Diversity Of Human Experience Research Articles

Complexity in the perspective of the ontological turn in modern anthropology

The article examines the forms of representation of the idea of the diversity of being that have developed outside Western European philosophy and science. The paper presents an analysis of the proposed F. Descola, E. Cohn and E. V. de Castro reconstructions of “Indian” ontologies, which are positioned as an alternative to the West «metaphysics». The models constructed within the framework of anthropological reconstructions are based on a number of ontological assumptions (multi-naturalism, reinspectivism, multimodality), which are considered as forms of representation of diversity. The author examines the boundaries of the decentered ontology of diversity, the peculiarities of the relationship between objective and subjective complexity in the mythology of Indian collectives. In the context of the described theoretical models, complexity is considered as a relational, transversal category relevant for describing the processuality of existence, the diversity of human experience, the relationship between man, society and culture. The article also presents a comparative analysis of the ideas of diversity that have developed in “Indian” metaphysics and in the directions of modern philosophy (“new ontologies”) and science (synergetics).

A Sociotechnical Approach to Smartphone Research: Outline for a Holistic, Qualitative Mobile Method

Smartphones have become crucial for understanding how digital technologies are adopted and adapted into people's lives, while also emerging as tools for studying social phenomena more broadly. Drawing on insights from our own longitudinal work in Solomon Islands, this article details a sociotechnical approach to smartphone research that combines both potentialities. It distinguishes itself from other smartphone-based methods by connecting media-centric perspectives with non-media-centric approaches through an additional focus on body techniques. The approach is centered on object-centric, semi-structured interviews embedded in longitudinal participant observation and theoretically informed by anthropologies of technologies. Emphasizing a holistic perspective and the diversity of human experiences, this approach allows for generating material evidence of contextually-embedded mediations of social relationships through the hardware and software of the phones themselves.

Cognitive Analysis of “Fog” Metaphor in Poetry of the Tang Dynasty

In the cognitive linguistic view, metaphor is not only a linguistic device but also a mode of thinking that people use to conceptualize and comprehend the world. Cconceptual metaphors are a set of mappings from a concrete source domain from an abstract target domain. The cognitive foundation of conceptual metaphor is a variety of human experience. Poetry of the Tang Dynasty abounds with metaphorical images. Fog is a regularly used image in poetry of the Tang Dynasty. Yet the research on fog from the perspective of conceptual metaphor remains as an under-explored area. Based on conceptual metaphor theory, the current research aims to sort out the classification of fog metaphors and the cognitive foundation as well as cultural motivation behind those fog metaphors in poetry of the Tang Dynasty. The cognitive analysis of fog can offer a new dimension to the exploration of both the image of fog and metaphor in poetry of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, the cognitive approach to fog metaphor in poetry of the Tang Dynasty can better reflect the unique cultural cognition of ancient China, and extend the research on classical Chinese poetry, which is a step forward in cognitive poetics, and offer implications for the appreciation, translation and teaching of poetry of the Tang Dynasty.

Use of Mixed Methods in Social Sciences Research

The landscape of social sciences is inherently complex and multifaceted, demanding a comprehensive and nuanced approach to research methodologies. This paper highlights the significance of mixed methods research in addressing the intricate and dynamic nature of social phenomena. Mixed methods not only enhance the validity and reliability of research findings but also allow for a holistic understanding of social phenomena and empower researchers to explore the comprehensiveness and diversity of human experiences, behaviors, and interactions that the traditional single-method approach often falls short of. Furthermore, mixed methods facilitates the triangulation of data, enabling researchers to corroborate and validate results through diverse lenses, thereby fortifying the robustness of their conclusions. Mixed methods contribute to the development of more effective and informed social and public policy interventions. Adopting mixed methods in social science research is not merely a choice but a necessity for unlocking the full potential of inquiry and advancing our collective understanding of the complex social world.

Designing for sensory adaptation: what you see depends on what you've been looking at - Recommendations, guidelines and standards should reflect this.

