Time Diversity Research Articles

Workforce Diversity and disparities in wait time and retention among opioid treatment programs

BackgroundWorkforce diversity is a key strategy to improve treatment engagement among members of racial and ethnic minority groups. In this study, we seek to determine whether workforce diversity plays a role in reducing racial and ethnic differences in wait time to treatment entry and retention in different types of opioid use disorder treatment programs.MethodsWe conducted comparative and predictive analysis in a subsample of outpatient opioid treatment programs (OTPs), who completed access and retention survey questions in four waves of the National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey (162 OTPs in 2000, 173 OTPs in 2005, 282 OTPs in 2014, and 300 OTPs in 2017). We sought to assess the associations between workforce diversity on wait time and retention, accounting for the role of Medicaid expansion and the moderating role of program ownership type (i.e., public, non-profit, for-profit) among OTPs located across the United States.ResultsWe found significant differences in wait time to treatment entry and retention in treatment across waves. Average number of waiting days decreased in 2014 and 2017; post Medicaid expansion per the Affordable Care Act, while retention rates varied across years. Key findings show that programs with high diversity, measured by higher percent of African American staff and a higher percent of African American clients, were associated with longer wait times to enter treatment, compared to low diversity programs. Programs with higher percent of Latino staff and a higher percent of Latino clients were associated with lower retention in treatment compared with low diversity programs. However, program ownership type (public, non-profit and for-profit) played a moderating role. Public programs with higher percent of African American staff were associated with lower wait time, while non-profit programs with higher percent of Latino staff were related to higher retention.ConclusionsFindings show decreases in wait time over the years with significant variation in retention during the same period. Concordance in high workforce and client diversity was associated with higher wait time and lower retention. But these relations inverted (low wait time and high retention) in public and non-profit programs with high staff diversity. Findings have implications for building resources and service capacity among OTPs that serve a higher proportion of minority clients.

Theileria equi in the horses of Iran: Molecular detection, genetic diversity, and hematological findings.

In all equids worldwide, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are believed to be two important erythrocytic protozoa that cause equine piroplasmosis. In addition, it was recently discovered that Theileria haneyi is another potential equine piroplasmosis (EP) agent. Ixodid ticks are the major vectors of these parasites. Equine piroplasmosis is of international importance and affects enormously the equine industry. In this study, for the first time, molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of piroplasma parasites (T. equi and B. caballi) in horses from Fars province (south of Iran) were determined. Also, hematological alterations of naturally infected horses were analyzed. PCR positive horses showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with a left shift of neutrophilia, and monocytosis. PCR results revealed that, from 133 blood samples of horses, 40 samples were positive (30.07%). The occurrence of T. equi in this area (30.07%) was more than the national average prevalence of T. equi (24.11%), but B. caballi prevalence in study area (0%) was less than the average of previous studies in Iran (5.47%). Our findings revealed that the T. equi was widespread in Fars province of Iran. PCR products of 18S rDNA and EMA-1 genes of T. equi strains were sequenced successfully. All 18S rDNA sequences collected in this experiment revealed 100% similarity together. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed using the 18S rDNA gene, Iranian T. equi is clustered with strains from Cuba (KY111762, KY111761) and USA (CP001669, JX177672). So, this could be concluded that T. equi studied in this research, and those strains are initiated from a common T. equi ancestor at an unknown time ago. Also, the phylogenetic tree based on EMA-1 gene demonstrated a genetically diverse population of Iranian T. equi strains (10 different genotypes). As EMA-1 is one of the most immunogenic antigens in this parasite, such variability could be a concern about the efficacy of T. equi vaccines. Finally, more studies on equine piroplasmosis in the provinces of the southern region of Iran are recommended to create a better vision of disease in this region.

