Division Of Neuroscience Research Articles

TRPM7 Regulates Cell Adhesion by Controlling the Calcium-dependent Protease Calpain

m-Calpain is a protease implicated in the control of cell adhesion through focal adhesion disassembly. The mechanism by which the enzyme is spatially and temporally controlled is not well understood, particularly because the dependence of calpain on calcium exceeds the submicromolar concentrations normally observed in cells. Here we show that the channel kinase TRPM7 localizes to peripheral adhesion complexes with m-calpain, where it regulates cell adhesion by controlling the activity of the protease. Our research revealed that overexpression of TRPM7 in cells caused cell rounding with a concomitant loss of cell adhesion that is dependent upon the channel of the protein but not its kinase activities. Knockdown of m-calpain blocked TRPM7-induced cell rounding and cell detachment. Silencing of TRPM7 by RNA interference, however, strengthened cell adhesion and increased the number of peripheral adhesion complexes in the cells. Together, our results suggest that the ion channel TRPM7 regulates cell adhesion through m-calpain by mediating the local influx of calcium into peripheral adhesion complexes.

Serotonin and Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Comorbid Depression and Alcoholism

The American Journal on AddictionsVolume 15, Issue 2 p. 198-198 Serotonin and Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Comorbid Depression and Alcoholism Sher Sher MD, Corresponding Author Sher Sher MD Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NYAddress correspondence to Dr. Leo Sher, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 2917, Box 42, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this author Sher Sher MD, Corresponding Author Sher Sher MD Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NYAddress correspondence to Dr. Leo Sher, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 2917, Box 42, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: [email protected].Search for more papers by this author First published: 18 February 2010 https://doi.org/10.1080/10550490500528779Citations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume15, Issue2March‐April 2006Pages 198-198 RelatedInformation

Preparation of speech materials for testing auditory processing in learning disabilities

Address: 1Clinical Psychoacoustics Laboratory, 3rd Psychiatric Department, Neuroscience Division, Medical Sch, Neuroscience division, AHEPA University Hospital, Greece, 2Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, USA, 3Audiological Laboratory, Otorhinolaryngology Department, Ahepa Hospital, Greece, 4School of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Kent State University, USA and 5Clinical Psychoacoustics Laboratory, 3rd Psychiatric Department, Neuroscience Division, Medical Scho, Greece * Corresponding author

Sudden deafness

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Correspondence to Professor Adolfo Bronstein, MD, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Clinical Neuro-otology and Consultant Neurologist, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health (Neuro-otology), Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK E-mail: [email protected]

Fetal cardiovascular response to hypoxemia is dependent upon gestational age in rhesus monkeys

TATIONAL AGE IN RHESUS MONKEYS JORGE TOLOSA, JUHA RASANEN, ELIOT SPINDEL, JOHN FANTON, LEONARDO PEREIRA, PATRICIA ROBERTSON, MICHAEL GRAVETT, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Maternal Fetal Medicine, Portland, Oregon, University of Oulu, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu, Finland, OHSU, Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Division of Neuroscience, Beaverton, Oregon, OHSU, ONPRC, Surgery Svs, Beaverton, Oregon, OHSU, ONPRC, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Portland, Oregon OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that cardiovascular responses to hypoxemia change with advancing gestation and demonstrate the value of a unique animal model using non-human primates. STUDY DESIGN: Rhesus macaques with timed gestations underwent Doppler ultrasonographic examination at 91 (n=2) gestational days (term is 165 days), at 104 (n=1) days and at 140 (n=1) days of gestation while sedated with continuous rate infusion ketamine (400-500 mcg/kg/min). Fetal cardiovascular hemodynamics were evaluated (Voluson 730 Expert, GE Healthcare, USA) prior to and during fetal hypoxemia which was induced by decreasing maternal inhaled oxygen content; (gas mixture was approximately 70% oxygen and 30% helium) to achieve a pulse oximetry of 80% saturation. RESULTS: Umbilical artery, right pulmonary artery (RPA), middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI) values all decreased with advancing gestation. The ductus venosus and inferior vena cava PI values did not show a similar trend. During hypoxemia, fetal cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters remained unchanged at 91 and 104 gestational days. However, at 140 days fetal hypoxemia led to a 3-fold increase in RPA PI values when compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: Rhesus macaque fetuses demonstrated changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics similar to human fetuses with advancing gestational age. At 140 days of gestation, fetal pulmonary artery vascular impedance increased in response to hypoxemia. (Supported by NIH grants AI42490 and HD/HL37131).

