Diversity Of Respondents Research Articles

Abstract 6337: Assessing genomic literacy among medical trainees and practitioners in Pakistan

Abstract Genomic literacy has a significant impact on the successful application and deployment of new practices such as precision medicine. It can be described as the ability to achieve, process, understand, and apply genomic knowledge to health-related decision-making. The aim of this study is to assess the level of genomic literacy, including the knowledge of genetic testing, its outcomes, and its significance among medical trainees and practitioners in Pakistan. This study also offers recommendations for improving genomic literacy within the medical community in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study for which an online questionnaire was designed in the English language using Google Forms. The questionnaire was distributed among trainees and practitioners across Pakistan through online social media platforms. The survey comprised of 36 questions categorized into three sections namely demographics, quantitative questions, and knowledge section. A total of 219 medical professionals (56% trained in medicine while 44% in Dentistry) responded to the survey. Medical practitioners from 27 different cities across Pakistan participated in the survey but with a clear bias towards the city of Peshawar (90%). The majority of the participants (57.5%) were trainee medical officers. Most of the participants in this cohort were aware of genetics, the genome, and PCR technology but 74.9% were not familiar with genetic tests in their specialty. The mean total score for the multiple-choice questions among the participants was 62.5% graduates of medicine (65%) outperforming those in dentistry (59%). Participants were asked about their interest in further learning opportunities about genomics, for which 71% answered in affirmation, however, the remaining were not overly interested. Genomic literacy level can be considered satisfactory at the level of classical genetics, yet there is a clear need for training in molecular biology concepts such as protein synthesis, gene expression, and genome structure within the medical community. With a limited sample size and diversity of respondents, the subject warrants a broader survey to assess genomic literacy which can help in better planning for wider adoption of genomic testing in the medical community. Findings of this survey also highlight the need for assessing medical communities in other low-resource and underprivileged settings to help enhance our understanding and avoid a looming ‘genomics divide’. Citation Format: Madina Barakzai, Shagufta Rehmat, Faisal F. Khan. Assessing genomic literacy among medical trainees and practitioners in Pakistan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6337.

Development and Validation of a Community Assessment Survey for Diverse Rural Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.

Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally-based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers.

Food taboos and related misperceptions during pregnancy in Mekelle city, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Most communities, rural or urban, have taboos regarding foods to avoid during pregnancy, and most have local explanations for why certain foods should be avoided. Such taboos may have health benefits, but they also can have large nutritional and health costs to mothers and fetuses. As such, understanding local pregnancy food taboos is an important public health goal, especially in contexts where food resources are limited. Despite this, information regarding food taboos is limited in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed food taboos, related misconceptions, and associated factors among pregnant women in Northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study of 332 pregnant women in antenatal care (ANC) follow-up at selected private clinics in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopa, recruited between April and May, 2017. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, we assessed whether respondents' observed food taboos, what types of foods they avoided, their perceived reasons for avoidance, diversity of respondents' diets during pregnancy, and respondents' socio-demographic characteristics. After reporting frequency statistics for categorical variables and central tendencies (mean and standard deviation) of continuous variables, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the socio-demographic factors and diet diversity associated with food taboo practices. Around 12% of the pregnant women avoided at least one type of food during their current pregnancy for one or more reasons. These mothers avoided eating items such as yogurt, banana, legumes, honey, and "kollo" (roasted barley and wheat). The most common reasons given for the avoidances were that the foods were (mistakenly) believed to cause: abortion; abdominal cramps in the mother and newborn; prolonged labor; or coating of the fetus's body. Maternal education (diploma and above) (AOR: 4.55, 95% CI: 1.93, 10.31) and marital status (single) were found to be negatively associated (protective factors) with observances of pregnancy food taboos. Approximately 79% of respondents had pregnancy diets that were insufficiently diverse, although we did not find any statistical evidence that this was associated with adhering to food taboos. The misconceptions related to pregnancy food taboos should be discouraged insofar as they may restrict women's consumption of nutritious foods which could support maternal health and healthy fetal development. Health providers should counsel pregnant women and their husbands about appropriate pregnancy nutrition during ANC visits.

Effects of social network diversity in the disablement process: a comparison of causal inference methods and an outcome-wide approach to the Indonesian Family Life Surveys, 2007\u20132015