A multiple‐input, multiple‐output broadcasting system with space, time, polarization, and labeling diversity

AbstractEnhancing the reliability of wireless links plays an important role in addressing the digital divide between under‐developed and developed nations. Diversity techniques are used in wireless communication to improve link reliability. This article presents a broadcasting system that incorporates space, time, polarization and labeling diversity. The key challenge in incorporating labeling diversity into a system is the design of appropriate bit‐to‐symbol mappers. The latest technique to designing bit‐to‐symbol mappers is to use a genetic algorithm approach, which is applicable to any generic modulation scheme. This article presents a modified genetic algorithm mapper design algorithm based on recent advances in labeling diversity evaluation theory. The proposed system is studied under ideal (uncorrelated) conditions, as well as in the presence of inter‐beam and inter‐antenna inference (correlated conditions). Analytical expressions are presented to model both the correlated and uncorrelated systems, and are verified via Monte Carlo simulations. When compared to the best comparable scheme at a bit‐error‐rate of , results show that the proposed system improves performance by 7 dB for a 16APSK system configuration, and by 5 dB for both 32APSK and 64APSK system configurations. Results also show that the proposed system is highly sensitive to correlation at the transmitting node. In particular, transmit‐side correlation degrades link reliability by 4 orders of magnitude for the 8APSK configuration studied at 25 dB.

Toward Secure IoT Networks in Healthcare Applications: A Game-Theoretic Anti-Jamming Framework

The Internet of Things (IoT) is used to interconnect a massive number of heterogeneous resource-constrained smart devices. This makes such networks exposed to various types of malicious attacks. In particular, jamming attacks are among the most common harmful attacks to IoT networks. Therefore, an anti-jamming power allocation (PA) strategy is first proposed in this article for health monitoring IoT networks by exploiting the game theory to minimize the worst case jamming effect under multichannel fading. This strategy uses an iterative algorithm based on gradient descent to identify the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of the game. An artificial neural network (ANN) model is also proposed to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm making it more suitable for IoT networks. Furthermore, novel data population (DP), extension, and balancing techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of the proposed strategy in combating jamming attacks even for network configurations that were never used in the training phase. In addition, time and spatial diversities are exploited using a heterogeneous iterative algorithm to enhance the security of the network.

France in the Second World War: Collaboration, Resistance, Holocaust, Empire. By Chris Millington

Éric Zemmour, the rabble-rousing extreme-right candidate in the 2022 presidential elections, deliberately sparked controversy by claiming that Pétain had not killed off the Third Republic, but had secretly prepared a French revenge against Germany and had protected French Jews. Zemmour’s interventions were the latest reminder that the painful memory of France’s années noires is still a live issue some eighty years after the Liberation. Books on the Occupation may focus on a particular city or region, or may analyse a specific institution or a particular stratum of society. Or they may, as with Chris Millington’s latest book, offer an overview of the period as a whole. Millington has wisely chosen not to write yet another chronological history of Vichy; he has opted instead to organize his material under a number of themed headings. Throughout the book he fully incorporates notions of gender, colonialism, and ethnicity as he highlights the impact of events in France on the people and institutions of the French empire. In the first chapter, on the trauma of May–June 1940, Millington debunks a number of persistent myths about why France was defeated. Subsequent chapters are devoted to ‘Vichy’, ‘Collaboration’, ‘Resistance’, ‘Persecution’, and ‘Liberation’. Millington raises issues both within and between these, questioning, for example, the usefulness of the notions of ‘resistance’ and ‘collaboration’ within metropolitan and imperial contexts. Influenced by Philippe Burrin (La France à l’heure allemande, 1940–1944 (Paris: Seuil, 1995)), he prefers ‘defiance’ and ‘accommodation’ except when designating the tiny minority who were indisputably collaborators or resisters. In a final chapter, ‘History and Memory’, which precedes a short conclusion, Millington offers an excellent historiographical survey of the period from ‘Mythologizing the Resistance’ (1945–69), through a time of ‘Inconvenient Truths’ (1971–95), and concluding with ‘Diversification and Revisionism’ (2000 onwards). In making sense of Vichy, Millington rightly emphasizes the need to ‘grasp its diversity in space, time and composition’ (p. 52), which he qualifies by underscoring three important constants: Pétain remaining head of government throughout the Occupation; Vichy’s permanent quest for a peace treaty; and the exclusion and persecution of perceived enemies from the very beginning of Vichy’s existence. While few would contest that ‘The regime fully directed its energies into undoing the “damage” inflicted on France during the country’s years of democracy’, the assertion that follows — ‘Persecution was therefore Vichy’s raison d’être’ (p. 179) — is debatable. Persecution was certainly a means to an end for Vichy but not necessarily its raison d’être. Millington is to be praised for having covered the events and issues of this extremely complex historical moment in under two hundred pages without falling into the trap of oversimplification. This lively, stimulating new addition to the study of the années noires will be welcomed by the general reader, while old hands will find much to mull over in the text and are likely to discover new references in the extensive notes.

