Diversity Of Soil Fungal Communities Research Articles

Long-Read Sequencing Analysis Revealed the Impact of Forest Conversion on Soil Fungal Diversity in Limu Mountain, Hainan.

Soil fungi are essential to soil microorganisms that play an important role in the ecosystem's soil carbon cycle and mineral nutrient transformation. Understanding the structural characteristics and diversity of soil fungal communities helps understand the health of forest ecosystems. The transition from tropical rainforest to artificial forest greatly impacts the composition and diversity of fungal communities. Hainan Limushan tropical rainforest National Park has a large area of artificial forests. Ecologists have conducted in-depth studies on the succession of animals and plants to regenerate tropical rainforests. There are few reports on the diversity of soil fungi and its influencing factors in the succession of tropical rainforests in Limu Mountain. In this study, 44 soil samples from five different stands were collected in the tropical rainforest of Limushan, Hainan. High-throughput sequencing of rDNA in its region was used to analyze fungal communities and study their α and β diversity. Analysis of variance and multiple regression models was used to analyze soil variables and fungal functional groups to determine the effects of interaction between fungi and environmental factors. A total of 273,996 reads and 1290 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained, belonging to 418 species, 325 genera, 159 families, eight phyla, 30 classes, and 73 orders. The results showed that the composition of soil fungal communities in the five stands was similar, with ascomycetes accounting for 70.5% and basidiomycetes accounting for 14.7%. α and β diversity analysis showed that soil fungi in Limushan tropical rainforest had high abundance and diversity. Multiple regression analysis between soil variables and functional groups showed that organic matter, TN, TP, TK, and AK were excellent predictors for soil fungi. TP was the strongest predictor in all functional groups except soil saprotroph. Organic matter and total nitrogen were the strongest predictors of soil rot. The transformation from tropical rainforest to artificial forest in Limushan did not change the soil fungal community structure, but the richness and diversity of soil fungi changed. The forest transformation did not lead to decreased soil fungal abundance and diversity. Different vegetation types and soil properties affect the diversity of soil fungal communities. We found that Caribbean pine plantations can improve soil fungal diversity, while long-term Eucalyptus spp. plantations may reduce soil fungal diversity.

Decay of fallen wood and elevation affects soil fungal community assembly and indirectly controls community diversity

Fallen wood has a pivotal role in the forest ecosystem and acts as an important intermediary for material cycling and energy flow between vegetation and soil. A keystone of the forest ecosystem is the soil fungal community which performs a crucial role in regulating the internal functions of the system. Nonetheless, the characteristics of soil fungal community diversity and the process of community assembly beneath fallen wood remain unclear. Here We investigated two subtropical forests at different elevations, and selected three fallen wood of different decay classes and a control soil without fallen wood in each stand. The soil underneath the fallen wood was collected for analysis to explore the effects of decay on soil fungal diversity and community assembly processes. The 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine fungal diversity and calculate normalized stochasticity ratios (NST), whilst the underlying soil ecological factors were measured to predict the possible drivers of fungal diversity along with the driving mechanisms. The results revealed that elevation and fallen wood decay had a significant interactive effect on soil fungal alpha diversity as well as beta diversity. Outcomes of tNST (taxonomic Normalized Stochasticity Ratio) suggested that fallen wood decay at high-elevation made stochastic processes progressively more important in the assembly of soil fungal communities, while the opposite occurred at low-elevation, yet the results calculated by the pNST (Phylogenetic Normalized Stochasticity) method tended to indicate a predominance of stochastic processes in both two elevations. Fungal diversity was strongly positively correlated with NST values, but soil ecological factors were only strongly associated with NST values. The partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) further indicated that elevation and fallen wood decay did not directly regulate changes in fungal community diversity, but indirectly controlled fungal community assembly processes by affecting soil ecological factors, anon varied fungal diversity as well as community structure. This work will generate fresh insight into the patterns of soil fungal diversity and community assembly processes in forest ecosystems.

Pattern and drivers of soil fungal community along elevation gradient in the Abies georgei forests of Segila mountains, Southeast Tibet

