Divided City Research Articles

School Climate and the Work Attitude of Senior High School Teachers of Panabo City Division

School Climate and the Work Attitude of Senior High School Teachers of Panabo City Division

Learning Engagement amidst the New Normal Education: Perspective of Teachers in Panabo City Division

Learning Engagement amidst the New Normal Education: Perspective of Teachers in Panabo City Division

Gender Role and Supervisory Styles of Public-School Heads

The study focused on the administrative and supervisory functions of male and female school heads in public schools of Cebu City Division. The key informants were school heads and teachers from sixteen districts in Cebu City Division. The school head informants were chosen according to the number of administrative and instructional experience. The school heads had at least five years leadership experience. The teacher informants were chosen at random by the researcher. The main instrument of the study was the researcher and the key informants. The study utilized interview guides covering different areas of administrative management and instructional leadership function. In administrative management the informants were interviewed about the distinct practices of male and female school heads involving human research management, physical facilities management, fiscal management, data management, linkage management, communication and conflict management. In instructional leadership function, the key informants talked about the distinct practices of male and female school heads in instructional supervision, curriculum leadership and staff development. Based on the findings of the study, the following propositions were drawn: one, administrative function could be gauged by physical facilities, teacher behavior and student development; two, instructional leadership is contributed by learning performance outcome and teacher competence; third, gender bears the administrative function and instructional leadership. From the different propositions mentioned, this theory was generated, Tan’s Gender Role Orientation Theory of Institutional Management. After the conduct of the study and the theory generated, it is revealed that administrative and instructional leadership styles of male and female school heads can be influenced by gender orientation.

Placing production in urban cultural policy: The locational patterns of cultural industries and related manufacturing

ABSTRACT Urban cultural policy has long been framed with a limited geographic focus. Policy predominately targets central city areas where arts amenities and creative services visibly concentrate. This focus stems from a restricted definition of cultural activity, which tends to emphasize cultural consumption over production. This excludes a range of “cultural manufacturers,” which produce specialized products and inputs for the wider cultural economy. Although these industries play an integral role in the cultural ecosystem, their locational attributes have been largely overlooked in urban policy and research. Drawing on the case of Melbourne, Australia, we map location patterns of cultural industries and related manufacturing, revealing co-location in the central city and robust cultural manufacturing concentrations on the urban periphery. Our findings present a potential route for urban cultural policy to affect meaningful change in divided central cities, as well as under-served outer areas where most cultural industries and manufacturing workers live.

The Berlin Wall as Living Ornament

In this article I argue, based on Gilles Deleuze’s concept of affect, that the aesthetics of the Berlin Wall, i.e., the aesthetics of the different generations of the Wall itself (especially the last generation of the Wall) and the artistic interventions on the Western side of the Wall, in form of graffiti and wall art, have created effects which not necessarily challenge the Wall’s function as a border fortification system, but incorporate it in dialectical form. Affects triggered by the Western Wall’s sensational effects and its meandering course through the divided city have animated the Wall in such a way, that the Wall transforms into a living ornament. I read the Wall’s aesthetics as Baroque, in which façade and inner structure are seemingly unrelated but not separate and condition each other. I argue that the growing tension between Western surface intervention and Eastern military structure have the potential to bring forward states of e/motion, which I term in the Deleuzian sense: becoming political.

Effective Citizenship, Civil Action, and Prospects for Post-Conflict Justice in Yemen

A woman takes on work repairing cell phones in a small town in the southern governorate of Lahj. In Aden, an ‘aqīla (neighborhood representative) refuses to authorize the marriage of an underage girl. In a rural village outside of Sana'a, women petition the shaykh for permission to build a community center in which they can market home crafts to other women. Young women and men in Ibb and in Hadramawt work as volunteer teachers and coordinate with very different municipal authorities to ensure children can learn. And in the divided city of Taiz, a youth organization trains internally displaced Yemenis in the maintenance of the solar technologies that are keeping the city running.