Effects of Time Delay in Processing Common Clinical Biochemical Parameters in an Accredited Laboratory

INTRODUCTION: Analyte stability time is challenging to employ in clinical settings. The diversity of processing time may affect the accuracy of results. This study evaluates the maximum time delay permissible before sample centrifugation and analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 15 serum electrolytes in 40 samples centrifuged and analysed using an automated analyser. The time was divided into 1, 2, 6, and 24 hours. RESULTS: Most analytes studied remained stable for up to 24 hours before centrifugation. However, delayed processing affected the value of potassium, magnesium, LDH, and calcium after 2 hours up to a maximum of 6 hours at room temperature for total protein, phosphate, and sodium. CONCLUSIONS: Most analytes were unaffected by a delay in centrifugation at room temperatures, but several critical analytes were severely affected.

Mining and analysis of microsatellites in human coronavirus genomes using the in-house built Java pipeline.

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats are motifs of 1 to 6 nucleotides in length present in both coding and non-coding regions of DNA. These are found widely distributed in the whole genome of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses and are used as molecular markers in studying DNA variations, gene regulation, genetic diversity and evolutionary studies, etc. However, in vitro microsatellite identification proves to be time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, the present research has been focused on using an in-house built java pipeline to identify, analyse, design primers and find related statistics of perfect and compound microsatellites in the seven complete genome sequences of coronavirus, including the genome of coronavirus disease 2019, where the host is Homo sapiens. Based on search criteria among seven genomic sequences, it was revealed that the total number of perfect simple sequence repeats (SSRs) found to be in the range of 76 to 118 and compound SSRs from 01 to10, thus reflecting the low conversion of perfect simple sequence to compound repeats. Furthermore, the incidence of SSRs was insignificant but positively correlated with genome size (R2 = 0.45, p > 0.05), with simple sequence repeats relative abundance (R2 = 0.18, p > 0.05) and relative density (R2 = 0.23, p > 0.05). Dinucleotide repeats were the most abundant in the coding region of the genome, followed by tri, mono, and tetra. This comparative study would help us understand the evolutionary relationship, genetic diversity, and hypervariability in minimal time and cost.

A Multi-dimensional Real World Spectrum Occupancy Data Measurement and Analysis for Spectrum Inference in Cognitive Radio Network

Spectrum Inference in contrast to Spectrum Sensing is an active technique for dynamically inferring radio spectrum state in Cognitive Radio Networks. Efficient spectrum inference demands real world multi-dimensional spectral data with distinct features. Spectrum bands exhibit varying noise floors; an effective band wise noise thresholding guarantees an accurate occupancy data. In this work, we have done an extensive real world spectrum occupancy data measurement in frequency range 0.7 GHz to 3 GHz for tele density wise varying locations at Pune, Solapur and Kalaburagi with time diversity ranging from 2 to 7 days. We have applied maximum noise (Max Noise), m-dB and probability of false alarm (PFA) noise thresholding for spectrum occupancy calculations in all bands and across all locations. Overall occupancy across these locations is 37.89 %, 18.90 % and 13.69 % respectively. We have studied signal to noise ratio (SNR), channel vacancy length durations (CVLD) and service congestion rates (SCR) as characteristic features of measured multi-dimensional spectrum data. The results reveal strong time, spectral and spatial correlations of these features across all locations. These features can be used for a multi-dimensional spectrum inference in cognitive radio based on machine learning.

