Diversity Of Marine Microorganisms Research Articles

Diversity and Molecular Characterization of Marine Halophilic Bacteria from Southeast Coast of India

The marine environment envelops an enormous natural assorted diversity and can be considered as an unexplored domain. Diversion of biodiversity is an important part of ensuring the safety and stability of the marine ecosystem. The present study aimed to isolate and characterized the marine halophilic bacteria from the Southeast coast of Tamil Nadu, India. Based on colony morphology the isolated bacteria was characterized by gram staining and biochemical test. The isolated marine halophilic bacteria were screened and identified with a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence determined. The result revealed the phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA sequence indicated that 6 bacterial isolates belong to Gram-positive phylum of Firmicutes (CARE-V2 Bacillus flexus, CARE-V12 Virgibacillus halodenitrificans, CARE-V17 Virgibacillus salaries, CARE-V29 Jeotgalicoccus huakuii, CARE-V33 Oceanobacillus iheyensis, and CARE-V34 Virgibacillus sp), and 6 bacterial strains accord to Gram-negative phylum of proteobacteria (CARE-V3 Halomonas sp, CARE-V5 Oceanimonas sp, CARE-V9 Bacterium, CARE-V10 Halomonas salifodinae, CARE-V14 Halomonas venusta, CARE-V31 Salinivibrio sp). This study summarized the marine halophilic bacteria and the diversity of marine microorganisms from the Southeast coast of Tamil Nadu.

Emerging concepts promising new horizons for marine biodiscovery and synthetic biology.

The vast oceans of the world, which comprise a huge variety of unique ecosystems, are emerging as a rich and relatively untapped source of novel bioactive compounds with invaluable biotechnological and pharmaceutical potential. Evidence accumulated over the last decade has revealed that the diversity of marine microorganisms is enormous with many thousands of bacterial species detected that were previously unknown. Associated with this diversity is the production of diverse repertoires of bioactive compounds ranging from peptides and enzymes to more complex secondary metabolites that have significant bioactivity and thus the potential to be exploited for innovative biotechnology. Here we review the discovery and functional potential of marine bioactive peptides such as lantibiotics, nanoantibiotics and peptidomimetics, which have received particular attention in recent years in light of their broad spectrum of bioactivity. The significance of marine peptides in cell-to-cell communication and how this may be exploited in the discovery of novel bioactivity is also explored. Finally, with the recent advances in bioinformatics and synthetic biology, it is becoming clear that the integration of these disciplines with genetic and biochemical characterization of the novel marine peptides, offers the most potential in the development of the next generation of societal solutions.

Exopolysaccharides produced by marine bacteria and their applications as glycosaminoglycan-like molecules

Although polysaccharides are ubiquitous and the most abundant renewable bio-components, their studies, covered by the glycochemistry and glycobiology fields, remain a challenge due to their high molecular diversity and complexity. Polysaccharides are industrially used in food products; human therapeutics fall into a more recent research field and pharmaceutical industry is looking for more and more molecules with enhanced activities. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in animal tissues play a critical role in cellular physiological and pathological processes as they bind many cellular components. Therefore, they present a great potential for the design and preparation of therapeutic drugs. On the other hand, microorganisms producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) are renewable resources meeting well the actual industrial demand. In particular, the diversity of marine microorganisms is still largely unexplored offering great opportunities to discover high value products such as new molecules and biocatalysts. EPS-producing bacteria from the marine environment will be reviewed with a focus on marine-derived EPS from bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Information on chemical and structural features, putative pathways of biosynthesis, novel strategies for chemical and enzymatic modifications and potentialities in the biomedical field will be provided. An integrated approach should be used to increase the basic knowledge on these compounds and their applications; new clean environmentally friendly processes for the production of carbohydrate bioactive compounds should also be proposed for a sustainable industry.

Culturing the unculturable: Expanding the diversity of marine microorganisms for drug discovery

Culturing the unculturable: Expanding the diversity of marine microorganisms for drug discovery

海洋细菌活性物质研究进展<br>Advances in the Bio-Active Products from Marine Bacteria—A Review