Soil fungi are a diverse group of organisms extremely crucial to forest nutrient cycling and carbon (C) storage. The elevational pattern of soil microbial diversity has been widely studied, but how soil properties, elevation, and their association affect fungal community in subalpine forests remain to be explored. Here, soil fungal community diversity was investigated using high-throughput sequencing along an elevation gradient (3500–4300 m a.s.l.) in the Abies georgei var. smithii forests, a typical subalpine forest type in the Segila Mountains of Southeast Tibet. Elevation significantly affected the soil properties. Available phosphorus (P), total nitrogen (N), and soil organic C (SOC) increased whereas pH decreased with elevation. A U-shaped pattern for fungal diversity was found in topsoil while a slight monotonically decreasing pattern in subsoil layer across the elevation gradient. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the top three dominant phyla, and ectomycorrhizal fungi were the dominant functional fungi group in the A. georgei forest soils. Significant negative correlations were observed between fungal OTUs richness and NO 3 - ( r = −0.431, p < 0.01), indicating that soil N availability is an important factor for fungal diversity. Based on redundancy analysis, soil factors explained 32.1% of the total variations in composition structure of fungal community. Soil pH, moisture, and fertilities (i.e., SOC, TN, TP, NO 3 - ) were independent factors affecting the fungal community composition. Collectively, the alterations in soil environmental factor across elevations are essential in shaping the soil fungal diversity and community composition in the A. georgei forests in Segila Mountains, Southeast Tibet. • Elevation significantly increased soil organic C and nutrients while decreased pH. • Topsoil fungal richness showed a U-shaped pattern with increasing elevation. • Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcM) were the dominant functional group across elevation. • NO 3 - was the prominent driving factor on fungal diversity in the A. georgei forests.

Effects of Oxathiapiprolin on the Structure, Diversity and Function of Soil Fungal Community.

Pesticides can affect non-target microorganisms in the soil and are directly related to soil microecological health and environmental safety. Oxathiapiprolin is a piperidinyl thiazole isoxazoline fungicide that shows excellent control effect against oomycete fungal diseases, including late blight, downy mildew, root rot, stem rot, and blight. Though it can exist stably in the soil for a long time, its effects on soil microbial structure and diversity are not well investigated. In the present study, the effects of oxathiapiprolin on the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities in typical farmland were studied. The results show that the abundance and diversity of soil fungi were increased by oxathiapiprolin treatment with differences not significant on the 30th day. Oxathiapiprolin was found to change the structure of soil fungal communities, among which Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were the most affected. Undefined saprophytic fungi increased in the treatment groups, and the colonization of saprophytic fungi can act as a major contributor to the function of soil microbial communities. This study lays a solid foundation regarding environmental behavior with the use of oxathiapiprolin in soil and details its scientific and rational use.

Seasonal variations of soil fungal diversity and communities in subalpine coniferous and broadleaved forests

Soil fungi have essential roles in ecosystems, but the seasonal dynamics of soil fungal communities in forests remain unclear. To explore the pattern and variation of soil fungal community diversity and structural composition across forest types and seasons, and identify the main contributors to soil fungal communities, we collected soil samples from subalpine coniferous (Picea asperata and Larix gmelinii) and broadleaved plantations (Betula albosinensis and Quercus aquifolioides) in southwest China in different seasons. Soil fungal community structural composition was determined using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. The results showed that soil fungal diversity and richness in broadleaved forests were higher than in conifer forests. From heatmap cluster analysis, distinct differences in fungal community composition among forest types (coniferous and broadleaved forests) and seasons (May and July, September) were observed. Fungal communities were dominated by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota regardless of forest type and season. Helotiales and Atheliales were abundant in coniferous forests, while Agaricales, Russulales and Thelephorales predominated in broadleaved forests. Fungal community diversity and composition were significantly driven by soil pH, moisture, organic carbon, ammonium (NH4+-N), fine root biomass and root tissue density, when controlling for the effects of forest type and season. Thus, forest type and season significantly affected soil fungal community diversity and composition by altering soil properties and root variables.

Characteristics of Soil Fungal Communities in Soybean Rotations

Soybean continuous cropping (SC) leads to continuous cropping obstacles, and soil-borne fungal diseases occur frequently. Rotation can alleviate continuous cropping obstacles. However, the long-term effects of continuous cropping and rotation on the structure and function of the fungal community in soil are not clear. In this study, five cropping systems, SC, fallow (CK), fallow-soybean (FS), corn–soybean (CS), and wheat–soybean (WS), were implemented in the long-term continuous cropping area of soybean. After 13 years of planting, high-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities and to study the relationship between fungal communities and soil environmental factors. The results showed that the abundance and diversity of fungal flora in SC soil were the highest. There were significant differences in the formation of soil fungal communities between soybean continuous cropping and the other treatments. There were 355 species of endemic fungi in SC soil. There were 231 and 120 endemic species in WS and CS, respectively. The relative abundance of the potential pathogens Lectera, Gibberella, and Fusarium in the SC treatment soil was significantly high, and the abundance of all potential pathogens in CK was significantly the lowest. The abundance of Lectera and Fusarium in CS was significantly the lowest. There was a positive correlation between potential pathogens in the soil. The relative abundance of potential pathogens in the soil was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Ascomycetes and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Basidiomycetes. Potential pathogenic genera had a significant negative correlation with soil OM, available Mn, K and soil pH and a significant positive correlation with the contents of soil available Cu, Fe, and Zn. In general, the fungal communities of SC, FS, WS, and CS were divided into one group, which was significantly different from CK. WS and CS were more similar in fungal community structure. The CK and CS treatments reduced the relative abundance of soil fungi and potential pathogens. Our study shows that SC and FS lead to selective stress on fungi and pathogenic fungi and lead to the development of fungal community abundance and diversity, while CK and CS can reduce this development, which is conducive to plant health.

