Diversity In Entrepreneurship Research Articles

THE IMPACT OF LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Female self-employment can be both a way of increasing female labor force participation and diversity in entrepreneurship. While there are many studies explaining the individual characteristics causing differences in women and men choosing self-employment, studies explaining substantial variation of female entrepreneurship rate between countries are relatively few. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the socio-cultural, legal and economic conditions of the countries that can lead female entrepreneurship rates vary by using World Bank data on 112 countries and dynamic panel data model. Results based on the estimation of this model denotes the importance of legal framework in terms of increasing female entrepreneurship rates alongside the determinants previously searched. The countries reaching closer to legal equality between women and men in terms of business opportunities have higher share of female entrepreneurs.

Diversity in Entrepreneurship - An Experimental Investigation

Diversity in Entrepreneurship - An Experimental Investigation

A framework for antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention: Empirical evidence and research agenda.

Social entrepreneurship (SE) increasingly contributes to diversity in entrepreneurship. The different approaches to SE suggest a variety of antecedents which drive individuals' intention to become social entrepreneurs. While this variety of antecedents is insightful, it also creates a need for systemisation and prioritization. We address this need by introducing an integrative, multi-level framework for person-based antecedents of SE-intention. Based on this multi-level framework the antecedents are grouped on three theoretical levels which refer to an individual's (1) personality, (2) cognition, and (3) entrepreneurial exposition. When testing our framework with 499 South African University students we find support for the multi-level framework and its notion that antecedents from the diverse levels complement each other. Therefore, this study provides a structure for person-based antecedents of SE-intention and additionally points to future research which may extend the proposed framework.

Change tolerance, group focus and students' entrepreneurial intentions: does gender matter?

PurposeThis study examines the impact of cultural dimensions on entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) and the mediating role of planned behavior (TPB) determinants between change tolerance (CT), group focus (GF), and EIs for both men and women in the context of international business schools.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative research design, data were collected in France through anonymous questionnaires. The data consisted of responses from 480 business students. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and the bootstrap method with PROCESS macro were used to determine the significance of the mediation effects.FindingsResults reveal the strong impact of CT on the EIs of both men and women through TPB antecedents. They also indicate that GF has an indirect effect on EIs through TPB antecedents for men and an indirect multiple mediation effect on EIs through CT and TPB antecedents for both men and women.Originality/valueThe extended TPB model is original in that it supports both the determinants of planned behavior and cultural dimensions and provides a valuable perspective through its findings on cultural and gender diversity in entrepreneurship.

Frank Knight and the cognitive diversity of entrepreneurship

AbstractIn Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (RUP), Knight (1921) develops a theory of the firm that stresses the important role of entrepreneurial judgment for a firm's success. For Knight, entrepreneurial judgment is first and foremost the selection of ‘proxy entrepreneurs’ who are capable of making good judgments under uncertainty. In this sense, entrepreneurial judgment is essentially ‘judgment of judgment’. An overlooked implication of Knight's position is the fact that it leads to an endorsement of distributed entrepreneurship and responsibility. We deem this a very modern idea that challenges a completely hierarchical understanding of the firm. Knight himself does not thoroughly examine the institutional implications of the analytical framework he sets up in RUP. In this paper, we summarize the ‘philosophical vision’ of Knight's framework and illustrate his rationale behind the distribution of entrepreneurship. We conclude the paper with a discussion of potential institutional implications by referring to the danger of monocultures, the additional value created by cognitively diverse teams, and the effectiveness of venture capitalists.

The influence of ecosystems on the entrepreneurship process: a comparison across developed and developing economies

Over the past 30 years, the academic literature has legitimised the significant impact of environmental conditions on entrepreneurial activity. In the past 5 years, in particular, the academic debate has focused on the elements that configure entrepreneurship ecosystems and their influence on the creation of high-growth ventures. Previous studies have also recognised the heterogeneity of environmental conditions (including policies, support programs, funding, culture, professional infrastructure, university support, labour market, R&D, and market dynamics) across regions/countries. Yet, an in-depth discussion is required to address how environmental conditions vary per entrepreneurial stage of enterprises within certain regions/countries, as well as how these conditions determine the technological factor of the entrepreneurial process. By reviewing the literature from 2000 to 2017, this paper analyses the environmental conditions that have influenced the transitions towards becoming potential entrepreneurs, nascent/new entrepreneurs, and established/consolidated entrepreneurs in both developed and developing economies. Our findings show why diversity in entrepreneurship and context is significant. Favourable conditions include professional support, incubators/accelerators, networking with multiple agents, and R&D investments. Less favourable conditions include a lack of funding sources, labour market conditions, and social norms. Our paper contributes by proposing a research agenda and implications for stakeholders.