海洋多变复杂的环境导致了海洋微生物的多样性。近几年的研究报道显示，占海洋微生物主导地位的海洋细菌产生的活性物质种类最为丰富，因此从海洋细菌中寻找新颖独特的具有药用价值的活性物质具有巨大潜力，海洋细菌也将成为新药筛选的重要资源，在药品开发中具有良好的发展前景。本文通过对近几年在海洋细菌活性物质研究这一领域研究论文的检索和归纳，对海洋细菌活性物质的主要特点和其在抑菌、抗肿瘤和酶及酶抑制剂、抗炎等多个方面的活性进行综述，揭示了海洋细菌活性物质在药物开发中的应用现状，总结了在这一领域现阶段所存在的问题，并对其未来的发展给予了展望。 Ever-changing ocean environment has bred the extreme diversity of marine microorganisms. Recent re- searches showed that marine bacteria, the majority of the marine microorganism, generate abundant bio-active materials, indicating a foreseeable and great potential of the search for novel bio-active products from marine bacteria. This pro- gress has attracted attentions of both academia and business. Marine bacteria could become a new resource in drug screening and show a promising development prospect. Based on the recent works of bio-active material from marine bacteria, we reviewed their main features and active roles in the study of antibiotics, anti-tumor agents, enzyme and enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory medicine and so on, revealing the current status of marine bacteria bio-active ma- terial in drug development. We summed up the problems encountered at this stage and made a prediction of probable hot spot in the future development.

Gutless Worm Harnesses Carbon Monoxide; Tara Vessel Explores Plankton

The marine worm Olavius algarvensis furnishes its closely associated bacteria with carbon monoxide and hydrogen as energy sources, while they, in turn, enabled it to rid itself of its gut and kidneys by drawing on its metabolites to meet their need for organic carbon compounds, according to Nicole Dubilier and Manuel Kleiner at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiol-ogy in Bremen, Germany, and their collaborators. Separately, the diversity of marine microorganisms exceeds current estimates, basing his estimates on an early analysis of samples from the recently completed Tara Oceans expedition, a three-year voyage to sample marine plankton ecosystems as well as viruses and bacteria, says Jeroen Raes of Vrije Universiteit in Brussels, Belgium. He and Dubilier spoke last June, during the conference “Marine Microbes: Bridging the Gaps from Genomes to Biomes,” held in Lucca, Italy.

Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea*

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 53:21-38 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01230 AME Special: 'Progress and Perspectives in Aquatic Microbial Ecology: Highlights of the SAME 10, Faro, Portugal, September 2007' Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea* Josep M. Gasol1,**, Jarone Pinhassi2,**, Laura Alonso-Sáez3, Hugh Ducklow4, Gerhard J. Herndl5, Michal Koblízek6, Matthias Labrenz7, Yawei Luo4, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán4,8, Thomas Reinthaler5, Meinhard Simon9 1Institut de Ciències del Mar-CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37–49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 2School of Pure & Applied Natural Sciences, University of Kalmar, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden 3Department of Ecology & Evolution, Limnology group, Uppsala University, PO Box 573, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden 4The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA 5Dept. Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (Royal NIOZ), PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands 6Institute of Microbiology CAS, Opatovick´y ml´yn, 379 81 Trebon and Institute of Physical Biology JU, Zámek 136, 373 33 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic 7IOW-Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany 8Centro Oceanográfico de Xixón, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Camín de L’Arbeyal, s/n, 33212 Xixón, Spain 9Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany *All authors contributed equally to this paper**Emails: pepgasol@icm.csic.es, jarone.pinhassi@hik.se ABSTRACT: We now have a relatively good idea of how bulk microbial processes shape the cycling of organic matter and nutrients in the sea. The advent of the molecular biology era in microbial ecology has resulted in advanced knowledge about the diversity of marine microorganisms, suggesting that we might have reached a high level of understanding of carbon fluxes in the oceans. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are large gaps in the understanding of the role of bacteria in regulating carbon fluxes. These gaps may result from methodological as well as conceptual limitations. For example, should bacterial production be measured in the light? Can bacterial production conversion factors be predicted, and how are they affected by loss of tracers through respiration? Is it true that respiration is relatively constant compared to production? How can accurate measures of bacterial growth efficiency be obtained? In this paper, we discuss whether such questions could (or should) be addressed. Ongoing genome analyses are rapidly widening our understanding of possible metabolic pathways and cellular adaptations used by marine bacteria in their quest for resources and struggle for survival (e.g. utilization of light, acquisition of nutrients, predator avoidance, etc.). Further, analyses of the identity of bacteria using molecular markers (e.g. subgroups of Bacteria and Archaea) combined with activity tracers might bring knowledge to a higher level. Since bacterial growth (and thereby consumption of DOC and inorganic nutrients) is likely regulated differently in different bacteria, it will be critical to learn about the life strategies of the key bacterial species to achieve a comprehensive understanding of bacterial regulation of C fluxes. Finally, some processes known to occur in the microbial food web are hardly ever characterized and are not represented in current food web models. We discuss these issues and offer specific comments and advice for future research agendas. KEY WORDS: Carbon flux · Microbial ecology · Ocean · Bacteria · Protists · Light · Genomics · Chemoautotrophy · Models Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Gasol JM, Pinhassi J, Alonso-Sáez L, Ducklow H and others (2008) Towards a better understanding of microbial carbon flux in the sea*. Aquat Microb Ecol 53:21-38. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01230Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 53, No. 1. Online publication date: September 18, 2008 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.