Diversity In Different Regions Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF HORIZONTAL FISCAL IMBALANCE IN SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE: WILLIAMSON INDEX AND KLASSEN TYPOLOGY APPROACH

This study aims to investigate horizontal fiscal imbalance in South Sulawesi Province using the Williamson Index and Klassen Typology analysis approach. The province has abundant natural resources. However, it faces complex economic dynamics, leading to disparities in the distribution of economic benefits between regions. The results of the Williamson Index analysis show significant fluctuations in the level of fiscal imbalance over the 2018-2022 period, emphasizing the need for effective policy interventions. Meanwhile, the Klassen Typology illustrates the economic diversity of different regions in South Sulawesi, with Makassar City being a prominent center of economic growth. This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of fiscal imbalance at the regional level and provides a basis for more focused and data-driven policy formulation. Taking into account economic, social, and policy aspects, this study proposes a differentiated and inclusive policy approach to address fiscal imbalance, promote equitable economic growth, and achieve sustainable development in South Sulawesi.

Region-Different Network Reconfiguration in Disjoint Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Agriculture Monitoring

Connectivity restoration is essential for ensuring continuous operation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, existing works lack enough network robustness when suffering from the secondary external damages. In this paper, we propose a novel connectivity restoration scheme to address this problem. This scheme comprises three connectivity mechanisms regarding relay segment selection in different regions. The first one is a data traffic decentralization mechanism, which establishes more transmission paths near the sink for reliability improvement and traffic load balancing. The second one is a segment shape selection mechanism, in which the segments with high-reliability preferably become the relay segments for greater network robustness. The third one is a traffic load transfer mechanism, in which data traffic is transferred from a high-load segment to a low-load segment for balancing energy depletion of the network. The distinctive characteristics of this work are twofold: different regions perform diverse connectivity restoration approaches according to the demand diversity of different regions, and traffic load can be balanced from upstream regions rather than only from downstream regions. Extensive simulation experiments validate the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed scheme in terms of connection cost, network robustness, load balance degree, and network longevity.

New Records of Marine Tardigrades (Arthotardigrada) from the Iberian Peninsula: Biogeographical Implications

Biogeography patterns of marine tardigrades are poorly studied. Many species of marine tardigrades are considered endemic, but this high number may be an artifact resulting from skewed knowledge about marine tardigrade diversity in different regions of the world. On the other hand, some species of marine tardigrades are considered cosmopolitan. Most of these were described many years ago. Unfortunately, these early descriptions are very incomplete and omit many characteristics with diagnostically relevant value, thus, resulting in many types of these records of these species worldwide. The objective of this study is to report, for the first time, the presence of three species of marine tardigrades in the Atlantic shores of the Iberian Peninsula. These three species were previously described from other regions of the world and the biogeographic consequences of their presence on the study area are discussed. These records provide valuable insights about the biogeography of marine tardigrades in this region.

Mycotoxin Production and the Relationship between Microbial Diversity and Mycotoxins in Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. Huangguan Pear.

Mycotoxins are generated by a series of fungal pathogens in postharvest fruit, resulting in serious health threat to consumers and great economic loss to the fruit storage industry. The microbial differences between rotten and healthy fruit during storage and their relationship with mycotoxin production have not been fully studied. In this study, differences in microbial diversity between rotten and healthy fruit after 30 days of storage at ambient temperature were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology in ‘Huangguan’ pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. Huangguan) harvested from five different producing regions of Hebei province, China. The bacterial genus Gluconobacter was much more abundant in rotten fruit (76.24%) than that in healthy fruit (32.36%). In addition, Komagataeibacter and Acetobacter were also relatively higher in abundance in rotten fruit. In contrast, bacterial genera Pantoea, Alistipes, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG were found to be more abundant in healthy fruit. Fungal genera including Botryosphaeria, Colletotrichum, Valsa, Alternaria, Rosellinia, Fusarium, and Trichothecium were found to be abundant in rotten fruit. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that there were significant differences in the microbial diversity of different regions. PAT (patulin) was detected in all rotten fruit samples, while tenuazonic acid (TeA), alternariol (AOH), and alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME) were only detected in samples collected from one region (Weixian). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Alistipes and Pantoea were negatively correlated with the contents of PAT, suggesting that bacterial genera Alistipes and Pantoea have potential in reducing mycotoxin production in ‘Huangguan’ pear.