A Study on the Designation of Residential Inducing Area and Population Density Target of Urban Facility Location Plan in Non-Area Divided City

A Study on the Designation of Residential Inducing Area and Population Density Target of Urban Facility Location Plan in Non-Area Divided City

The Three Cs of Administrative Office Management: Conceptions, Challenges, and Coping Mechanisms

The main aim of the study was to investigate different conceptions, challenges, and coping mechanisms with regards to administrative office management. To achieve this aim, the researcher selected three administrative officers within the Schools Division of City of Malolos, Bulacan during the school year 2019-2020. The study utilized a qualitative research design which aimed to describe the lived experiences of individuals in a certain phenomenon or human condition. Using transcriptions, codes, and triangulations of the data gathered, themes were extracted in the data analysis. Findings revealed that: (1) AOM was conceived as management of various documents for smooth transactions between teachers and school administrators, (2) AOM challenges were noted as encountering naughty teachers, unreturned office supplies, noisy location of the office facility and the office which is sometimes turned out to be a storage room, and (3) As AOM coping mechanisms, the respondents keep their strict mood and maintain a happy atmosphere to obtain a less stressed and a peaceful workplace. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were offered.

Ray-based methods in PC SWAT

The Personal Computer Shallow Water Acoustic Toolset (PC SWAT), developed at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division (NSWC PCD), is a ray-based simulator capable of running multiple types of sonar simulation scenarios. Recent PC SWAT capability enhancements, such as arbitrarily shaped targets, target occlusion by sea bottom features, and parallelization efforts, will be discussed. These improvements foster greater physical accuracy and fidelity for target scattering simulations. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]

Zgorzelec–Görlitz oraz Gubin–Guben jako Euromiasta

The study is an attempt to analyse the specifi cs of border twin cities using the examples of the European cities Gubin/Guben and Zgorzelec/Görlitz. The analysis of the features and characteristics resulting from the location and genesis of the divided cities as well as the confrontation of the ideas and practice of the twin cities allows for the comparison of implemented cross-border initiatives and projects. Social moods conditioned by the internal policies of the neighbouring countries, as well as cultural and social ‘boundaries’ in the period of both closed and open borders are also important in this aspect. The historical and contemporary history of the cities in question show the main determinants of processes taking place in the divided cities, such as geopolitical transformations, systemic transformation, the reunification of Germany and institutional cooperation producing tools for European integration.

Teoria ról jako metoda badania miast podzielonych granicą

The problem of divided cities is not new, yet it must be admitted that the political science approach is a defi nite minority among numerous, primarily geographical and historical approaches. This article contains a review of the current achievements and the state of research in this area, and also indicates the most popular methods, theories and topics that enjoy the greatest research interest, while highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. It also offers a slightly different approach to the problems of divided cities, including an analysis of their international potential considered from the perspective of role theory. This approach treats divided cities as entities building their own power (based primarily on soft power), assuming, however, that the capabilities of each of the ‘twin’ parts of a city are different and not necessarily symmetrical for various reasons.

Przestrzenno-funkcjonalne konsekwencje podziału miast granicą

Cities divided by a state border constitute an extremely interdisciplinary issue. Research on them in various scientific disciplines emphasises the complex nature of the phenomenon and the multitude of problems that concern it and require attention. Most often they are the subject of political, economic or sociological studies, primarily involving the analysis of borders and their variability over time, economic cooperation, border movement and European integration. Spatial research is much less often undertaken, despite the fact that this dimension is one of the first to experience the consequences of the ‘division’. The tearing apart of an urban structure by a state border destroys the existing spatial cohesion of the urban organism and the network of functional connections it has created in the historical period of development. The aim of the study is therefore to discuss the spatial and functional effects of such a division and to formulate some general conclusions in this field based on the analysis of possibly different (for example, in terms of the origin and conditions of division, size and importance of centres in the settlement network) examples of divided cities, namely Jerusalem, Berlin, Nicosia and Gubin.