Entrepreneuring gender diversity in entrepreneurship through critical theory and reflexivity

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of conflicts between the innovation ideologies fundamental to entrepreneurial theory and the exclusivity embedded in the discipline’s research and discursive practices.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws upon entrepreneurship and critical theory literature to deconstruct some embedded assumptions inhibiting the participation of women as entrepreneurs.FindingsThe underrepresentation of female and minority entrepreneurs has been examined most often by researchers from the perspective of trying to discover and overcome barriers to participation, rather than seeking to understand why and how these barriers are created and sustained. The paper identifies processes contributing to the construction of obstacles inhibiting inclusivity and proposes that conscientious implementation of practices such as critical reflexivity can limit their reproduction.Research limitations/implicationsBy situating critical theory and reflexivity as key practices for cultivating diversity and innovation in entrepreneurship, this paper offers a useful basis for expanding subsequent research and pedagogical practices representative of a wider variety of populations and activities.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurship is key to job creation and economic growth. Rigid conceptualizations of entrepreneurship and unexamined biases of scholars and educators limit the accessibility of research and constrain students’ entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors.Originality/valueThe paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring disciplinary practices that cultivate and sustain gender exclusivity. It provides a structured approach to understanding discrepancies between the innovation entrepreneurship idealizes and the practices that confine participation to specific populations and economic practices.

Hybrid organizations and the logics of entrepreneurial ecosystems

Growing evidence suggests entrepreneurial ecosystems are a potent engine for economic and community development. Prior research has identified an ecosystem’s culture as serving a critical role in its creation and functioning. However, it is not clear how the cultural forces in entrepreneurial ecosystems develop and are shaped by individuals, organizational actors, and ecosystem-level institutions. Drawing from institutional theory and theories of multiple logic organizations (i.e., hybrids), this paper combines entrepreneurship and management research to argue that entrepreneurial ecosystems are influenced by two dominant institutional logics: entrepreneurial-market and community. By combining both logics, hybrid support organizations, such as incubators, accelerators, and small business development centers, play a unique role in entrepreneurial ecosystems by exposing participants to the two guiding logics. Furthermore, it is argued that intra-ecosystem variation among hybrid support organizations in the dominance of entrepreneurial-market and community logics, will result in a diversity of entrepreneurship within an ecosystem. This theorizing contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystems by shedding light on the role institutional logics and hybrid support organizations play in ecosystem formation, structuring, and function and by explaining the genesis of the cultural values that guide ecosystem participants.

Homophily in Entrepreneurial Team Formation

We study the role of homophily in group formation. Using a unique dataset of MBA students, we observe homophily in ethnicity and gender increases the probability of forming teams by 25%. Homophily in education and past working experience increases the probability of forming teams by 17% and 11 % respectively. Homophily in education and working experience is stronger among males than females. Further, we examine the causal impact of homophily on team performance. Homophily in ethnicity increases team performance by lifting teams in bottom quantiles to median performance quantiles, but it does not increase the chance of being top performers. Our findings have implications for understanding the lack of diversity in entrepreneurship and venture capital industry.

Spatial diversity of economic development between powiats of the Slaskie voivodship

The subject of the article is the internal differentiation of the development of the most urbanized voivodship in Poland. The aim of the study is to assess the scale of the spatial differentiation of economic development of powiats in the Slaskie voivodship in the years 2002—2013. To achieve this, the research methods were used, as follows: a descriptive analysis of selected macroeconomic values, taxonomic analysis and clustering. The results of the analyzes tend to the formulation of two key proposals. Firstly, in the years 2002—2013 a quintile with the highest level of economic development formed the urban powiats of the Silesian agglomeration. Secondly, in the Slaskie voivodship, there were strong internal diversity in entrepreneurship and directions of its development.

Entrepreneurship, discourses and conscientization in processes of regional development

This paper is based upon a regional development project in a ‘vulnerable’ Swedish region consisting of three municipalities. At a first glance, this is a region in decline that is lacking in entrepreneurial initiatives. During a crucial time period the project ‘Diversity in Entrepreneurship’ (DiE) was launched to help the region to become more entrepreneurial and inclusive. An underlying logic was built into the project, which is associated with the critical pedagogy of Paolo Freire. From a Freirean perspective regions lacking in entrepreneurship could be reconsidered emphasizing that the entrepreneurial initiatives are always there–latent–however restrained by certain discourses; in this case a dominant enterprise discourse. Above all the enterprise discourse suppresses the ability for particular groups in society to view themselves as entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Freire's critical pedagogical perspective to entrepreneurship and regional development. An episode illustrating how the enterprise discourse suppresses an equality discourse, introduced by way of the DiE-project, makes the point of departure for discussing the process of ‘conscientization’, which refers to a type of learning that is focused on perceiving and exposing contradictions and to take action against the oppressive elements of reality (Freire 1970). Some key Freirean ideas or concepts are explained, first as they were expressed by Freire and then applied to entrepreneurship and regional development. It is then discussed how these concepts found their expressions in the project. The critical pedagogic perspective not only emphasizes an entrepreneurial potential in every individual, but it also gives an idea of what kind of processes could release entrepreneurial initiatives among those who do not view themselves as entrepreneurs.