Changes in Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities of Pinus tabuliformis Plantations at Different Development Stages on the Loess Plateau.

The soil fungal community is an important factor in the forest ecosystems, and a better understanding of its composition and dynamic changes will contribute to the maintenance, preservation, and sustainable development of the forest ecosystems. Pinus tabuliformis has been widely planted for local ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau in China in recent decades. However, these plantations have been degraded to different degrees with increasing stand age. Hence, we tried to find the possible causes for the plantation degradation by analyzing soil environmental changes and soil fungal community composition at different stand ages. We collected rhizosphere soil samples from young (10-year-old), middle-aged (20-year-old), and near-mature (30-year-old) P. tabuliformis plantations in this region and characterized their soil properties and soil fungal community diversity and composition. Our results showed that with increasing stand age, the contents of organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen (AN) and nitrate nitrogen (NN) in the soil increased significantly, while the content of available phosphorus (AP) decreased significantly. The main factors affecting the composition of the soil fungal community were the contents of AP, AN, and NN in the soil. In addition, the genus Suillus was the dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus in all periods of P. tabuliformis plantations in this region. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the community composition of ECM fungi was significantly correlated with stand age, soil NN, and AP contents, and that of pathogenic (PAG) fungi was significantly correlated with soil AN and AP contents. The decrease in the relative abundance of ECM fungi and the increase in the relative abundance of PAG fungi would exacerbate the degradation of P. tabulaeformis plantation. Our results illustrated that the content of soil AP is not only an important factor limiting the development of plantations, but it also significantly affects the community composition of soil fungi in the rhizosphere of the P. tabuliformis plantation. This study provides a novel insight into the degradation of P. tabuliformis plantations and builds a solid foundation for their subsequent management, restoration, and sustainable development on the Loess Plateau of China.

Response of Soil Fungal Communities in Diversified Rotations of Wheat and Different Crops

Crop-soil microorganism interactions and feedback are critical to soil health and crop production. The aim of this study was to clarify the difference in soil fungal communities under diversified rotations of wheat and different crops in the North China Plain and to provide a theoretical basis for the construction and optimization of ecological sustainable planting systems. The soil fungal community abundance, composition, and diversity of continuous winter wheat-summer maize M, winter wheat-summer peanut (summer maize) PM, and winter wheat-summer soybean (summer maize) SM treatments were studied using real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that, compared with those of the continuous winter wheat-summer maize treatment, the peanut rotation treatment PM2 and soybean rotation treatment SM2 significantly reduced soil fungal ITS sequence copy numbers (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in soil fungal ITS sequence copy numbers between other rotation treatments and those of the control (P>0.05). Rotation treatments with peanut or soybean increased soil fungal community richness (Chao1 and ACE indices) and diversity (Shannon and InvSimson indices), in which the community richness of all rotation treatments and the community diversity of SM1/SM2 treatments varied significantly (P<0.05). The result of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed that the soil fungal community among different rotation crops were obviously separated. The rotation crops significantly affected soil fungal community structure (PERMANOVA:r2=0.350, P=0.001; ANOSIM:r=0.478, P=0.001). Ascomycota (73.67%-85.48%) was the dominant phylum, whereas Sordariomycetes (30.53%-48.19%) and Eurotiomycetes (11.12%-31.19%) were the dominant classes of the fungal communities of sandy-loam fluvo-aquic soil in the North China Plain. There were significantly different taxa of soil fungal communities in different rotations. Potential pathogens such as Neocosmospora, Plectosphaerella, and Gibellulopsis were significantly enriched in the rotations of winter wheat-summer peanut (summer maize), whereas potential beneficial fungi such as Penicillium and Zopfiella were significantly enriched in the rotations of winter wheat-summer soybean (summer maize). Compared with that under the continuous winter wheat-summer maize treatment, rotations with peanut or soybean increased the relative abundance of pathotroph, pathotroph-symbiotroph, and saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi and decreased the relative abundance of saprotroph fungi. The soil fungal community richness and structure were significantly related to soil organic carbon and available nutrients, and the Shannon diversity index was significantly related to soil mineral nitrogen and available phosphorus. In summary, on the basis of continuous winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain, adding summer peanut or summer soybean instead of summer maize for rotations with different interval years could increase the richness and diversity of soil fungal communities and significantly change soil fungal community structure. In particular, summer soybean as the preceding crop had a positive effect on the enrichment of potential beneficial fungi.