Valka-Valga jako przykład miasta podzielonego na pograniczu łotewsko-estońskim

The problem of a divided city is an interesting research thread, in which a former one integral whole is divided by administrative decisions. One of the examples of such cities is the former Wałk, now Valka and Valga, on the Latvian-Estonian border. The aim of the article is to analyse this urban unit in terms of geo-political and geo-historical research. The first part of the article discusses the genesis of the town as one settlement unit. In the second part of the discussion, the contemporary town landscape is briefly characterised. For the purposes of the study, the literature on the subject and the available cartographic resources have been analysed. The data available on the internet on Polish, Estonian and Latvian-language websites have also proved to be important.

Crisis Cultures: The Rise of Finance in Mexico and Brazil

Crisis Cultures: The Rise of Finance in Mexico and Brazil

Juxtacity: an Approach to Urban Difference, Divide, Authority, and Citizenship

Difference is foundational to urban governance and urban life. This article—and the special issue—focuses analytically on the juxtaposition of multiple urban differences, and what happens especially in relation to urban authority and citizenship when such differences articulate with each other. This analytical work is based on a conceptual lens we call juxtacity, which is used to examine the origins, dynamics, and effects of urban divides, where urban divides are seen as active, situated domains in themselves that provide key opportunities for understanding and theorizing complex urban dynamics. The juxtacity approach emphasizes three key elements of difference and division—relationality, articulation, and productive co-constitution—and their differentiated effects. The focus is especially on but not limited to more overt, visible structures of urban domination, but consciously counters the ways in which more common sense hierarchies of power leave out a wide range of subtler forms of inequality, domination, exclusion, and violence. These latter are crucial for understanding differences and divisions in cities around the world. The juxtacity approach counters EuroAmerican-as-universal urban theory. Including cases from Africa and Asia, the special issue employs a form of openly comparative southern urbanism that contributes to the wider project of theorizing from the south/southeast.

What do divided cities have in common? An international comparison of income segregation

AbstractThis paper provides a comparative assessment of income segregation in cities of 12 countries. We use spatial entropy indexes based on small‐scale gridded income data and consistent definition of city boundaries to ensure international comparability of our segregation measures. Results show considerable variation in the levels of income segregation across cities, even within countries, reflecting the diversity within urban systems. Larger, more affluent, productive, and more unequal cities tend to be more segregated. Urban form, demographic, and economic factors explain additional variation in segregation levels through the influence of high‐income households, who tend to be the most segregated. The positive association between productivity and segregation is mitigated in polycentric cities.

Establishment of Development Zones and Mismatch of Regional Resources：Theoretical Mechanism and Empirical Identification

Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a “new era”. Economic development is not biasedly pursuing speed growth but transforming to the improvement of quality. How to give full play to the market allocation of resources is the core driving force that determines the quality of China’s future economic growth. As a government-led important industrial policy, the establishment of development zones will undoubtedly have an important role in promoting local economic growth, but will the implementation of this policy distort the market allocation of resources and lead to resource mismatch? Existing literature is rarely covered.This paper accurately measures the degree of regional resource mismatch from the perspective of enterprise productivity dispersion, based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises from 2001 to 2009. Specifically, the degree of resource mismatch is measured by the ratio of the productivity of 90% quantile companies in the region to the productivity of 10% quantile companies. While using the data of China Development Zone Website to match the corresponding city by looking up the zip code, this paper aims to establish development zones as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the causal relationship between industrial policy and resource mismatch, and analyze its internal mechanism. The research finds that the establishment of development zones exacerbates the degree of regional resource mismatch by distorting market allocation. This conclusion steadily passes the parallel trend test, regional counterfactual test, time counterfactual test, policy exclusion test, measurement error test, etc. In the research process, through the division of eastern cities, central cities and western cities, to identify the heterogeneity of different marketization degrees, the research concludes that the level of marketization eases the policy impact of development zones on regional resource mismatch. Further identifying the institutional efficiency of cities in first-tier cities, second-tier cities, and third-tier cities, it is found in empirical analysis that institutional efficiency slows the impact of the establishment of development zones on regional resource mismatch. At the same time, “mature” development zones have less impact on regional resource mismatch than “growth” and “primary” development zones, while “primary” development zones have the most serious impact on regional resource mismatch. The impact mechanism test shows that the industrial policy set up by development zones will affect the degree of regional resource mismatch through low-efficiency enterprises not leaving the market, intensifying local government competition and distorting the investment structure of the capital market. By establishing a long-term mechanism for market supervision to reduce investment structure distortion, effectively improve the level of marketization, and improve the quality of public goods supply and public services, it is a policy shock to alleviate the mismatch of regional resources in development zones, and promote the effective path of China’s economy to high quality development.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF URBAN DIVISIONS BETWEEN LUOYANG CITY IN HAN AND WEI DYNASTIES AND ROME CITY IN IMPERIAL PERIOD