Neuropsychology/Language/Behavior: Adult

Neuropsychology/Language/Behavior: Adult

Alcohol Use Patterns Correlated to Body Mass Index

Mounting evidence over the last 40 years clearly indicates that alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is a disorder of the brain. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has taken significant steps to advance research into the neuroscience of alcohol. The Division of Neuroscience and Behavior (DNB) was formed within NIAAA in 2002 to oversee, fund, and direct all research areas that examine the effects of alcohol on the brain, the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence, the neuroadaptations resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, advanced behavioral models of the various stages of the addiction cycle, and preclinical medications development. This research portfolio has produced important discoveries in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of alcohol abuse and dependence. Several of these salient discoveries are highlighted and future areas of neuroscience research on alcohol are presented.

Magnetic brain stimulation can improve clinical outcome in incomplete spinal cord injured patients.

Preliminary longitudinal clinical trial. To test the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in modulating corticospinal inhibition and improving recovery in stable incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Bucks, UK and Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK. Four stable iSCI patients were treated with rTMS over the occipital cortex (sham treatment) and then over the motor cortex (real treatment). Patients were assessed using electrophysiological, clinical and functional measures before treatment, during sham treatment, during the therapeutic treatment and during a 3-week follow-up period. Cortical inhibition was reduced during the treatment week. Perceptual threshold to electrical stimulation of the skin, ASIA clinical measures of motor and sensory function and time to complete a peg-board improved and remained improved into the follow-up period. In this preliminary trial, rTMS has been shown to alter cortical inhibition in iSCI and improve the clinical and functional outcome. This work was supported by the International Spinal Research Trust.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: some recent advances

Academic Department of Neuro-otology, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK Correspondence to Prof A.M. Bronstein, Academic Department of Neuro-otology, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, UK. Fax: +44 020 8846 7577; e-mail: [email protected] Abbreviations BPPV: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo CNS: central nervous system DBN: downbeat nystagmus

Structural biology and structural genomics/proteomics.

The Journal of Peptide ResearchVolume 60, Issue 6 p. 307-311 Structural Biology and Structural Genomics/Proteomics M. Cascio, M. Cascio University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorR. S. Rapaka, R. S. Rapaka NIDA, Symposium ChairSearch for more papers by this author M. Cascio, M. Cascio University of Pittsburgh School of MedicineSearch for more papers by this authorR. S. Rapaka, R. S. Rapaka NIDA, Symposium ChairSearch for more papers by this author First published: 08 December 2008 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3011.2002.21071.xCitations: 6 Rao S. Rapaka National Institute on Drug Abuse Division of Neuroscience and Behavioural Research 6001 Executive Blvd, Room 4282, MSC 9555 Bethesda, MD 20892-9555 USA rrapaka@nida.nih.gov Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume60, Issue6December 2002Pages 307-311 RelatedInformation

Families, health, and behavior: A section of the commissioned report by the Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice, and Policy Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health and Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.

Families, health, and behavior: A section of the commissioned report by the Committee on Health and Behavior: Research, Practice, and Policy Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health and Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences.

Superior temporal gyrus volume abnormalities and thought disorder in left-handed schizophrenic men.

Studies of schizophrenia have not clearly defined handedness as a differentiating variable. Moreover, the relationship between thought disorder and anatomical anomalies has not been studied extensively in left-handed schizophrenic men. The twofold purpose of this study was to investigate gray matter volumes in the superior temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe (left and right hemispheres) in left-handed schizophrenic men and left-handed comparison men, in order to determine whether thought disorder in the left-handed schizophrenic men correlated with tissue volume abnormalities. Left-handed male patients (N = 8) with DSM-III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia were compared with left-handed comparison men (N = 10) matched for age, socioeconomic status, and IQ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 1.5-T magnet was used to obtain scans, which consisted of contiguous 1.5-mm slices of the whole brain. MRI analyses (as previously defined by the authors) included the anterior, posterior, and total superior temporal gyrus in both the left and right hemispheres. There were three significant findings regarding the left-handed schizophrenic men: 1) bilaterally smaller gray matter volumes in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (16% smaller on the right, 15% smaller on the left); 2) a smaller volume on the right side of the total superior temporal gyrus; and 3) a positive correlation between thought disorder and tissue volume in the right anterior superior temporal gyrus. These results suggest that expression of brain pathology differs between left-handed and right-handed schizophrenic men and that the pathology is related to cognitive disturbance.

Subgenual cingulate cortex volume in first-episode psychosis.

