古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物多样性的区域差异

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物多样性的区域差异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402270338 作者: 作者单位: 新疆石河子大学,石河子大学生命科学学院,石河子大学,石河子大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金——新疆联合基金重点项目(U1130304);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41061004) Regional differences in plant diversity in the southern Gurbantonggut desert Author: Affiliation: College of Life Science, Shihezi University,,College of Life Science, Shihezi University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:植物多样性分布受环境影响,具有尺度依赖性,研究不同区域植物多样性的差异和分布规律有助于剖析群落多样性的整体形成和变化原因,进而为实施有效的保护和利用提供科学依据。以古尔班通古特沙漠植物多样性集中分布的南部为研究区,沿经向方向划分3条样带(绿洲边缘样带、克拉玛依至吉木萨尔的沙漠公路样带以及距离二者之间的沙漠腹地样带),同时根据沙垄高度、走向和生境差异将研究区划分为5个分区,对比研究各样带、各分区的α、β多样性特征及物种共性和差异性。结果表明:3条样带的α多样性变化为绿洲边缘样带 > 沙漠公路样带 > 沙漠腹地样带。随经度的增加,各样带的物种相似性和替代性特征表现相似的变化趋势。物种分析发现沙漠公路样带内短命植物分布较多,绿洲边缘样带以多年生草本和灌木群落为主,而沙漠腹地样带介于二者之间。各分区间的物种组成存在一定差异。沙漠西部、东部、莫索湾垦区附近、沙漠腹地等分区物种丰富度均较高,而古玛纳斯湖区的植物丰富度较低,与其余4个分区间的物种相似性小,相互替代性较强。总结认为古尔班通古特沙漠南部各分区间植物多样性受地史过程的影响较大,而样带间植物多样性受土壤质地、降水量等环境因素影响较大;沙漠东部似是整个南部沙漠的物种扩散中心。 Abstract:The distribution of plant diversity is influenced by the environment, such that one area is species-rich, another area species-poor and intermediate areas of moderate richness, so it is scale-dependent, so it is scale-dependent. Studying the variety and distributed regularity of plant diversity in different regions can help us understand the underlying reasons for plant community diversity and changes to this diversity, and determine how to effectively protect and use these plant resources. In this study, we focused on the south Gurbantonggut desert, a known center of plant diversity. We divided the study site along the meridional direction into the following three transects:the oasis edge, the desert highroad from Karamay to Jimusaer, and the desert hinterland. We also divided the study site into five regions, according to the height and trend of dunes and differences in habitats. We analyzed the α-diversity and β-diversity in all transects and regions, and summarized the similarities and differences in species composition. These results showed that the α-diversity in the three transects differed, with the order as follows:oasis edge transect > desert highway transect > desert hinterland transect. The β-diversity (species similarity and substitution) of the transects varied similarly with increasing longitude. According to the species composition analysis, the desert highway transect consisted mostly of ephemeral plants, the oasis edge transect had mostly perennial herbs and shrubs, and the diversity in the desert hinterland transect had a mix of ephemeral plants, perennial herbs, and shrubs. We also observed a difference in species composition among the regions. Species richness in the western part of the desert, the Mosuowan reclamation area, desert interior, and the eastern part of the desert was high, whereas that of the Manasi Lake area was relatively low. Although species similarity of the Manasi Lake was low, its species substitution rate was high, when compared with other regions. We concluded that plant diversity among the regions is driven by the geological processes of the species pool, and that plant diversity among the transects is driven by environmental factors such as soil texture and precipitation. The eastern part of the study area was determined to be the species diffusion center of the south Gurbantonggut desert. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献