Landscape openness has different effects on the structure, diversity and functional composition of Brazilian rainforests

Landscape openness leads to harsher environmental conditions and reduced propagule dispersal, but how it affects different forest attributes and over what spatial scale remains unclear. We evaluate the effects of landscape openness (i.e., increased forest loss and fragmentation) on nine forest attributes related to structure, diversity, and composition for four different spatial scales, and three regions in Brazilian Atlantic forest. For 35 0.1 ha forest plots we calculated nine forest attributes related to structure (basal area, maximum height, structural heterogeneity), tree biodiversity (species richness, Simpson diversity, functional richness) and functional composition (proportion of animal-dispersed and shade-tolerant species, seed size). To assess at what spatial scales landscape characteristics play a role, we calculated for each plot local matrix openness and forest patch density using four concentric circles of 400 to 3200 m radius. Landscape openness negatively affected most forest attributes, but the magnitude of effect varied with 1) landscape attribute, 2) forest attribute, and 3) region. First, matrix openness had a negative stronger effect than patch density, indicating that landscape forest loss is more detrimental than forest fragmentation. Second, landscape openness reduced most strongly forest structure and animal-dispersed species, probably because open landscapes increase edge effects which especially affect large-sized trees, and reduce the abundance and activity of zoochorous seed dispersers, while landscape openness had opposite effects on diversity in different regions. Third, landscape openness had different effects in different regions, probably because of regional differences in tree species composition, landscape configuration and composition. Finally, landscape openness affected forest structural attributes at all spatial scales, animal-dispersed species at larger spatial scales (>1600 m), and seed size at small spatial scales (<400 m). In sum, landscape openness reduced most forest attributes, although the strength varied with the landscape attribute, forest attribute, and landscape context. Conservation and restoration projects should therefore restore landscape forest cover to improve forest structure, diversity and composition, and take into account the landscape context.

Основные аспекты изучения инвазионных видов рода Solidago

The impact of invasive species on the ecosystems belongs to the most important environmental problems. Representatives of the genus Solidago actively invade various plant communities. About 2300 literary sources were analyzed in order to determine the main tasks for the researchers of invasive species of this genus and to highlight the most relevant issues. Ambiguous evidence of the inhibitory effect of goldenrod on native flora species has been observed. Some studies report on the invasion of species of the genus Solidago and the displacement of species of local flora in various natural and climatic conditions. Opposite opinion states that the main changes relate not to taxonomic, but to the functional diversity. The allelopathic effect may be influenced both by edaphic factors and by the stage of plant development, as well as by the flora diversity in different regions and by the mutual influence of these factors. Most likely, essential oil components (terpenes and terpenoids) have an inhibitory effect on competing plants and soil microorganisms.

Phylogeography and phylogeny of Rhinoviruses collected from Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) cases over successive epidemic periods in Tunisia.

Rhinoviruses (RV) are a major cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) in children, with high genotypic diversity in different regions. However, RV type diversity remains unknown in several regions of the world. In this study, the genetic variability of the frequently circulating RV types in Northern Tunisia was investigated, using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses with a specific focus on the most frequent RV types: RV-A101 and RV-C45. This study concerned 13 RV types frequently circulating in Northern Tunisia. They were obtained from respiratory samples collected in 271 pediatric SARI cases, between September 2015 and November 2017. A total of 37 RV VP4-VP2 sequences, selected among a total of 49 generated sequences, was compared to 359 sequences from different regions of the world. Evolutionary analysis of RV-A101 and RV-C45 showed high genetic relationship between different Tunisian strains and Malaysian strains. RV-A101 and C45 progenitor viruses’ dates were estimated in 1981 and 1995, respectively. Since the early 2000s, the two types had a wide spread throughout the world. Phylogenetic analyses of other frequently circulating strains showed significant homology of Tunisian strains from the same epidemic period, in contrast with earlier strains. The genetic relatedness of RV-A101 and RV-C45 might result from an introduction of viruses from different clades followed by local dissemination rather than a local persistence of an endemic clades along seasons. International traffic may play a key role in the spread of RV-A101, RV-C45, and other RVs.

