, “Safety is no accident,” and, “Safety is an active verb.” The members of the American Chemical Society Committee on Chemical Safety (CCS) and the Division of Chemical Health and Safety (CHAS) are exemplars of the commitment to the core ACS value of safety. We are passionate about safety. We care and want everyone to care about safety as much as we do. This cadre of dedicated safety professionals, chemistry educators, researchers, and ACS staff has been actively collaborating, developing, and producing authoritative safety resources for the community. The Committee on Chemical Safety has been a catalyst and promoter of this work, which not only benefits ACS and its members but also extends to the wider chemical enterprise. The guideposts of the CCS are stated in its strategic plan. Its mission is to provide collaborative leadership and resources to advance chemical safety. Its

For director-at-large: Lee M. Latimer

California Section. Consultant, LHLatimer Consulting, Oakland, California. Academic record: Tulane University, BS, chemistry, 1971; University of Wisconsin, PhD, organic chemistry, 1976; University of California, Berkeley, postdoctoral research in organic chemistry, 1976–77; University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, postdoctoral research in organic chemistry, 1977–79. Honors: ACS Division of Chemical Health and Safety, Howard Fawcett Chemical Health Award, 2016; ACS Santa Clara Valley Section, Shirley B. Radding Award, 2014; ACS Fellow, 2012; ACS California Section, Walter B. Petersen Award, 2010; ACS Rochester Section, Rochester Section Award, 1991; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Chemical Sciences Excellence Award, 2009; Kodak Research Labs, Gold Team Achievement Award, 1992; National Institutes of Health, Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1977–79; Phi Beta Kappa, 1971; Sigma Xi, 1971. Professional positions (for past 10 years): LHLatimer Consulting, drug development consultant, 2011–; NeurOp, head of chemistry, 2014–16; Elan Pharmaceuticals, 1995–2011, senior director of process and analytical chemistry, 2005–11, chemical hygiene officer, 2004–10; San Francisco State University,

Evaluation of ANSI Z535 Safety Sign Installation

A safety sign is a sign of equipment to provide protection for workers or visitors in the workplace. American National Standards Institute Z535 (ANSI Z535) is used as a basic guideline for installing safety signs in the workplace because it is more communicative by using global symbols to overcome language barriers. Occupational Safety Division of Manpower and Transmigration Departement, East Java Province (UPT Keselamatan Kerja Surabaya) is a workplace that has a risk of occupational accidents. The preliminary surveys in the area of the 3rd floor of the Division of Occupational Safety (UPT Keselamatan Kerja) Surabaya revealed that there were many sites with insufficient safety signboards. Many of the installed safety signs did not comply with ANZI Z535 standards. This study aimed to evaluate the installation of safety signs compared to the ANZI Z535 standard on the 3rd floor of UPT K2 Surabaya. This was an observational study examining the installation of safety signs. The data were obtained using the ANSI Z535 safety sign checklist. We found 2 out of 5 types of safety signs were in accordance with ANSI safety sign standards with a comparison percentage of more than 66%, such as the notice sign (67.85%) and safety condition sign (75%). Three other types of safety signs were in the unfavorable category with a percentage of less than 66%, such as danger sign (65.63%), warning sign (50%), and caution sign (46.88%). Some sites required additional safety signs, such as warning signs (at distillation site), caution signs (oven, stairs), notice signs (cylinder storage, elevator, chemical warehouse), and safety condition signs (stair, eyewash).

A negotiation‐based right‐of‐way assignment strategy to ensure traffic safety and efficiency in lane changes

It is widely acknowledged that verifying the safety of autonomous driving strategies requires a substantial body of simulation testing and road testing. In recent years, the formal safety methods represented by Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) have encouraged low-cost autonomous driving safety research, benefitting from its accurate assessment of safety and clear division of responsibilities. However, how to maintain traffic efficiency while ensuring safety remains a challenge. To address this problem, this paper proposes a formulized negotiation-based lane-changing strategy that makes a trade-off between safety and efficiency. Both theoretical analysis and numerical experimental results shows that compared to RSS, our strategy can noticeably improve the success rate of changing lanes on the premise of safety.

Erratum to: Occupational health and safety division of responsibility: A conceptual model for the implementation of the OHSAS 18001:2007 standard

Erratum to: Occupational health and safety division of responsibility: A conceptual model for the implementation of the OHSAS 18001:2007 standard