Aesthetic Representation of Cultural Slow Modernity Turn in the Post-epidemic Era

At the beginning of the twentieth century, modernity came onto the scene with various masks. Modernity characterized by accelerated movement and speed echoes the art of the heyday of European aesthetic modernity. But on the other hand, the rapid development of modern industry blurs the perception of the present, and the public is immersed in the pleasure of speed, thus losing the ability to feel the multi-dimensional, appealing and communicating power of the current momentary emotions. The arrival of the epidemic forced this speed to a certain degree. People began to "gaze" at their own era, breaking through the boundaries of learned perception and individualistic thinking. Based on this, Kopnik puts forward the aesthetic point of "slowing down", indicating that a new turn has begun to appear in the accelerated development of the society, that is, through the movement and interaction of the subject in the space in the diversity of time. Momentary flow. Reflected in the field of literature, the state of "slowing down" also allows creators and literary workers to re-plan aesthetic choices, and to carry out a deep sorting and writing of such an important epidemic moment in human history.

Adapting Museum Workflows to Accommodate Omic-based, Multi-species Occurrences from Environmental Samples

Natural history museums play a critical role in curating global anthropological, biological and geological diversity. Museums host more than voucher samples for comparative identification purposes. They host a suite of derived products and associated information, which cascade from these records of diversity in time and space. Increasingly, museums capture whole communities through curation of environmental samples and their derived data. Environmental samples are defined as material samples that yield multi-species occurrence records that cannot be sorted into traditional independent lots and whose membership can only be determined by downstream analytical processes, usually based on the generation of DNA sequence profiles. These materials include samples such as filtered water; feces, gut dissections or gastric lavage; scraped and blended settlement plates; as well as sediment, ice or soil cores. Given the level of ongoing and predicted global change, through the curation of these environmental samples, museums provide time capsules of diversity and longitudinal breadth to examine temporal patterns in phenology, range shifts, species interactions and diversity loss or gain. The future of natural history museums is likely to expand from providing inventory-like services to more observatory functions. They should provide strategic windows to the past by partnering with place-based observatories or targeted regions of predicted change. Rather than individual specimens, environmental samples represent entire systems as events, defined by space and time. Thus, these environmental samples are explicitly event-centric. The cascade of derived information, protocols and handling steps, as well as analytical processes and their associated metadata, needs to be tracked via the minting of persistent identifiers at each material sample and derived data step. Efforts are underway through collaboratively funded programs like the iSamples Cyberinfrastructure group, funded by the US National Science Foundation, to semantically map these various material samples while capturing their parent-child relationships. Moreover, museums, such as the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, are scoping and examining existing systems of record, metadata models and mapping workflows, with particular emphasis on environmental samples. These event-based samples create new challenges for historically taxonomically-siloed departments pertaining to custodianship, permitting, versioning of biodiversity occurrence records based on improved reference libraries, and future use and reuse of these material samples. Management systems are being augmented or adopted to encompass these new workflows to ensure that today’s samples can support tomorrow’s science in service to a sustainable future.

A Deep Learning-Based Decision Support System for Mobile Performance Marketing

In Mobile Performance Marketing (MPM), monetary compensation only occurs when an advertisement results in a conversion (e.g., sale of a product or service). In this work, we propose an intelligent decision support system (IDSS) to automatically select mobile marketing campaigns for users. The IDSS is based on a computationally efficient mobile user conversion prediction model that assumes a novel Percentage Categorical Pruning (PCP) categorical preprocessing and an online deep multilayer perceptron (MLP) reuse model (MLPr). Using private (nonpublicly available) business MPM data provided by a marketing company, the MLPr model outperformed an offline multilayer perceptron and a logistic regression, obtaining a high quality class discrimination when applied to sampled (85% to 92%) and complete (90% to 94%) data. In addition, the MLPr compared favorably with other machine learning (ML) models (e.g., Random Forest, XGBoost), as well as with other deep neural networks (e.g., diamond shaped). Moreover, we designed two strategies (A — best campaign selection; and B — random selection among the top candidate campaigns) to build the IDSS, in which the predictive deep learning model is used to perform a real-time selection of advertisement campaigns for mobile users. Using recently collected big data (with millions of redirect events) from a worldwide MPM company, we performed a realistic IDSS evaluation that considered three criteria: response time, potential profit and advertiser diversity. Overall, competitive results were achieved by the IDSS B strategy when compared with the current marketing company ad assignment method.