Sensory systems continuously recalibrate their responses according to the current stimulus environment. As a result, perception is strongly affected by the current and recent context. These adaptative changes affect both sensitivity (e.g., habituating to noise, seeing better in the dark) and appearance (e.g. how things look, what catches attention) and adjust to many perceptual properties (e.g. from light level to the characteristics of someone's face). They therefore have a profound effect on most perceptual experiences, and on how and how well the senses work in different settings. Characterizing the properties of adaptation, how it manifests, and when it influences perception in modern environments can provide insights into the diversity of human experience. Adaptation could also be leveraged both to optimize perceptual abilities (e.g. in visual inspection tasks like radiology) and to mitigate unwanted consequences (e.g. exposure to potentially unhealthy stimulus environments).

Beyond the Asylum Walls: Tracing the Tapestry of Mental Health Interventions Across Eras and Cultures.

This article offers an extensive review of the changing field of mental health therapies, charting a transformational path from traditional methods to modern breakthroughs and speculating on potential future developments. The story develops by investigating historical viewpoints while reflecting on the present and highlighting the lessons learned and their impact on contemporary practices. We have advanced from the stigmatized constraints of asylums to a paradigm that puts human rights, dignity, and individualized, culturally sensitive treatment first. Modern methods are much more varied and evidence-based, from cutting-edge technical advancements to evidence-based psychotherapies. The ethical considerations arising from the delicate balance of pharmacological therapies underline the responsibility of administering drugs that significantly affect mental health.Cultural factors become a pillar, highlighting how crucial cultural sensitivity is to promoting tolerance. By acknowledging how many facets of the human experience are interrelated, holistic methods help close the gap between the mind and body. Integrative medicine and alternative therapies represent a shift away from reductionist approaches and towarda holistic viewpoint. The delivery of mental health treatment is being reimagined by technological advancements, with virtual and digital environments opening up new access and support channels. These developments cut beyond regional boundaries, reinventing conventional therapy dynamics and paving the way for individualized therapies. Cultural concerns highlight the significance of cultural competency in navigating the complex mental health treatment system and adapting interventions to fit the particular requirements of various cultural contexts. With telepsychiatry, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence among the new technologies that promise to further revolutionize mental health therapies, the essay looks to the future. This review concludes by imagining a day when mental health is prioritized, therapies are available, and the diversity of human experience is valued. The path to a society that values, nurtures, and celebrates mental health continues.

Ljudska sloboda i moralna predrasuda

This paper discusses the problem of “moral prejudice” in a democratic society. Moral prejudice is presented as an integral part of the moral norm that is contained in the “social contract” of every nation, which equally implies both written laws and customs of the people. The new, “liberal” moral system, which advocates freedom as the fulfillment of the maximum of human possibilities, and includes as praiseworthy things that the traditional system rejected, is not devoid of prejudice. On the contrary, it comes with a new “prejudice” according to which all traditional morality should be discarded, with extreme condemnation, as oppressive. New moral norms, which did not exist as such in laws and customs, are often imposed by judicial interpretations of key rights and freedoms of citizens. Very often these judicial interpretations rest on the very antipodes of traditional morality and prevailing popular sentiment, so that they come as a fundamental opposition to the “social contract” based on the consent of the people through past, present and future generations. These efforts to impose a new moral system on everyone, regardless of their will, are essentially paternalistic and violent. The true task of a free society is to create pluralism in which different groups will have their right to their own moral system, and in which a new prejudice will not arise under the guise of a universal measure of good human life, which ignores diversity in human experience and worldviews. Keywords: positive liberty, negative liberty, social contract, moral prejudice, sexual morality.

MCCLESKEY ACCUSED Justice Powell and The Moral Price of Institutional Pride

<i>MCCLESKEY</i> ACCUSED Justice Powell and The Moral Price of Institutional Pride

Being “in-tact” and well: metaphysical and phenomenological annotations on temporal well-being

Well-being depends not only on what happens but also on when it happens. There are temporal aspects of well-being, and to a large extent those aspects are about relative timing—about being “in-tact.” On the one hand, there is a perspectival aspect about being in-tact with one’s past, present, and future or, in a less involved sense, with one’s life as a whole. On the other hand, there is a synchronization aspect of being in-tact; and this aspect occurs on different levels: It might be about the alignment between different temporal domains—such as time as individually perceived and physical or intersubjective time. Or it might be about a single domain, especially the inner dynamics of individual time. The danger of not experiencing and acknowledging the relational character of these different timings likely leads to a substantial loss in the variety of human experience. Important aspects of subjective and intersubjective experience might fade away. The present paper discusses these aspects of well-being along the lines of distinctions and concepts prominently used in the metaphysics and the phenomenology of time. Thus, the paper also aims to complement the existing literature by bringing together important strands of current philosophical research.