Effects of Elevation Gradient on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in a Typical Karst Region of Chongqing, Southwest China

AbstractElevation changes create gradients in abiotic factors, which in turn affect soil erosion and carbon cycling. However, how elevation changes control soil ecological processes through temperature and the mechanism that affects the carbon cycle remain unclear. Therefore, we have studied the distribution of temperature, bulk density (BD), soil pH, mean weight diameter (MWD), clay, and diversity of soil fungal community diversity, and discussed the critical factors affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in a typical karst mountainous area. The results showed that the dominant phyla were Ascomycota (42.28%), Mortierellomycota (20.6%), Basidiomycota (17.83%), and Rozellomycota (11.82%). The elevation distributions of MWD, fungal diversity, the rate of SOC and N stocks change per temperature index, and SOC and N stocks all exhibited unimodal patterns. Additionally, temperature, fungal diversity, MWD, BD, and clay were the dominant factors explaining the variability of SOC and N, and SOC and N had a positive relationship with pH, BD, MWD, clay‐silt content, warmth index, and Sobs and Shannon diversity. Analyses showed that the warmth index regulated soil aggregates through fungal diversity and combined with BD to affect carbon sequestration, which was controlled by clay, the C:N ratio, and pH during the process. These conclusions have important implications for improving the SOC sequestration capacity in karst mountainous areas.

Response of soil fungal species, phylogenetic and functional diversity to diurnal asymmetric warming in an alpine agricultural ecosystem

A diurnal asymmetric warming (CK: control; DW: daytime warming; NW: nighttime warming; DW+NW: daily warming) was conducted in an alpine agricultural system of the Tibet to investigate the effect of diurnal asymmetric warming on soil fungal diversity. Soil fungal community in May and August in 2017 was determined by the high-throughput sequencing. The 'NW' rather than the 'DW' and 'DW+NW' significantly increased the abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE), Chao1 and species richness at the 0–10 cm but not the 10–20 cm depth in May and August, 2017. However, the 'DW', 'NW' and 'DW+NW' did not significantly affect phylogenetic and functional α-diversity, species, phylogenic and functional composition. The straw yield of highland barley was correlated with soil fungal diversity. Therefore, daytime and nighttime warming may have different effects on soil fungal diversity, and their effects are not additive. Different dimensions diversity of soil fungal community may have different responses to climate warming. Diurnal asymmetrical warming should be considered in future agricultural managements in alpine regions under asymmetrical warming.

Effects of microtopography on soil fungal community diversity, composition, and assembly in a subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest of Southwest China

Topography is a critical factor that determines the patterns and assemblages of species diversity in forest communities. Small-scale topography changes are defined as microtopography. Our understanding of the effects of microtopography on soil fungal communities is limited. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of microtopography on soil fungal community diversity, community composition, functional guild, and community assembly. The diversity, composition, and relative abundance of functional guilds were measured using Illumina high-throughput sequencing techniques in five microtopography types (steep slope, less-steep slope, valley, high plateau, and ridge). OTU and Chao1 indexes were the highest in the high plateau and were the lowest in the ridge. The Shannon index was the lowest in the valley, and the highest in the ridge. In the valley, soil fungal networks were more interconnected than they were in any of the other microtopography unit. At the class level, the relative abundance of Agaricomycetes, Eurotionmycetes, and Leotiomycetes were higher in the ridge unit. The relative abundance of ectomycorrhiza, the dominant functional guild, in the ecosystem was as follows: less-steep slope (71.31%), ridge (66.55%), valley (65.83%), steep slope (63.91%), and high plateau (60.09%). Microtopography influenced fungal community diversity and composition more than any other factor and had, varying degrees of influence on the different functional guilds. In every microtopography type, dispersal limitations and drift shaped fungal communities more than other ecological processes. Our findings suggest that microtopography affects soil fungal community diversity and composition, functional guilds, and the relative contributions of ecological processes to soil fungal communities in subtropical monsoon evergreen broadleaf forests.