Thinning can increase shrub diversity and decrease herb diversity by regulating light and soil environments.

Tree thinning affects the light environment, which in turn affects the growth and survival of understory vegetation, thus improving species diversity and nutrient cycling, as well as the ecological habitat factors. However, the response of understory vegetation to the thinning intensity and short-time effects in the temperate broadleaf-conifer mixed forest is not completely clear. In this study, four permanent plots with a total area of 4 hm2 were established in a mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in northeast China, with thinning intensities of 20% (light thinning, LT), 35% (medium thinning, MT), 55% (heavy thinning, HT) and the unthinned plot (CK), respectively, in accordance with the basal area. The responses of species diversity to changes in understory vegetation were conducted by a structural equation model (SEM). The results showed that compared with CK, thinning significantly increased the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the light quality (R/FR) (p < 0.05), while decreased the contents of soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorous (TP), organic matter (OM), nitrate nitrogen (NN), ammonia nitrogen (AN) and pH. The degree of fragmentation of light factors among the treatment plots gradually decreased as thinning intensity increased. Among all the thinning treatments, PAR and R/FR were found to be the optimal light condition when the forest thinning intensity was 55%. The light condition was found to have a significant negative correlation with soil TN, TP, OM, and AN. While the soil nutrients were positively correlated with herbaceous layer diversity but negatively correlated with shrub layer diversity. The soil nutrients were lost after thinning in a short time and herb diversity decreased, but shrub diversity increased significantly compared with unthinned plots. For the understory vegetation, the species diversity of shrub and herb layer were showed to be more sensitive to soil nutrients than light environment.

Replacement of the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 by the Delta variant in Lebanon between April and June 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand globally, with case numbers rising in many areas of the world, including the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Lebanon experienced its largest wave of COVID-19 infections from January to April 2021. Limited genomic surveillance was undertaken, with just 26 SARS-CoV-2 genomes available for this period, nine of which were from travellers from Lebanon detected by other countries. Additional genome sequencing is thus needed to allow surveillance of variants in circulation. In total, 905 SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced using the ARTIC protocol. The genomes were derived from SARS-CoV-2-positive samples, selected retrospectively from the sentinel COVID-19 surveillance network, to capture diversity of location, sampling time, sex, nationality and age. Although 16 PANGO lineages were circulating in Lebanon in January 2021, by February there were just four, with the Alpha variant accounting for 97 % of samples. In the following 2 months, all samples contained the Alpha variant. However, this had changed dramatically by June and July 2021, when all samples belonged to the Delta variant. This study documents a ten-fold increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 genomes available from Lebanon. The Alpha variant, first detected in the UK, rapidly swept through Lebanon, causing the country's largest wave to date, which peaked in January 2021. The Alpha variant was introduced to Lebanon multiple times despite travel restrictions, but the source of these introductions remains uncertain. The Delta variant was detected in Gambia in travellers from Lebanon in mid-May, suggesting community transmission in Lebanon several weeks before this variant was detected in the country. Prospective sequencing in June/July 2021 showed that the Delta variant had completely replaced the Alpha variant in under 6 weeks.