BackgroundSocial networks (SN) have been proven to be instrumental for healthy aging and function as important safety nets, particular for older adults in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the importance of interpreting health outcomes in terms of SN, in many LMICs – including Indonesia – epidemiological studies and policy responses on the health effects of SN for aging populations are still uncommon. Using outcome-wide multi-method approaches to longitudinal panel data, this study aims to outline more clearly the role of SN diversity in the aging process in Indonesia. We explore whether and to what degree there is an association of SN diversity with adult health outcomes and investigate potential gender differences, heterogeneous treatment effects, and effect gradients along disablement processes.MethodsData came from the fourth and fifth waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey fielded in 2007–08 and 2014–15. The analytic sample consisted of 3060 adults aged 50+ years. The primary exposure variable was the diversity of respondents’ SN at baseline. This was measured through a social network index (SNI), conjoining information about household size together with a range of social ties with whom respondents had active contact across six different types of role relationships. Guided by the disablement process model, a battery of 19 outcomes (8 pathologies, 5 impairments, 4 functional limitations, 2 disabilities) were included into analyses. Evidence for causal effects of SN diversity on health was evaluated using outcome-wide multivariable regression adjustment (RA), propensity score matching (PSM), and instrumental variable (IV) analyses.ResultsAt baseline, 60% of respondents had a low SNI. Results from the RA and PSM models showed greatest concordance and that among women a diverse SN was positively associated with pulmonary outcomes and upper and lower body functions. Both men and women with a high SNI reported less limitations in performing activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) tasks. A high SNI was negatively associated with C-reactive protein levels in women. The IV analyses yielded positive associations with cognitive functions for both men and women.ConclusionsDiverse SN confer a wide range of strong and heterogeneous long-term health effects, particularly for older women. In settings with limited formal welfare protection, intervening in the SN of older adults and safeguarding their access to diverse networks can be an investment in population health, with manifold implications for health and public policy.

Pengaruh OCB dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Batara Titian Kencana (Xtrans) Cabang Menteng - Jakarta Pusat

Effect Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior And Employee Motivation To Employees Performance PT Batara Titian Kencana (Xtrans) Branch Menteng - Jakarta Pusat. Based on the results of research conducted on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Work Motivation on Employee Performance of PT Batara Titian Kencana (XTRANS) Menteng Branch - Central Jakarta, the writer can draw the following conclusion: 1. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Employee Performance PT Batara Titian Kencana Xtrans showed a correlation coefficient of 0.736 which means a strong influence between OCB on employee performance, while the diversity of respondents based on OCB variables that have been studied by the authors are dominated by indicators to colleagues who do not understand I am willing to tell about how the use of work tools yag well and true in carrying out all the work we do. 2. Motivation and Performance of employees of PT Batara Titian Kencana Xtrans showed a correlation coefficient of 0.711 which means a strong influence between work morivation variable on employee performance, while the diversity of respondents based on motivation variables that have been studied by the writer dominated by indicators I always try to improve work productivity . 3. In the result of correlation analysis between Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Work Motivation to Employee Performance is strong and significant, it is shown figure in table R = 0,736. So it can be concluded that there is a strong influence between OCB variables work motivation together to employee performance. That is, employees can provide the best for companies or organizations, thus will affect both the performance of the employees themselves. Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Employee Motivation To EmployeesPerformance

Communication Hotspots: How Infrastructure Shapes People’s Health

ABSTRACT Informed by communication infrastructure theory (CIT) and the social capital approach to health, this study focused on the role played by communication hotspots: physical places in a community (e.g., parks, churches, or restaurants) where health information is shared between network actors. By analyzing survey data that included information about communication infrastructure, frequency of health conversations, as well as the size and diversity of respondents’ social networks, this study illustrates how communication hotspots may reduce perceived barriers to healthcare among Latinas in the greater Los Angeles area (N = 780). The results suggest that communication hotspots can influence people’s health by facilitating information-sharing activities. In addition, communication hotspots may reduce perceived barriers to healthcare by bringing together diverse network actors. We conclude by considering future health interventions and policy planning to leverage and enhance community members’ interactions at communication hotspots.

Conducting surveys with multidisciplinary health care providers: Current challenges and creative approaches to sampling, recruitment, and data collection.

Surveys represent one of the most common and useful ways to collect self-reported data on a wide variety of topics and from a diversity of respondents, including health care providers (HCPs). Unfortunately, survey response rates have been declining for decades; surveys with HCPs often yield response rates of 40% or less. Another major challenge in surveys with HCPs arises from difficulties in identifying appropriate sampling frames. The lack of appropriate sampling frames is particularly problematic when trying to survey multiple types of HCPs or those who work in unusual practice settings or specialties. The purpose of this paper is to describe the current challenges to survey research with college HCPs who are members of multidisciplinary care teams, and propose alternative approaches to sampling and data collection. An exemplar is provided in which three different approaches to sampling, recruitment and data collection were undertaken with a multidisciplinary sample of college HCPs. The three approaches are compared in terms of response rates, costs, and sample characteristics. Differences were noted in effort, response rates, and sample characteristics. Respondents recruited from professional organization mailing lists were disproportionately from smaller, private college/universities, as compared with those recruited from colleges/universities selected from a U.S. Department of Education list. However, no differences in variables of interest were found between the three samples, reducing concerns of potential bias. Developing best practices for surveying multiple types of HCPs will become increasingly important as we seek to better understand current care processes and plan implementation studies to promote the adoption of practice recommendations.

Does Device or Connection Type Affect Health Preferences in Online Surveys?