The author of this article briefly analyzes the layout and division of Luoyang and Roman cities during the Han and Wei Dynasties from a historical perspective, and explores the characteristics and traditional craftsmanship of ancient buildings in the East and the West from a comparison.

Perception of Elementary School Heads and Teachers on Child Protection Policy in Private Schools in Tanauan City Division

Child-friendly schools dramatically minimize or remove frequent physical threats and other types of violence occurring in and around schools and learning spaces, such as teachers' corporal punishment, student-on-student abuse, gang wars, bullying, sexual assaults, other forms of gender-based abuse and external group school assaults. Schools that are child-friendly need to collaborate with parents and local groups to avoid abuse. To protect children from physical damage and mental, physical, emotional and sexual violence, simple, transparently implemented policies and procedures and firm measures must be in place. The study's main objective was to evaluate the awareness rates of principals and educators’ engagement on the Child Protection Program at Tanauan City Division's Private Schools, Batangas. The argument is that officials in child-friendly schools should be vigilant in recognizing child violence and neglect, and should be prepared to act in compliance with national laws and policies on child safety, including compulsory reporting to police or other legal authorities. The school's position in serious child protection matters is not to investigate them but to identify cases that need attention and refer them to appropriate child care agencies. The descriptive method of research was used in this study using a survey questionnaire as the main instrument to gather data. The respondents of the study were 15 principals and 185 educators in the said Private Schools in Tanauan City Division. Statistical tools like weighted mean were used in determining the extent of implementation of Child Protection Program and level of perceptiveness of principals and educators. The non-significant differences between their perceptions were established using the t-test formula. Meanwhile, the Pearson r product-moment correlation and r-test were used to resolve the nonsignificant relationship between the extent of implementation of Child Protection Program and level of participation of principals and educators. The result indicated that the views of the two groups of respondents were not substantially different, although both stated that there was intense observance of involvement in the execution of the school manager's duties and responsibilities. It further revealed that there was no shared agreement between the heads of school and teachers about the school manager's roles and responsibilities in enforcing child protection policy. Child-friendly schools should be prepared to recognize, refer and evaluate vulnerable children, especially those who have suffered, suffered or are at risk of serious harm.

Teacher Factors and Academic Performance of Multigrade Pupils in Baybay City Division: Inputs to an Improved Implementation of Multigrade Teaching

The study determines the relationship between the selected teacher factors and the academic performance of multigrade pupils in the Baybay City Division. The selected teacher factors were the socio-demographic profile variable (age, sex, civil status, educational qualification, teaching experience, teaching position, and training attended) and teacher empowerment dimensions (decision making, professional growth, status, self-efficacy, autonomy, and impact). The respondents of this study were the multigrade teachers, heads of the multigrade teachers, and the multigrade pupils in the division. The study used descriptive correlation employing a triangulation design. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Pearson r correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression were used. The teaching profession consistently attracts women to its fold, making it a woman’s world. The same profession is staffed by a relatively young group of female teachers who were 40 years old and below and are expected to be in their productive and reproductive years as most of them are married. Multigrade teachers need uplifting in their educational qualifications, training, and similar initiatives to raise their rank, morale, motivation, and competence to remain in teaching. The extent of teacher empowerment dimensions with respect to decision making, professional growth, status, self-efficacy, autonomy, and impact are very highly empowered. The very poor academic showed in the five (5) learning areas is a brazen demonstration of a need to seriously evaluate multigrade instruction in the division. Among the selected teacher factors, only sex and professional growth turned out to be predictors of academic achievement in selected learning areas.