Small hydropower—Small ecological footprint? A multi-annual environmental impact analysis using aquatic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators. Part 2: Effects on functional diversity

Currently, across the entire European river network, there are an estimated 0.74 barriers per kilometer of river length, with hydropower production being the main cause of riverine habitat fragmentation. On the one hand, policy actions have been proposed by different institutions to limit this impact. On the other hand, the compelling need to produce energy from renewable/sustainable resources is further boosting the impoundment of rivers, since, globally, small hydropower plants are expected to contribute greatly to future energy needs. While a few studies have already analyzed the environmental impact of small hydropower plants by researching the structural communities of benthic macroinvertebrates, none have thus far assessed the potential impacts related to the functional diversity of these communities. Here, following a “Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI)” scheme, we implemented different methodologies to study the functional diversity of benthic communities sampled across 4 sites in a fish-free, glacier-fed stream of the Italian Central-Eastern Alps for 5 consecutive years. More specifically, the sampling sites were chosen in an area near the weir of a small “run-of-river” hydropower plant, which constituted the structure from which water was diverted to the turbine. Specific goals were to assess the potential variation in the functional traits of benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to the weir’s presence, investigate whether a variation in trait distribution was caused by alterations in the abundances of common and rare taxa, and quantify functional diversity in space and time through the application of specific indices. Our initial hypothesis of finding significant differences among the sampling sites after the start-up of the hydropower plant was not confirmed by our results, since the benthic communities at all sites continued to exhibit a largely similar set of traits and, consequently, functional diversity. Our results highlighted the need for a better understanding of the relationships between effect traits and ecological processes to establish thresholds from which a shift in these processes may occur. Hence, a better understanding of the assets and liabilities of already established small hydropower plants may be a guide for more conscious decisions concerning the establishment of new ones and/or changes in the management of already existing ones.

Outage Performance of Cross-Packet HARQ

As opposed to hybrid automatic repeat request with incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) that all the resources are occupied to resend the redundant information, cross-packet HARQ (XP-HARQ) allows the introduction of new information into retransmissions to substantially exploit the remaining resources. This letter provides a profound investigation into the outage performance of XP-HARQ. In particular, the exact outage expression of XP-HARQ is derived if the maximum number of transmissions is two, and tight outage bounds are obtained for more than two transmissions. Moreover, the asymptotic outage analysis of XP-HARQ in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime is carried out not only to simplify the outage expression, but also to show that full time diversity is achievable by XP-HARQ. The simulation results are eventually presented for verifications.

Non-orthogonal multiple access system based on time diversity for 5G applications

Novel coding and modulation methods are required for fulfilling the demands of 5G and beyond cellular communication systems. In this paper, an innovative time diversity non-orthogonal multiple access (TD-NOMA) approach is proposed for 5G applications. The suggested system uses time diversity (TD) in conjunction with NOMA to improve the system bit error rate (BER) performance. The NOMA technique basically employes data transmission based on non-orthogonal basis functions. The data pass through the channel, and the desired signal can be obtained by a successive interference cancelation (SIC) receiver. Using different subcarriers and channel models, different modulation schemes such as QPSK and BPSK are investigated. When compared to conventional methodologies, the simulation results reveal that the proposed system outperforms them; it reduces the effect of fading for the multipath channel and enhances the BER.

Automatic target recognition combining angular diversity and time diversity for multistatic passive radar

Automatic target recognition combining angular diversity and time diversity for multistatic passive radar

Organizational Resilience in Healthcare Organizations: A Research in the Public and Private Sector

Organizational resilience is the ability of an organization to plan, organize emergency, crises, intervention, and resurgence in terms of business continuity. The evaluation of organizational resilience helps organizations to increase their awareness on environment and their ability to react to threats. In this respect, this paper firstly aims to evaluate and contrast healthcare organizations’ resilience prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. Secondly this paper aims to gather data about the strong and weak sides of healthcare organizations and raise awareness on crises. Besides, it will help healthcare organizations to engage in a fruitful planning process concerning the key risks and crises they face. The research took place in healthcare organizations which have a dynamic and uninterrupted service by nature but have at the same time complexity, diversity, and uncertainty. Data were gathered from the employees of a public university hospital and a private hospital by a survey applied to 350 participants. As the results show, the private hospital dissociates positively from the university hospital in terms of resilience measurements. Participants show their institution’s strength in terms of participation in exercises, planning strategies, silo mentality and weakness in encouraging innovation &amp;amp; creativity. Besides, there are significant differences between the responses of decision makers and employees.