Diversity in entrepreneurship: ethnic and female roles in urban economic life

The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of ethnic female entrepreneurship in urban economic life. The focus of the research is on the attitudes and behaviour of Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam. The main question we pose is: Are ethnic female entrepreneurs special ethnic entrepreneurs or special female entrepreneurs? This paper provides an answer to this question on the basis of field surveys. The results of the case study research on Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam show that the “ethnic female profile” is a “special female profile” and that Turkish female entrepreneurs are “special female entrepreneurs”, particularly in terms of their personal and business characteristics, and their driving forces and motivations. They appear to combine their ethnic opportunities with their personal characteristics (and other opportunities) in the urban market, and to perform successfully. This is also due to the fact that they have become service providers for not only their own ethnic groups, but also for other groups in the city.

Diversity in Entrepreneurship: Ethnic and Female Roles in 
 Urban Economic Life

The aim of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of female entrepreneurship in urban economic life. The focus of the research is on the attitude and behaviour of Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam. The main fascinating question is: Are female entrepreneurs entrepreneurs or female entrepreneurs? This paper provides an answer to this question on the basis of field surveys. The results of the case study research on Turkish female entrepreneurs in Amsterdam show that the ethnic female profile is a special female profile and that Turkish female entrepreneurs are special female entrepreneurs, particularly in terms of personal and business characteristics, driving forces and motivations. They appear to combine their opportunities with their personal characteristics (and other opportunities) in the urban market, and to have a successful performance. This is also caused by the fact that they have become service providers not only for their own groups, but also for other groups in the city.

Comment on Walby's "Against Epistemological Chasms: The Science Question in Feminism Revisited": Structured Knowledge and Strategic Methodology

Previous articleNext article No AccessComments and ReplyComment on Walby's "Against Epistemological Chasms: The Science Question in Feminism Revisited": Structured Knowledge and Strategic MethodologyJoey SpragueJoey Sprague Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Signs Volume 26, Number 2Winter, 2001 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/495603 Views: 14Total views on this site Citations: 12Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 2001 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:BERTRAND TCHOUMI SEARCHING FOR THEORETICAL AGENCY: TOWARDS A BLACK AFRICAN IMMIGRANT STANDPOINT EPISTEMOLOGY, Revista de Estudios Africanos , no.11 (Dec 2020): 1–27.https://doi.org/10.15366/reauam2020.1.001Paige L. Sweet Who Knows? Reflexivity in Feminist Standpoint Theory and Bourdieu, Gender & Society 29 (Nov 2020): 089124322096660.https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243220966600Rhea Ashley Hoskin Can femme be theory? Exploring the epistemological and methodological possibilities of femme, Journal of Lesbian Studies 1 (Dec 2019): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1080/10894160.2019.1702288Rhonda Povey, Michelle Trudgett There was movement at the station: western education at Moola Bulla, 1910-1955, History of Education Review 48, no.11 (Jun 2019): 75–90.https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-10-2018-0024Mandy Wheadon, Nathalie Duval-Couetil Entrepreneuring gender diversity in entrepreneurship through critical theory and reflexivity, International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 9, no.22 (Jun 2017): 188–202.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-02-2017-0010Nicole M. Else-Quest, Janet Shibley Hyde Intersectionality in Quantitative Psychological Research, Psychology of Women Quarterly 40, no.22 (Jun 2016): 155–170.https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316629797 Sara O’Shaughnessy and Naomi T. Krogman A Revolution Reconsidered? Examining the Practice of Qualitative Research in Feminist Scholarship, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 37, no.22 (Jul 2015): 493–520.https://doi.org/10.1086/661726Irene Ryan Profitable margins: The story behind ‘our stories’, Journal of Management & Organization 15, no.55 (Feb 2015): 611–624.https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.15.5.611 Jean Wyatt Toward Cross‐Race Dialogue: Identification, Misrecognition, and Difference in Feminist Multicultural Community Wyatt, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 29, no.33 (Jul 2015): 879–903.https://doi.org/10.1086/380629Marcel Stoetzler, Nira Yuval-Davis Standpoint theory, situated knowledge and the situated imagination, Feminist Theory 3, no.33 (Dec 2002): 315–333.https://doi.org/10.1177/146470002762492024 Recent Scholarship, Journal of American History 88, no.44 (Mar 2002): 1633–1682.https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/88.4.1633KATHERINE R. ALLEN Feminist Visions for Transforming Families, Journal of Family Issues 22, no.66 (Sep 2001): 791–809.https://doi.org/10.1177/019251301022006007