Community-based Crisis Management Model Focusing on the Process of Relief and Rescue in Natural Disasters in Iran

INTRODUCTION: The increase in the number of natural disasters has made different societies constantly discover and invent solutions to control the adverse effects of disasters with more emphasis on prevention or minimize them by improving the quality of the rescue process (in the response phase). In the last few decades, the need for social participation in order to manage risks has been developing in the form of community-based activities. This study was conducted to present a community-based crisis management model focusing on the process of relief and rescue in natural disasters in Iran, 2020. METHODS: This qualitative study was performed based on the grounded theory method defined by Strauss and Corbin. The statistical population of the study included all crisis management and non-governmental organizations experts in universities, the Crisis Management Organization, general managers of provincial crisis management, and senior managers of the Red Crescent Society. The samples were selected using the purposive and theoretical method of snowball sampling while taking into account the geographical, climatic, cultural, social, and religious diversity of different regions of the country. As a result, the sample size was obtained at 22 people. The required data were collected through a semi-structured interview. In the analysis of qualitative information, open coding, axial coding, and selective coding were used manually). FINDINGS: The results of the study showed that the causal conditions of community-based crisis management included "legal obligation", "strategic planning", "attracting public participation", "forming and developing expert teams", and "acting (prevention, preparedness, needs analysis, planning, and response)"; and contextual conditions consisted of "geographical conditions", "social capacity building", and "creating cohesion and empathy". Moreover, intervening conditions involved "general sensitization", "preparation", and "logistics and equipment"; strategies included "risk management", "human resource management", "training (general and professional)" and "barrier removal"; and the consequences of community-based crisis management consisted of "increasing public awareness in the face of emergencies", "reducing the risk of areas "increasing community resilience", "improving the quality of post-disaster assessment", "accelerating the response process", "determining priorities appropriately", "saving the golden time of rescue", "increasing the number of survivors", "accelerating relief operations" "distributing relief items fairly", "improving the quality of rescue operations", "decreasing the amount of damage", "managing resources and facilities properly", "reducing response costs", "decreasing the adverse psychological effects of the disaster", "organized presence of grassroots groups", "eliminating the shortcomings and completing the performance of the responsible agencies", and "increasing the level of public satisfaction". CONCLUSION: Community-based crisis management is a new and effective approach that its implementation has a positive impact on increasing resilience and thus reducing the vulnerability of communities. The proper and successful implementation of the community-based approach requires structural changes, amendment of laws, and development of relevant bylaws. It also needs measures that should be implemented at the national level, in the country's crisis management system, and at the local level.

Prerequisites for Community-based Disaster Risk Management in Iran

INTRODUCTION: Natural disasters disrupt people's lives, bringing about serious economic and social losses. Disaster risk management is a set of measures, including planning, decision-making, accountability, and operational activities at all levels. Moreover, it is of considerable significance to take advantage of social capacities and community participation before, during, and after disasters. The present study aimed to explain the prerequisites of community-based disaster risk management in Iran in 2020. METHODS: This data-driven qualitative study was conducted using Strauss and Corbin's systematic approach. The statistical population included all disaster management experts and non-governmental organizations in universities, the National Disaster Management Organization, the provincial disaster management departments, and senior managers of the Red Crescent Society. Out of this population, 22 subjects were purposefully selected via snowball sampling taking into account the geographical, climatic, cultural, social, and religious diversity of different regions of the country. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analysed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. FINDINGS: Based on the obtained results, the prerequisites of community-based disaster risk management include: "legal obligation", "public sensitization", "strategic planning", "public participation", "social capacity building", " building cohesion and empathy ", "action (prevention, preparedness, needs assessment, planning, and response", "formation and development of expert teams", "logistics forecasting and equipment", "preparation", and attention to geographical conditions"." CONCLUSION: As evidenced by the obtained results, the required measures for the successful implementation of community-based disaster risk management can be assigned to two categories: The first one encompasses the measures that require structural changes and law reform and are taken at the national level and National Disaster Management Organization of the country. The second type of measure must be implemented at the local and operational management levels