柏木人工林林窗位置对香椿细根分解及土壤真菌群落多样性的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 柏木人工林林窗位置对香椿细根分解及土壤真菌群落多样性的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101210225 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0600302-05）；国家自然科学基金项目（32071747）；绵阳师范学院生态安全与保护四川省重点实验室开放基金项目（ESP-2104）；绵阳师范学院高层次人才科研启动项目（QD2020A17） Effects of gap locations on the decomposition of fine root of Toona sinensis and soil fungal community diversity in cypress plantation forest Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: The Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了解林窗位置对香椿细根分解及土壤真菌群落多样性的影响，以川中丘陵区30a生柏木人工林为研究对象，采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术研究200 m2人工林窗中心位置（GC）、边缘位置（GB）、郁闭林（CC）对香椿细根2a自然分解后土壤真菌群落结构及多样性的影响。结果表明，林窗内不同位置之间微环境差异显著（P<0.05），土壤理化性质对林窗位置变化的响应较细根养分元素更积极，GB位置细根分解速率显著高于GC和CC。土壤真菌门水平在3个林窗位置间无显著差异，其中子囊菌门、担子菌门是优势类群；腐生营养型真菌在3个林窗位置上具有显著差异，散囊菌目、粪壳菌目、肉座菌目、刺盾炱目、伞菌目是3个位置上相对丰度值>1%的优势类群，刺盾炱目、伞菌目相对丰度在GB和CC之间有显著差异（P<0.05）；青霉属和曲霉属是真菌在属水平上的优势类群，其相对丰度在3个位置间有极显著差异（P<0.01）。林窗位置未对真菌群落α多样性产生显著影响，但群落β多样性对位置变化的响应显著。GB位置群落β多样性显著高于GC和CC （P<0.05），共有种数量最多，GC位置特有种数量最多。冗余分析发现较多环境因子对真菌群落的影响显著（P<0.01），Mantel test （和partial Mantel test）分析结果表明土壤pH值、土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤速效磷、土壤全氮是真菌群落多样性的重要影响因子。综上所述，林窗内位置对土壤真菌类群构成和群落β多样性具有差异性影响，在柏木人工林内实施林窗式干扰有助于调节细根分解等地下生态进程。 Abstract:The effect of gap location heterogeneity on decomposition of plant fine roots and soil fungal community diversity was investigated in a forest with Cupressus funebris plantation for 30 years, in the hilly region in central Sichuan Province. In an area with gap size 200 m2, the structure and diversity of soil fungal community associated with 2a natural decomposition of fine root of Toona sinensis were investigated separately on three different locations:gap center (GC), gap boarder (GB) and closed canopy (CC), by using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there were significant differences in microenvironment across different gap locations (P<0.05). The response of soil physical and chemical properties to the gap position was more sensitive than that of fine root nutrient elements, and the decomposition rate of fine roots at GB position was significantly higher than that of GC and CC. There was no significant difference in soil fungal community at phylum level. Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were dominant groups across different gap locations. Base on FUNGuild results, the trophic modes of saprotrophs showed significant differences across different gap locations, the classes of Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Sordariales, Chaetothyriales and Agaricales were dominant with the relative abundances>1% across the three locations. The relative abundances of Agaricales and Chaetothyriales were significantly different between GB and CC (P<0.05). The genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Chaetomium and Staphylotrichum were the dominant taxa, and there were significant differences in their relative abundances across the three locations (P<0.01). The α diversities of the fungal communities were not significantly affected by the gap locations, but their β diversities were more responsive to different gap locations. The β diversity at GB was significantly higher than those at GC and CC (P<0.05), with the largest number of shared species at GB and the largest number of endemic species at GC site. Redundancy analysis revealed significant effects of the environmental factors on the fungal community (P<0.01). Partial Mantel test showed that the factors such as pH, water content (SWC), temperature (ST), available P (SNP) and total N (STN) in soil were important factors influencing fungal community diversity. In conclusion, forest gap locations significantly affected the composition and diversity of soil fungal community. The findings were helpful to regulate the underground ecological processes such as fine root decomposition in cypress plantation forests. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

MICROFUNGAL COMMUNITY FROM ORGANICALLY AMMENDED SOILS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON BEAN AND BELL PEPPER CROPS

Soil is a reservoir of microorganisms including microfungi that play a key role as saprotrophs, plant mutualists, symbionts, decomposers, pathogens and excellent bio-indicators of soil quality. The diversity of soil fungi communities is influenced by products used in the life cycle of each crop. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of soil fungal community in bean and bell pepper crop. For pepper crop two plant protection methods were applied - i) diatomite in three different doses: 75 kg ha-1 (T1), 150 kg ha-1 (T2), and 300 kg ha-1 (T3) and ii) biological control agent Trichoderma asperellum Td85 strain (T4). For bean crop the T4 was not applied. After soil isolation for bean crop resulted 461 colonies clustered in 49 OTUs while for pepper resulted 436 colonies clustered in 56 OTUs. Pepper crop had a higher activity of soil fungi compared to bean crop, fact evidenced by a higher index of Simpson 1-D (evenness), Shannon (richness and the evenness) and Margalef (richness) tests. Even if treatment with Trichoderma sp. wasn`t applied on bean crop, the fungus was present in the soil naturally and had the highest value of CF% (colonization frequency).

MICROFUNGAL COMMUNITY FROM ORGANICALLY AMMENDED SOILS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON BEAN AND BELL PEPPER CROPS

Soil is a reservoir of microorganisms including microfungi that play a key role as saprotrophs, plant mutualists, symbionts, decomposers, pathogens and excellent bio-indicators of soil quality. The diversity of soil fungi communities is influenced by products used in the life cycle of each crop. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of soil fungal community in bean and bell pepper crop. For pepper crop two plant protection methods were applied - i) diatomite in three different doses: 75 kg ha-1 (T1), 150 kg ha-1 (T2), and 300 kg ha-1 (T3) and ii) biological control agent Trichoderma asperellum Td85 strain (T4). For bean crop the T4 was not applied. After soil isolation for bean crop resulted 461 colonies clustered in 49 OTUs while for pepper resulted 436 colonies clustered in 56 OTUs. Pepper crop had a higher activity of soil fungi compared to bean crop, fact evidenced by a higher index of Simpson 1-D (evenness), Shannon (richness and the evenness) and Margalef (richness) tests. Even if treatment with Trichoderma sp. wasn`t applied on bean crop, the fungus was present in the soil naturally and had the highest value of CF% (colonization frequency).