Gray matter volume and glucose utilization have been reported to be reduced in the left subgenual cingulate of subjects with familial bipolar or unipolar depression. It is unclear whether these findings are secondary to recurrent illness or are part of a familial/genetic syndrome. The authors' goal was to clarify these findings. Volumetric analyses were performed by using magnetic resonance imaging in 41 patients experiencing their first episode of affective disorder or schizophrenia and in 20 normal comparison subjects. The left subgenual cingulate volume of the patients with affective disorder who had a family history of affective disorder was smaller than that of patients with affective disorder with no family history of the illness and the normal comparison subjects. Patients with schizophrenia did not differ from comparison subjects in left subgenual cingulate volume. Left subgenual cingulate abnormalities are present at first hospitalization for psychotic affective disorder in patients who have a family history of affective disorder.

Book Review Pathways of Addiction: Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research. By the Committee on Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research, Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996, 310 pgs.

Book Review Pathways of Addiction: Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research. By the Committee on Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research, Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Health, Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996, 310 pgs.

Localization and modulation of rhythmogenic locomotor network in the mudpuppy (Necturus maculatus).

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 860, Issue 1 p. 480-482 Localization and Modulation of Rhythmogenic Locomotor Network in the Mudpuppy (Necturus maculatus) K. JOVANOVIĆ, Corresponding Author K. JOVANOVIĆ Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJ. CHENG, J. CHENG Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2Search for more papers by this authorK. YOSHIDA, K. YOSHIDA Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2Search for more papers by this authorR. B. STEIN, R. B. STEIN Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2Search for more papers by this author K. JOVANOVIĆ, Corresponding Author K. JOVANOVIĆ Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJ. CHENG, J. CHENG Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2Search for more papers by this authorK. YOSHIDA, K. YOSHIDA Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2Search for more papers by this authorR. B. STEIN, R. B. STEIN Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 513 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2Search for more papers by this author First published: 07 February 2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09082.xCitations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume860, Issue1NEURONAL MECHANISMS FOR GENERATING LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITYNovember 1998Pages 480-482 RelatedInformation

EFFECTS OF AMPA/KA RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ON D1 AND D2-LIKE DA RECEPTOR MEDIATED EFFECTS IN NAS CORE AND SHELL

Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Division of Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada

Pathways of Addiction

Candler Professor and Chief, Neuroscience Division; Yerkes Primate Research Center; Emory University; Atlanta, Georgia

Announcements

Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland Madrid, 26–27 November 1998. Joint Symposium between the Spanish Anatomical Society and the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland on morphogenetic and genetic analysis of vertebrate development. Winter meeting, 5–7 January 1999. This will be held at the University of Leeds and will include a one and a half day symposium on ‘Structure and function of molecular motors’. Further information can be obtained from Dr Roger Soames, Centre for Human Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT. Summer meeting, 13–15 July 1999. This will be held in Glasgow. The title of the Symposium will be announced later. Summer meeting, 24–26 July 2000. This will be held at the University of Cambridge. Research Studentships Grant funding is available for Research Studentships in the anatomical sciences, commencing October 1999. Project applications are invited from Society Members who hold academic positions in Departments of Anatomical and related Sciences in the UK and Ireland.Further particulars and application forms are available from Dr D. J. Watt, Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP (e‐mail: d.watt@cxwms.ac.uk). The closing date for applications is 9 October 1998.

Emotional Development: The Organization of Emotional Life in the Early Years

Personality and Emotional Program Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Sciences Research Branch, Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science National Institute of Mental Health Rockville, Maryland

Ethnography and Sociocultural Processes: Introductory Comments

O ~n October 30-31, 1995, the Behavioral, Cognitive, and Social Sciences Research Branch of the Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), convened a workshop entitled Ethnography and the Illumination of Sociocultural Processes. The workshop was one of a series of scholarly events designed to highlight the importance of basic research on the relationship of social and cultural processes to mental health and well-being. More specifically, it emerged from an ongoing effort to revitalize the Sociocultural and Environmental Processes Program within the branch. That program, focusing on the influences of culture and social context on behavior, represents part of the broad research agenda on social influences on behavior that was seriously curtailed at the national level during the 1980s. One of the consequences of this history was the de-emphasizing of the ethnographic method(s) as a valid and valued means of understanding behavior. Indeed, many of the workshop participants in this workshop had been funded by NIMH during the 1960s and 1970s, when its research and training support of anthropology and anthropologists was considerable. The present workshop was intended to signal a more responsive concern to the field, however, and stemmed from a variety of forces inside the behavioral sciences and out. We believe that there are a number of forces within the behavioral sciences that increase the perceived contribution of ethnography to behavioral science. First, there are an increasing number of criticisms of the limited contribution of a decontextualized approach to understanding human behavior (Bronfenbrenner 1979; Sarason 1981; Schweder 1991), a perspective characteristic of the methodological traditions of psychology in particular. This critique is undergirded by the evolution of contextualist philosophies of science that support the investigation of behavior as culture and context-dependent (Cronbach 1986; Riger 1992; Rosnow and Georgoudi 1986). In addition, the exclusive reliance on quantitative