Global and Local Perspectives on the Preservation of Linguistic Diversity: A Nepali Experience

This paper deals with the past studies about preserving and promoting linguistic diversity with special reference to indigenous languages of the world in general and of Nepal in particular. It is broadly divided into two major categories viz. global perspectives on linguistic diversity issues and local perspectives on linguistic diversity issues. The global perspectives section is related to conceptualizing the global trends of preserving and promoting linguistic diversity in different regions of the globe. For instance, past studies conducted on indigenous languages of Europe, South Asia (including Sri Lanka, Pakistan and India), Latin America, North America, Africa, and Malaysia were reviewed to identify the research gap for this study. The local perspectives section is related to conceptualizing the Nepali trends of preserving and promoting linguistic diversity in Nepal. Similarly, empirical studies were reviewed into four aspects such as a) linguistic diversity and multilingualism, b) endangerment of indigenous languages, c) bilingual and multilingual education, and d) mother tongue literacy. Based on these observations, this paper has been developed to identify the global and local perspectives on the preservation of linguistic diversity, using a Nepali experience.

Understandingleptospirosiseco-epidemiologyby environmental DNA metabarcoding of irrigation water from two agro-ecological regions of Sri Lanka.

BackgroundLeptospirosis is one of the most significant zoonoses across the world not only because of its impact on human and animal health but also because of the economic and social impact on agrarian communities. Leptospirosis is endemic in Sri Lanka where paddy farming activities, the use of draught animals in agriculture, and peridomestic animals in urban and rural areas play important roles in maintaining the infection cycle of pathogenic Leptospira, especially concerning animals as a potential reservoir. In this study, an environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding methodology was applied in two different agro-ecological regions of Sri Lanka to understand the eco-epidemiology of leptospirosis.Methodology/Principal findingsIrrigation water samples were collected in Kandy District (wet zone mid-country region 2) and Girandurukotte, Badulla District (intermediate zone low-country region 2); and analysed for the presence of pathogenic Leptospira, associated microbiome and the potential reservoir animals. Briefly, we generated PCR products for high-throughput sequencing of multiple amplicons through next-generation sequencing. The analysis of eDNA showed different environmental microbiomes in both regions and a higher diversity of Leptospira species circulating in Kandy than in Girandurukotte. Moreover, the number of sequence reads of pathogenic Leptospira species associated with clinical cases such as L. interrogans was higher in Kandy than in Girandurukotte. Kandy also showed more animal species associated with pathogenic bacterial species than Girandurukotte. Finally, several pathogenic bacterial species including Arcobacter cryaerophilus, responsible for abortion in animals, was shown to be associated with pathogenic Leptospira.Conclusions/SignificanceLeptospirosis has been considered to be endemic in wet regions, consistently, leptospiral sequences were detected strongly in Kandy. The great Leptospira species diversity in Kandy observed in this study shows that the etiological agents of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka might be underestimated. Furthermore, our eDNA metabarcoding can be used to discriminate bacterial and animal species diversity in different regions and to explore environmental microbiomes to identify other associated bacterial pathogens in the environment.