湘西石漠化区3种造林模式土壤真菌群落结构差异

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 湘西石漠化区3种造林模式土壤真菌群落结构差异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202008072061 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 中央级科研院所基本科研业务费重点项目（CAFYBB2019SZ003）；中南林业科技大学研究生科技创新基金（CX20192026） Differences of soil fungal community structure under three afforestation modes in rocky desertification region of Western Hunan Province Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: “Degradation mechanism and restoration technology of typical forests in South China 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:湘西石漠化地区是我国生态系统脆弱而又敏感的区域，土壤微生物在维持石漠化区森林生态系统结构和功能稳定中发挥重要作用。选取石漠化地区立地条件相同的32年生的马尾松纯林、光皮桦纯林及马尾松-光皮桦混交林为研究对象，以立地条件相似的未造林荒地演变成的灌草群落作为对照，比较分析石漠化地区不同造林模式对土壤真菌群落结构和多样性的影响及其主要驱动因素。采用Illumina HiSeq第二代高通量测序技术，分析了3种森林土壤真菌群落组成及多样性。结果表明，不同造林模式下土壤真菌优势类群不同，光皮桦、马尾松-光皮桦混交林以及石漠化灌草地土壤真菌优势门均为子囊菌门（Ascomycota），且在石漠化灌草地相对丰度最大，为64.0%；马尾松则以担子菌门（Basidiomycota）为优势类群，其相对丰度占57.9%。混交林土壤真菌物种总数和Shannon指数显著高于马尾松和光皮桦林地，整体上真菌群落多样性表现为：未造林灌草地 > 混交林 > 马尾松林 > 光皮桦林。与未造林灌草地相比，马尾松-光皮桦混交林和光皮桦纯林显著提升了土壤有机碳（SOC）和全氮（TN）含量。Mantel test检验结果显示，真菌群落结构与全磷（TP）、有机碳（SOC）、铵态氮（NH4+-N）、硝态氮（NO3--N）、全氮（TN）、pH和含水量（SWC）具有显著相关性（P<0.05），其中土壤SOC、TN、pH值对真菌群落结构影响最大。冗余分析（RDA）结果发现，子囊菌（Ascomycota）与pH、TP、SOC、TN、AP、NO3--N含量均呈正相关；担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）主要与NH4+-N成正相关，与pH、TP、SOC、TN、AP、NO3--N呈负相，而罗氏菌门（Rozellomycota）与SWC呈正相关（P<0.05）。综上，相比针叶纯林，石漠化地区针阔混交林能通过增加土壤SOC、TN而显著提高真菌群落多样性，促进土壤肥力状况的提升。此研究结果可以为石漠化区人工植被恢复以及土壤肥力管理提供依据。 Abstract:Rocky desertification area in Western Hunan province is a fragile and sensitive area of ecosystem in China. Soil microorganisms play an important role in maintaining the stability of forest ecosystem structure and function in rocky desertification area. Thirty two year-old pure Pinus massoniana forest, pure Betula luminifera forest and mixed Pinus massoniana and Betula luminifera forest in rocky desertification area with the same site conditions were selected as the research objects. The non-forested shrub grassland with the similar site conditions was taken as the control to compare and analyze the influence of different afforestation modes on soil fungal community structure and diversity and their main driving factors. The composition and diversity of soil fungal communities in three forests were analyzed by Illumina HiSeq second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the dominant groups of soil fungi were different under different afforestation modes. The dominant phylum of soil fungi in Betula luminifera, mixed forest and non-forested shrub grassland were Ascomycota, and the relative abundance was the largest in non-forested shrub grassland, which was 64.0%. Basidiomycota was the dominant group in Pinus massoniana, its relative abundance accounted for 57.9%. The total number of soil fungal species and Shannon index of mixed forest were significantly higher than those of Pinus massoniana and Betula luminifera forest. On the whole, the diversity of fungal community was as follows:non-forested shrub grassland > mixed forest > Pinus massoniana forest > Betula luminifera forest. The contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the mixed forest and Betula luminifera pure forest were significantly higher than those in non-forested shrub grassland. Mantel test showed that fungal community structure was significantly correlated with total phosphorus (TP), SOC, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), TN, pH and water content (SWC) (P<0.05). Soil SOC, TN and pH had the greatest impact on fungal community structure. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed Ascomycetes were positively correlated with pH, TP, SOC, TN, AP and NO3--N content; Basidiomycetes and Mortierella were mainly positively correlated with NH4+-N, and negatively correlated with pH, TP, SOC, TN, AP and NO3--N. There was a positive correlation between Rozellomycota and SWC. In conclusion, compared with pure coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in rocky desertification area can significantly improve the diversity of fungal community by increasing soil SOC and TN, and promote the improvement of soil fertility. The results can provide basis for artificial vegetation restoration and soil fertility management in rocky desertification area. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