COMIC SEX AND ‘FRAGMENTARY THINKING’: DAMOXENUS, FR. 3PCG

AbstractOur extant texts never give a fully comprehensive or representative impression of classical literature. Fragments are valuable because they tell—or hint at—a different story. They represent vestigial traces of a counterfactual alternative version of literary history, and they offer tantalizing glimpses of voices or varieties of human experience that were (accidentally or deliberately) excluded from the classical canon. To ‘think fragmentarily’ is to think beyond the canon and to question traditionally dominant modes of thought. This article uses a neglected fragment of Damoxenus (fr. 3 PCG) as a case study for ‘fragmentary thinking’. This extraordinary fragment reveals that Damoxenus’ comedy dramatized a homosexual love story, in sharp contrast to the familiar heteronormative marriage plots of Menander and other Greek and Roman comic playwrights. Careful examination of a single fragment can prompt us to re-examine conventional scholarly narratives of sexuality in New Comedy.

Against what?

Against <i>what</i>?

On the complexity of assimilation in urban communities

Cities are microcosms representing a diversity of human experience. The complexity of urban systems arises from this diversity, where the services that cities offer to their inhabitants have to be tailored for their unique requirements. This paper studies the complexity of urban environments in terms of the assimilation of its communities. We examine the urban assimilation complexity with respect to the foreignness between communities and formalize the level of complexity using information-theoretic measures. Our findings contribute to a sociological perspective of the relationship between urban complex systems and the diversity of communities that make up urban systems.

The Significance of Cyberlearning in Economic Education

We analyze the potentials of web-based and mobile-based digital technology to disseminate, inform, transmit, instruct, and exchange course content in the teaching of economics. Cyberlearning is the use of networked computer technology to enhance the mode of educational content delivery to learners, and involves personal, social, and distributed learning that is mediated by a variety of rapidly evolving computational devices such as computers, tablets, and smart phones, and involving other media such as the Web, and the Cloud. Yet cyberlearning is not only about learning to use computers or to think computationally; social networking has made it clear that the need is much more encompassing, including new modes of collaborating and learning for the full variety of human experiences mediated by networked computing and communications technologies. Educators have continued to search for answers about how new digital tools and environments can be utilized to enhance learning among students of our contemporary “New Age” generation. In the present paper we examine the potentials of cyberlearning and the opportunities it offers for promoting and assessing learning, made possible by new technologies; and how it can help learners to capitalize on those opportunities and the new practices that are made possible by these learning technologies. In particular, we examine ways of using technology for economics education to promote effective learning that result in deep rooted grasping of content, practices, and skills that will ultimately shape attitudes and contribute to enhanced policy and progress in economic matters of society.

Colonized by the development discourse: life and living heritage in the shadow of antiquities

PurposeTangible and intangible aspects of living heritage shape the identity of communities whose daily experience is integrated into heritage cultural spaces. Interference in this intricately woven, historically rich context may have significant sociocultural and material consequences for the people inhabiting it. Using the example of the ancient Theban Necropolis and “modern” Gurna, the paper looks at the loss of contemporary cultural heritage in favor of Pharaonic antiquities to question the model of heritage management and development practiced through violence in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachWritten from a decolonial perspective, the paper is positioned within the post-development school of thought. It applies subjectivist epistemology to argue for pluriversality.FindingsFocusing on the historical context of the community of Gurnawis, the paper highlights power inequalities among heritage stakeholders and discusses the violence of coloniality that challenges the freedom of human experiences and representations.Social implicationsDecolonial in nature, the paper has a futuristic horizon. It calls for decolonization of the discourse of development, which remains marred by the Western understanding of “civilizational advancement” seen as modernization, industrialization and economic growth. It further argues for imagining alternatives to the current social realities, which would account for the diversity of human experiences and consider a pluriverse of meanings.Originality/valueThe paper applies a decolonial perspective to the study of heritage to demonstrate the impact of colonial rationality on the theory and practice of the discipline of archaeology, as well as its consequences for heritage management in Egypt. Speaking from the standpoint of the marginalized population of Gurna, the paper further reveals the damage done by the colonial discourse of development to those who dare to create and live their own reality.