Классификация растительности массивов байджарахов в двух районах подзоны арктических тундр Сибирского сектора Российской Арктики

Классификация растительности массивов байджарахов в двух районах подзоны арктических тундр Сибирского сектора Российской Арктики

Myxomycetes of Russia: a history of research and a checklist of species

The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the history and the level of research on biodiversity of myxomycetes in Russia. The first doubtless mention of myxomycetes in Russia dates back to the 18th century. Since then, numerous studies on myxomycete diversity in different regions of Russia have been published. Yu.K. Novozhilov summarized all accumulated data by publishing a list of 304 species in 2005. However, new data on species diversity, biogeography, and ecology of myxomycetes have been published in recent years. Recent research aims to fill this gap. This paper includes 321 sources, including studies published after 2005 and several works absent in previous reports. A full list of 455 myxomycete species found in Russia includes references to all literature sources. The analyzed database consists of more than 14 600 records in the "publication-region-species" format. Additionally, our research includes a detailed historical overview of the myxomycete studies in Russia. We hope that our information system, also available online at https://russia.myxomycetes.org/, will create a solid foundation for future studies of myxomycete biodiversity in Russia, particularly in the understudied regions.

Environmental factors explain the spatial mismatches between species richness and phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial mammals

AbstractAimExplore the spatial variation of the relationships between species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and environmental factors to infer the possible mechanisms underlying patterns of diversity in different regions of the globe.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial mammals.MethodsWe used a hexagonal grid to map SR and PD of mammals and four environmental factors (temperature, productivity, elevation and climate‐change velocity since the Last Glacial Maximum). We related those variables through direct and indirect pathways using a novel combination of path analysis and geographically weighted regression to account for spatial non‐stationarity of path coefficients.ResultsSpecies richness, PD and environmental factors relate differently across the geographical space, with most relationships varying in both magnitude and direction. Species richness is associated with lower PD in much of the tropics and in the Americas, which reflects the tropical origin and the recent diversification of some mammalian clades in these regions. Environmental effects on PD are predominantly mediated by their effects on SR. But once richness is controlled for, the relationships between environmental factors and PD (i.e. PDSR) highlight environmentally driven changes in species composition. Environmental–PDSR relationships suggest that the relative importance of different mechanisms driving biodiversity shifts spatially. Across most of the globe, temperature and productivity are the strongest predictors of richness, whereas PDSR is best predicted by temperature.Main conclusionsRichness explains most spatial variation in PD, but both dimensions of biodiversity respond differently to environmental conditions across the globe, as indicated by the spatial mismatches in the relationships between environmental factors and these two types of diversity. We show that accounting for spatial non‐stationarity and environmental effects on PD while controlling for richness uncovers a more complex scenario of drivers of biodiversity than previously observed.

De novo genome and transcriptome analyses provide insights into the biology of the trematode human parasite Fasciolopsis buski.

Many trematode parasites cause infection in humans and are thought to be a major public health problem. Their ecological diversity in different regions provides challenging questions on evolution of these organisms. In this report, we perform transcriptome analysis of the giant intestinal fluke, Fasciolopsis buski, using next generation sequencing technology. Short read sequences derived from polyA containing RNA of this organism were assembled into 30,677 unigenes that led to the annotation of 12,380 genes. Annotation of the assembled transcripts enabled insight into processes and pathways in the intestinal fluke, such as RNAi pathway and energy metabolism. The expressed kinome of the organism was characterized by identifying all protein kinases. A rough draft genome assembly for Fasciolopsis buski is also reported herewith with SRA accessions for crosschecking the findings in the analyzed transcriptome data. Transcriptome data also helped us to identify some of the expressed transposable elements. Though many Long Interspersed elements (LINEs) were identified, only two Short Interspersed Elements (SINEs) were visible. Overall transcriptome and draft genome analysis of F. buski helped us to characterize some of its important biological characteristics and provided enormous resources for development of a suitable diagnostic system and anti-parasitic therapeutic molecules.

Population genetic evidence for positive and purifying selection acting at the human IFN-γ locus in Africa.