Recent evidence has shown that online surveys can reliably collect preference data, which markedly decrease the cost of health preference studies and expand their representativeness. As the use of mobile technology continues to grow, we wanted to examine its potential impact on health preferences. Two recently completed discrete choice experiments using members of the US general population (n = 15,292) included information on respondent device (cell phone, tablet, Mac, PC) and internet connection (business, cellular, college, government, residential). In this analysis, we tested for differences in respondent characteristics, participation, response quality, and utility values for the 5-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) by device and connection. Compared to Mac and PC users, respondents using a cell phone or tablet had longer completion times and were significantly more likely to drop out during the surveys (p < 0.001). Tablet users also demonstrated more logical inconsistencies (p = 0.05). Likewise, respondents using a cellular internet connection exhibit significantly less consistency in their health preferences. However, matched samples for tablets and cell phones produced similar EQ-5D-5L utility values (mean differences < 0.06 on a quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] scale for all potential health states). Allowing respondents to complete online surveys using a cell phone or tablet or over a cellular connection substantially increases the diversity of respondents and the likelihood of obtaining a representative sample, as many individuals have cell phones but not a computer. While the results showed systematic variability in participation and response quality by device and connection type, this study did not show any meaningful changes in utility values.

A KINDERGARTEN TEACHER IN STUDENTS’ CREATIVE MOTOR EXPRESSION DEVELOPMENT

The article discusses an issue of teacher’s work with preschool children in regard to movement design. The emphasis was placed on creative methods, application of which implies a child’s complete personality formation. Movement is the most important stimulator of physical development, and creative movement also influences intellectual, emotional and social development. A unique personality of a preschooler requires a teacher to have an innovative attitude and to use diversified and novel methods in physical education. Children’s creativity can only be developed by creative teachers. Therefore, research was undertaken, which established to what extent teachers use motor creative expression methods, what’s the status of their preparation for it, and what factors determine the diversity of respondents in this field. The research procedure was based on a diagnostic survey method. A questionnaire was administered among 158 female teachers coming from different local backgrounds and diversified in terms of age and career progression degree. The survey was supplemented by an observation of the respondents during classes conducted with the use of the creative motor expression methods. The results analysis led to the conclusion that teachers often use these methods. Some differences in their application frequency were noted in favor of teachers from large cities, teachers between 30 and 39 and those who obtained the degree of a certified teacher. A similar distribution of data was observed during the examination of teachers’ preparation level for conducting classes using creative motor methods, although with a higher degree of differentiation and a much lower percentage of well-prepared persons. The overall conclusion is that often poorly prepared teachers conduct classes in a kindergarten using the creative motor expression methods. Therefore, it is important to encourage teachers and to promote innovative forms of professional development through participation in qualification courses, trainings, workshops, etc., and forms of self-education, among others at online educational platforms

Conditions of Economic Efficiency in Industrial Enterprises in the Opinion of Managers

The study presents management’s opinions on conditions and factors influencing economic efficiency in industrial enterprises. The analysis included production companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. More than half of the respondents indicated that market conditions determine tendencies and the level of economic efficiency in their enterprises. The internal conditions occurring in the company, related to management, organisation, technology and sales were less important in this respect. The diversity of respondents’ opinions concerning the importance of particular factors in shaping the level of economic efficiency indicates that the management of a company in this respect is of a complex nature

Value orientations as predictors of cultural and business impact

PurposeThis research was undertaken to further understand a “values” based taxonomy designed to assess the “cultural and business suitability” of managers for appointment to cross‐border business and management roles. In particular, this paper aims to explore the extrapolative and interrelated nature of a two‐dimensional bipolar taxonomy of value orientations; as well as the nature and strength of the relationship between the model's predictors.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 262 cross‐border managers working for a large transnational American owned logistics firm responded to this study. The group completed a questionnaire based on a two‐dimensional taxonomy of value orientations. The dimensions tested were first a manager's values viz., their potential “National Identity”. Secondly, a manager's values vis., their potential “Cross‐Border Business Focus”. Factor analysis and canonical correlations were employed to identify key factor constructs and then to evaluate the measurement fit between the constructs; also to examine any significant relationship between the identified constructs.FindingsResults support both the extrapolative and interrelated nature of the taxonomy with significant results (p&lt;0.05) confirming the strength of the relationships between the identified constructs as potential predictors of “cultural and business impact” and hence “individual suitability” for cross‐border assignments.Research limitations/implicationsWhilst the research is limited to one large US‐owned transnational logistics firm, the diversity of respondents with respect to cultural background; age, gender and amount of experience has not impacted results. Results suggest that awareness of both a manager's “National Identity” and “Cross‐Border Business Focus”, may provide useful additional information vis., a manager's cultural and business impact and hence assist in the selection of managers for cross‐border assignments.Originality/valueResults appear to provide useful insights into the potential “cultural and business suitability” of managers; as well as the early identification of managers, for important cross‐border business and management assignments.