Феноменология: ретроспективный и проспективный подходы (предварительный план исследования)

The article outlines ways to determine the theoretical preconditions for the formation of phenomenological philosophy and provides some examples of the practical application of the phenomenological method in current social and human studies. The specificity of the approach implemented in the article is that the authors deliberately refuse to consider the primary sources of phenomenology (Kant, Brentano, etc.) and turn to the primary sources of this doctrine in ancient philosophy. The authors assume that addressing ancient philosophy allows to reveal all capabilities of the phenomenological method. The application of the phenomenological method in psychology faces a number of difficulties. Firstly, there is a problem of distinguishing between philosophy and psychology. Secondly, there is a difficulty in combining scientific (dogmatic) and phenomenological (anti-dogmatic, critical) knowledge. The task of a phenomenological psychologist is to develop an understanding of the diversity of human experience, guided by unpackaged knowledge. Therefore, an appeal to the philosophical heritage of the past, and above all to ancient and medieval texts, is a justified decision, because the first prescientific attempts of thinkers to find ways to describe experience are found there.

Representing Spaces, Performing Places: le strade di Londra nel romanzo Absolute Beginners (1958) di Colin MacInnes e nella sua versione cinematografica

This paper addresses life in London in the late 1950s portrayed by the musical film Absolute Beginners (1986) directed by Julien Temple and its fictional source, that is Colin MacInnes’ novel of the same name (1958). While the musical film has been criticized for its lack of character development and for its last-minute attack on racism, MacInnes’ Absolute Beginners was a successful novel. It tells the story about youth subcultures in postwar London and in this paper I will examine the way in which the City of London and its transformation is portrayed as a urban space/place where young people create and establish new places and spaces for themselves for their regular encounters. So, London as the setting becomes not just a background element but a driving force in the whole story. By seeking to understand London as a site of local encounter, global exchange, national significance, and social memory this paper aims at providing an analysis of the places and spaces both of the film musical and the novel which characters absorb the audience/reader and show the variety of human experience of the capital as seen through the eyes (and camera lens) of a nameless 18 year-old photographer.

Early Environments Shape Neuropeptide Function: The Case of Oxytocin and Vasopressin.

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are neuropeptides that govern the social-emotional functioning of humans. We contend that to fully understand their function, research should consider how they are flexibly fitted to maximize survival and reproduction given the variety of human experience. In a series of two studies, we show that early life stress is associated with change in the core function of OT and AVP in evolutionary predictable ways: Under high early life stress, AVP promotes threat-detection capabilities, whereas OT motivates non-selective proximity seeking to others. Conversely, under low early life stress these neuropeptides have an opposite, yet adaptive response: AVP promotes low vigilance and preservation of energy, whereas OT increases detection of interpersonal flaws. Our results demonstrate the plasticity of neuropeptide functioning that mirrors the variance in human social-emotional functioning.

Empires as ecosystem engineers: Toward a nonbinary political ecology

Calls to eliminate nature/culture dualities in favor of nondualist ontologies present analytical challenges; how might we approach entangled socionatural worlds in ways that neither reduce the complexity and diversity of human experience and yet also allow nonhuman agents their ‘voices’? The disparate analytical vocabularies of the human and natural sciences were not designed for this purpose. The use of ecological concepts in anthropology has been contentious, while humans have continued to be located outside of most ecological thinking. Comparative analysis of past empires provides an opportunity to address this challenge. If we view the actions of past empires in terms of their environmental effects, we can also conceptualize these effects as specific forms of ecological action. Using the concept of ‘ecosystem engineer,’ this essay explores how this concept may facilitate comparison of imperial and colonial systems and, critically, how it may inflect and improve anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) models which posit historical relationships between past population and land cover. At the same time, this exercise points to the analytical limits of this concept and perhaps of nondualist ontologies themselves.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENT

Without self-understanding we cannot hope for&#x0D; Enduring solutions to environ­mental problems,&#x0D; Which are fundamentally human problems.&#x0D; —Yi-Fu Tuan, 1974 &#x0D; Human beings interact both with the social world and nature. Both, economic development and stable environment are required for the continual improvement of lifestyle and living standards of the people in the society and for the Earth Community as a whole. But until now, the development was human oriented and limited to rich nations. The development was achieved by damaging the environment and over exploitation of natural resources which were nonrenewable. That caused instability of environment and crossed the threshold limit of environmental damage.&#x0D; The major challenge of our times is to find new and practical ways of drawing inspiration from the rich diversity of human experience as well as modern scientific insights in order to establish effective means of governing human behavior to ensure that we contribute to the prosperity of the whole Earth Community instead of destroying it.

Culturally Relevant Leadership: A Deaf Education Cultural Approach

Culturally Relevant Leadership: A Deaf Education Cultural Approach Cultural Proficiency: A Manual for School Leaders (3rd ed.). Randall B. Lindsey, Kikanza Nuri Robins, and Raymond D. Terrell. (2009). Corwin Press, 2009. 318 pp. $43.95 (paperback, e-book).In Cultural Proficiency: A Manual for School Leaders, Lindsey, Robins, and Terrell draw on accumulated knowledge from more than 100 years of study in the areas of cultural leadership in education, diversity, and organizational development. The authors discuss how cultural proficiency can help foster effective leadership in current schools and school systems in the face of growing diversity in student populations. They provide a theoretical framework of cultural proficiency and the historical context of changing school demographics, as well as tools and fictionalized case studies to help the reader understand how school leaders can collaborate with others to effect change in a school and make it a more culturally proficient organization. Although Lindsey et al. do not discuss deaf1 education directly, they offer valuable information that administrators, teachers, and other leaders in deaf education can use to become more aware of the diversity of human experience that students who are deaf and hard of hearing bring to school.The goal of the book is to give school leaders the understanding, insight, and resources they need to ensure that the schools they lead become places that value students regardless of their cultural backgrounds. The book is a resource for school leaders who wish to help their schools examine their cultures to determine if and how they may have inadvertently marginalized or disempowered members of minority cultures. The authors introduce four tools for cultural proficiency that will help school leaders become more successful in today's schools:1. how to overcome the barriers to developing cultural proficiency2. nine guiding principles of cultural proficiency as an expression of values3. a cultural proficiency continuum4. essential elements of cultural proficiencyIn the present review, we will attempt to illuminate how schools serving deaf students may find Cultural Proficiency helpful in ensuring that the education offered to the diverse deaf student population is equitable, in that it provides greater access to education for these students. We will illustrate some examples of how to apply the tools offered by the authors of the book. We will also point to areas of Deaf culture and language that merit additional consideration, in addition to the concepts put forth by the authors.Overcoming the Barriers to Cultural ProficiencyThe authors of Cultural Proficiency identify several barriers school leaders must recognize and overcome before they can develop cultural proficiency. The first is lack of knowledge and awareness of the systems of oppression against marginalized populations. These systems affect those who are harmed as well as those who benefit (including, presumably, the school leaders themselves). Those who benefit may be oblivious to the negative effects or may choose not to see them. The second potential barrier to development of cultural proficiency is the leader's sense of privilege and entitlement. This sense of privilege and entitlement may cause educators and leaders to be reluctant to change for the sake of their students because they view any call for change as an outside force that is judgmental of practices that maintain their current status within the larger system.Overcoming the Barriers to Cultural Proficiency: Implications for Deaf EducationEven though the book does not include discussion of deaf students, much of the information in the book can help school leaders see deaf students differently. An important part of the process of moving toward cultural proficiency is the effort to understand and reflect on the history and cultural context of American education and how it has resulted in continued inequities for deaf students. …