Despite its critical role in the defense against microbial infection and tumor development, little is known about the range of nucleotide and haplotype variation at IFN-γ, or the evolutionary forces that have shaped patterns of diversity at this locus. To address this gap in knowledge, we examined sequence data from the IFN-γ gene in 1461 individuals from 15 worldwide populations. Our analyses uncovered novel patterns of variation in distinct African populations, including an excess of high frequency-derived alleles, unusually long haplotype structure surrounding the IFN-γ gene, and a "star-like" genealogy of African-specific haplotypes carrying variants previously associated with infectious disease. We also inferred a deep time to coalescence of variation at IFN-γ (~ 0.8 million years ago) and ancient ages for common polymorphisms predating the evolution of modern humans. Taken together, these results are congruent with a model of positive selection on standing variation in African populations. Furthermore, we inferred that common variants in intron 3 of IFN-γ are the likely targets of selection. In addition, we observed a paucity of non-synonymous substitutions relative to synonymous changes in the exons of IFN-γ in African and non-African populations, suggestive of strong purifying selection. Therefore, we contend that positive and purifying selection have influenced levels of diversity in different regions of IFN-γ, implying that these distinct genic regions are, or have been, functionally important. Overall, this study provides additional insights into the evolutionary events that have contributed to the frequency and distribution of alleles having a role in human health and disease.

Evaluating multiple spatial scales to understand the distribution of anuran beta diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

We partitioned the total beta diversity in the species composition of anuran tadpoles to evaluate if species replacement and nestedness components are congruent at different spatial resolutions in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We alternated the sampling grain and extent of the study area (among ponds at a site, among ponds within regions, among sites within regions, and among sites within regions pooled together) to assess the importance of anuran beta diversity components. We then performed variation partitioning to evaluate the congruence of environmental descriptors and geographical distance in explaining the spatial distribution of the species replacement and nestedness components. We found that species replacement was the main component of beta diversity, independent of the sampling grain and extent. Furthermore, when considering the same sampling grain and increasing the extent, the values of species replacement increased. On the other hand, when considering the same extent and increasing the sampling grain, the values of species replacement decreased. At the smallest sampling grain and extent, the environmental descriptors and geographic distance were not congruent and alternated in the percentage of variation explaining the spatial distribution of species replacement and nestedness. At the largest spatial scales (SSs), the biogeographical regions showed higher values of the percentage explaining the variation in the beta diversity components. We found high values of species replacement independently of the spatial resolution, but the processes driving community assembly seem to be dependent on the SS. At small scales, both stochastic and deterministic factors might be important processes structuring anuran tadpole assemblages. On the other hand, at a large spatial grain and extent, the processes restricting species distributions might be more effective for drawing inferences regarding the variation in anuran beta diversity in different regions of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Insight into the spatial distribution of nutrient elements and sediments fraction analysis in Taihu Lake

Lake eutrophication in China is a serious issue and has raised urgent attention, which is required for a better understanding of the eutrophic status. Particularly, the eutrophication of shallow lakes has received public attention for shallow lakes are vulnerable to changes in eutrophic status due to the closer proximity with bottom lake sediments. Herein, a comprehensive investigation on the spatial distribution of nutrient elements (including carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) was conducted in a typical large shallow lake Taihu Lake, and the internal patterns between the distribution and eutrophic status were analyzed. The results showed that the distributions of nutrient elements in surface sediment displayed spatial diversity in different regions. Zhushan Bay, East Taihu Lake and Dongjiaozui Bay hold distinguished pattern of nutrient contents due to the different geographical locations and economic pattern of adjacent areas. Specifically, the concentrations of total carbon and total nitrogen in East Taihu Lake were significantly higher than other areas, and total phosphorus content in Zhushan Bay was the highest. Furthermore, different phosphorus fractions in sediment and eutrophic indicators of water column were further analyzed to reveal the potential contribution of sediments to nutrient loadings of overlying water. The phosphorus fraction analysis suggested that calcium bounded phosphorus accounted for the main component. Correlation analysis revealed the internal relations among various characteristics in sediment or water, which indicated that microcystis blooms were accompany with excessive COD and phosphorus and depletion of dissolved oxygen. The results offered a comprehensive understanding of the lake eutrophic status and benefited further the study on the ecological status assessment.

High-throughput sequencing analysis reveals the genetic diversity of different regions of the murine norovirus genome during in vitro replication.