喀斯特森林常见树种倒木分解对土壤真菌群落组成及分布规律的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 喀斯特森林常见树种倒木分解对土壤真菌群落组成及分布规律的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202101280295 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（32060266，31700385）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合基础[2020]1Y124）；贵州省一流学科建设项目（GNYL[2017]007） Effects of fallen woods decomposition of common tree species on soil fungal community composition and distribution in karst forest Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:倒木是森林生态系统的重要组分，其分解调控着土壤的养分循环，同时也影响着土壤微生物群落结构。但目前鲜见关于倒木分解对土壤微生物群落影响方面的报道。选取贵州茂兰喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林中处于轻、中和重度腐烂等级的狭叶润楠（Machilus rehderi）、枫香（Liquidambar formosana）、青冈栎（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）和圆果化香（Platycarya longipes）4种常见树种倒木为研究对象，以距倒木外围的3个不同水平距离（10cm、30cm和50cm）的土壤样品为实验材料，分析倒木树种、腐烂等级和距离对土壤真菌种类及多样性的影响。结果表明：1）喀斯特森林4种树种倒木所影响土壤真菌群落在门级分类上主要为子囊菌门、担子菌门和毛霉门，优势属有Mortierella spp.、Phlebia spp.、Pluteus spp.和Chaetomium spp.等；2）倒木的树种对土壤真菌群落相对丰度的影响有差异，圆果化香倒木下的土壤真菌丰富度Chao1指数显著高于青冈栎；3）随腐烂程度加深，4种树种倒木下的土壤真菌群落多样性呈显著增加趋势；4）土壤真菌群落丰度随着距倒木距离的增大（10-50cm）变化明显，如狭叶润楠影响的Pluteus spp.、Mortierella spp.和Ganoderma spp.，枫香的Chaetomium spp.，圆果化香的Mortierella spp.和青冈栎的Phlebia spp.和Oliveonia spp.等。本研究量化了喀斯特森林倒木所影响的土壤真菌群落组成及分布规律，在一定程度上为倒木分解与土壤微生物群落之间的作用机制的深入探索提供了科学依据。 Abstract:Fallen wood is an important component of the forest ecosystem, which plays an important role in ecological conservation, biodiversity maintenance, and forest renewal. Its decomposition regulates the nutrient cycle of the soil and often changed to changes in microbial community structure of the soil. Therefore, quantify the influence of the fallen wood on soil fungus community and distribution is very significance. However, there are few reports about the effects of decomposition of fallen wood on soil microbial community, especially in Maolan kast evergreen broad-leaved deciduous mixed forest, a rare remaining subtropical karst forest with strong original in China and even the world. In this paper, the fallen woods of four common tree species (Machilus rehderi, Liquidambar formosana, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Platycarya longipes) that are in mildly, moderately and severely deciduous decay levels in Maolan's evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Guizhou are selected as the research object. Three different horizontal distances (10 cm, 30 cm, and 50 cm) from the outer edge of the fallen wood were used to analyze the effects of tree species, decay grade and distance on the types and abundance of soil fungi community. The results show that:1) the soil fungi affected by the fallen woods of the four tree species in the karst forest are mainly Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucor in the phylum classification, and the dominant genera are Mortierella spp., Phlebia spp., Pluteus spp. and Chaetomium spp., etc; 2) Different tree species of fallen woods have different effects on the relative abundance of soil fungi communities. The soil fungi richness Chao1 index under the fallen wood of the Platycarya longipes is significantly higher than that of Cyclobalanopsis glauca; 3) With the deepening of decay, the soil fungal community diversity under the fallen wood of the four tree species showed a significant increasing trend; 4) The abundance of soil fungal communities changes significantly with the increase of the distance from the fallen wood (10- 50 cm), such as Pluteus spp., Mortierella spp. and Ganoderma spp. are affected by Machilus rehderi, Chaetomium spp. of Liquidambar formosana, Mortierella spp. of Platycarya longipes, Phlebia spp. and Oliveonia spp. of Cyclobalanopsis glauca, etc. This study quantified the soil fungal communities composition and distribution patterns affected by fallen woods in karst forests, and provided a scientific basis for further exploration of the mechanism of interaction between soil microbial communities and fallen wood decomposition to some extent. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Variations in species and function diversity of soil fungal community along a desertification gradient in an alpine steppe