Abstract 1699: SignaTree: A tool to identify evolutionary trajectories of the activity of mutational processes in TRACERx

Abstract Introduction: The analysis of somatic mutations has identified different mutational signatures that represent different exogenous or endogenous mutagenic processes active during tumor development. Those biological processes represent a main driver of diversity, but little is known about the dynamics of their activity over time. Based on the multi-region sequencing data of the TRACERx study we developed SignaTree, a tool to deconvolve mutational signatures for each subclone within a phylogenetic tree of a tumor to quantify the dynamics of mutational processes over time. Methods: The subclonal architecture of 396 TRACERx tumors with phylogenetic tree output were used to develop SignaTree and investigate mutational signature dynamics over time. Only mutational signatures that were identified in a de novo signature analysis of the TRACERx 421 patients were included for deconstruction. A randomized sampling technique informed by both ancestral and descendent mutations was used to mitigate the uncertainty of signature deconvolution within small subclones. A bootstrapping method was applied to reconstruct the distribution of the mutational signature activity within the ancestral clone to statistically test the change in signature activity for significance between ancestral and descendent clones. Simulations of mutational signatures within different subclones along a phylogenetic tree were used for validation purposes. Results: SignaTree was identified to better predict mutational signature activity in 83% of simulations in comparison to applying a deconstruction tool (deconstructSigs) without a randomized sampling step for small subclones. 77% of the TRACERx tumors showed at least one significant change in signature activity between ancestral and descendent clones, with the majority of tumors exhibiting multiple shifts in mutational processes during their evolutionary history. The most common signature dynamic observed involved a decrease in smoking signature (SBS4) and an increase in APOBEC (SBS2 + SBS13) related activity. 8% of tumors presented evidence for dynamic fluctuations in APOBEC activity over time (episodic APOBEC) which has previously only been described in vitro. Most of them exhibited episodic APOBEC activity only in a small subset of tumor regions highlighting local heterogeneity in addition to timing diversity of the endogenous APOBEC process. Conclusion: SignaTree allows the deconstruction of mutational signatures within subclones and improves the ability to detect signatures in clones with a low number of mutations. Using this approach, it is possible to identify different evolutionary patterns of mutational signature activity during tumor development including episodic APOBEC activity. Citation Format: Michelle Dietzen, Oriol Pich, TRACERx Consortium, Simone Zaccaria, Charles Swanton, Nicholas McGranahan. SignaTree: A tool to identify evolutionary trajectories of the activity of mutational processes in TRACERx [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1699.

Psychological Mobilization of Innovative Teaching Methods for Students' Basic Educational Curriculum Reform Under Deep Learning.

Educational innovation reform is used as the background. In response to the need to propose innovative educational programs, the concepts of Distributed Deep Neural Network (DDNN) and deep learning under edge computing are used as the basis. A teaching program for Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) is proposed. The average training method is used to verify the performance of the model. Sampling rate means the number of samples per second taken from a continuous signal to form a discrete signal. The accuracy and sample ratio obtained are higher than 95%. The communication volume is 309 bytes, which is in a good range. On this basis, a university uses STEM teaching plans and questionnaires to influence the psychological mobilization factors of students' deep learning effects. Challenging learning tasks and learning motivation have the greatest impact on deep learning, and conclusions that both are positive effects are obtained. Therefore, STEM innovative teaching programs can be widely used. The plan provides a reference theory for improving teaching innovation in the context of the basic educational curriculum reform in China. STEM curriculum is the dual subject of teachers and students, and the learning community includes multi-stakeholders. There are hierarchical relationships among the subjects. In terms of financial support, the first two funds come from the school. Learning communities have dedicated sponsorship partners complemented by clear financial planning. There is not much difference in course resources. Still, the learning community will provide more diversified media forms and special websites, and other auxiliary resources are open to all users. They can obtain first-hand resources without applying. In terms of project form, in addition to the core classroom teaching, the latter two can provide richer activities and realize the diversity of time, space, and information exchange.