In this study, we report the genetic diversity and nucleotide mutation rates of five representative regions of the murine norovirus genome during in vitro passages. The mutation rates were similar in genomic regions encompassing partial coding sequences for non-structural (NS) 1-2, NS5, NS6, NS7 proteins within open reading frame (ORF) 1. In a region encoding a portion of the major capsid protein (VP1) within ORF2 (also including the ORF4 region) and a portion of the minor structural protein (VP2), the mutation rates were estimated to be at least one order of magnitude higher. The VP2 coding region was found to have the highest mutation rate.

古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物多样性的区域差异

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物多样性的区域差异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402270338 作者: 作者单位: 新疆石河子大学,石河子大学生命科学学院,石河子大学,石河子大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金——新疆联合基金重点项目(U1130304);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41061004) Regional differences in plant diversity in the southern Gurbantonggut desert Author: Affiliation: College of Life Science, Shihezi University,,College of Life Science, Shihezi University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:植物多样性分布受环境影响,具有尺度依赖性,研究不同区域植物多样性的差异和分布规律有助于剖析群落多样性的整体形成和变化原因,进而为实施有效的保护和利用提供科学依据。以古尔班通古特沙漠植物多样性集中分布的南部为研究区,沿经向方向划分3条样带(绿洲边缘样带、克拉玛依至吉木萨尔的沙漠公路样带以及距离二者之间的沙漠腹地样带),同时根据沙垄高度、走向和生境差异将研究区划分为5个分区,对比研究各样带、各分区的α、β多样性特征及物种共性和差异性。结果表明:3条样带的α多样性变化为绿洲边缘样带 > 沙漠公路样带 > 沙漠腹地样带。随经度的增加,各样带的物种相似性和替代性特征表现相似的变化趋势。物种分析发现沙漠公路样带内短命植物分布较多,绿洲边缘样带以多年生草本和灌木群落为主,而沙漠腹地样带介于二者之间。各分区间的物种组成存在一定差异。沙漠西部、东部、莫索湾垦区附近、沙漠腹地等分区物种丰富度均较高,而古玛纳斯湖区的植物丰富度较低,与其余4个分区间的物种相似性小,相互替代性较强。总结认为古尔班通古特沙漠南部各分区间植物多样性受地史过程的影响较大,而样带间植物多样性受土壤质地、降水量等环境因素影响较大;沙漠东部似是整个南部沙漠的物种扩散中心。 Abstract:The distribution of plant diversity is influenced by the environment, such that one area is species-rich, another area species-poor and intermediate areas of moderate richness, so it is scale-dependent, so it is scale-dependent. Studying the variety and distributed regularity of plant diversity in different regions can help us understand the underlying reasons for plant community diversity and changes to this diversity, and determine how to effectively protect and use these plant resources. In this study, we focused on the south Gurbantonggut desert, a known center of plant diversity. We divided the study site along the meridional direction into the following three transects:the oasis edge, the desert highroad from Karamay to Jimusaer, and the desert hinterland. We also divided the study site into five regions, according to the height and trend of dunes and differences in habitats. We analyzed the α-diversity and β-diversity in all transects and regions, and summarized the similarities and differences in species composition. These results showed that the α-diversity in the three transects differed, with the order as follows:oasis edge transect > desert highway transect > desert hinterland transect. The β-diversity (species similarity and substitution) of the transects varied similarly with increasing longitude. According to the species composition analysis, the desert highway transect consisted mostly of ephemeral plants, the oasis edge transect had mostly perennial herbs and shrubs, and the diversity in the desert hinterland transect had a mix of ephemeral plants, perennial herbs, and shrubs. We also observed a difference in species composition among the regions. Species richness in the western part of the desert, the Mosuowan reclamation area, desert interior, and the eastern part of the desert was high, whereas that of the Manasi Lake area was relatively low. Although species similarity of the Manasi Lake was low, its species substitution rate was high, when compared with other regions. We concluded that plant diversity among the regions is driven by the geological processes of the species pool, and that plant diversity among the transects is driven by environmental factors such as soil texture and precipitation. The eastern part of the study area was determined to be the species diffusion center of the south Gurbantonggut desert. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献