Desertification can pose threats to global socioeconomic development, ecological and environmental safety, human health and survival. Species and function diversity are two aspects of biodiversity, and soil fungal community are important decomposers, playing important roles in element cycling. A field experiment was performed along a desertification gradient in an alpine steppe, the Northern Tibet to investigate how can the species α-diversity and composition, function α-diversity and composition change. No significant differences of species α-diversity were observed among the five desertification treatments. A significant difference of the function α-diversity was only observed between the light and severely heavy desertification treatments. Significant differences of species composition were observed between any two of the five desertification treatments. Function composition between not all any two treatments had significant differences. The changes of species and function composition along the desertification gradient were mainly attributed to BGB:AGB, 0.15–2 mm and < 0.15 mm soil particles. Two phyla (Glomeromycota and Zygomycota) and two trophic modes (Symbiotroph and Pathotroph-Saprotroph) were the differentially taxa and ecological functions, respectively, which indicated that the two phyla and trophic modes can be used to indicate desertification gradient, and combination of species and function composition may be better in monitoring desertification conditions.

DNA sequence and community structure diversity of multi-year soil fungi in Grape of Xinjiang

This study is designed to understand the community structure and diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of grape. As the sample for this study, the rhizosphere soil of Crimson seedless grape with different planting years was collected from Shihezi in Xinjiang to carry out high-throughput sequencing, by which the complete sequence of soil fungi DNA was identified, and accordingly, the richness and diversity index of fungi were determined. The results showed that the dominant phyla of fungi in the grape rhizosphere soil with different planting years were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and the dominant classes of fungi were Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Soil organic matter, total potassium, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main soil fertility factors affecting the abundance and diversity of soil fungal communities, among which soil organic matter had the most significant influence. In addition, the fungal diversity and richness were highest in the middle layer (20–35 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 12 planting years and lowest in the lower layer (35–50 cm) of the grape rhizosphere soil with 5 planting years. Linear discriminant analysis suggested that there were more biomarkers in the vineyard rhizosphere soil with 10 planting years, which meant there were more fungal communities with significant difference in the soil, especially in the middle layer (20–35). The results of this study can provide data reference and theoretical basis for improving vineyard soil quality, evaluating soil microecological effects and improving ecological environment of vineyard soil.

Function diversity of soil fungal community has little exclusive effects on the response of aboveground plant production to experimental warming in alpine grasslands

We performed a long-term warming experiment in three alpine grassland sites (i.e., site A, B and C with an elevation of 4313, 4513 and 4693 m, respectively) of the Northern Tibetan Plateau since 2010. Aboveground plant production (i.e., normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; soil adjusted vegetation index, SAVI and aboveground biomass, AGB) and soil fungal function at the 0–10 cm depth were examined in 2017 and 2018. The ITS high-throughout sequencing technology was used to obtain soil fungal community and then the FUNGuild tool was used to obtain soil fungal function. Experimental warming significantly reduced NDVI, SAVI and AGB by 27.92%, 27.80% and 14.78% at the site A in 2017, respectively. Experimental warming significantly increased the number of trophic model by 41.18% in 2017 and Simpson index at the trophic model level by 46.40% in 2018 at site B. Experimental warming significantly increased the number of guilds by 63.46% and 28.28%, and Shannon index at the guild level by 24.11% and 85.51% at site A and B in 2017, respectively. Experimental warming did not significantly affect the β-diversity of soil fungal function. Aboveground plant production increased significantly with increasing environmental moisture, ammonium nitrogen and the β-diversity of soil fungal function at the guild level, but decreased significantly with increasing environmental temperature and soil pH. The α- and β-diversity of soil fungal function had confounded effects with other factors (i.e. environmental temperature and moisture, soil ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and pH) on aboveground plant production. In contrast, the exclusive effects of α- and β-diversity of soil fungal function on aboveground plant production was minimal and even negligible. Therefore, soil fungal function had negligible exclusive effects on the response of aboveground plant production to experimental warming in alpine grasslands, Northern Tibet.

Effects of short-term application of Moutai lees biochar on nutrients and fungal community structure in yellow soil of Guizhou.

In order to realize the utilization of Moutai lees and the improvement of soil fertility of yellow soil in Guizhou, a field experiment was carried out to study the effects of short-term application of Moutai lees biochar on nutrients and fungal community structure diversity of yellow soil. The results showed that the application of Moutai lees biochar increased the pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK), while the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were reduced. The application of biochar significantly reduced the number of fungal OTU and community diversity. The application of biochar increased the relative abundances of Chytridiomycota and Mortierellomycota, while the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly reduced. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that SOM, NH4+-N and NO3--N were the key factors correlated with changes in microbial community structure. Overall, the short-term application of lees biochar can not only improve the nutrient content of yellow soil, but also change the structure and diversity of soil fungal communities. More importantly, Moutai lees biochar can reduce the relative abundance of some pathogenic fungi and play the role of inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful plant pathogens.