Diversification Strategies Research Articles

Bank diversification and performance: Empirical evidence from Japan

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between bank diversification and performance in the Japanese banking sector. We use panel data from 141 banks over the period 2000–2022 to investigate whether banks can improve profitability and reduce risk through diversification strategies. Our evidence shows that diversification can improve bank profitability at the cost of a decline in net interest margins, suggesting banks are using the interest business as a loss leader to promote other business lines. We find that asset diversification has a risk‐reducing effect, which supports the portfolio hypothesis. Some evidence also implies that there is a more complex nonlinear relationship. This can be partly attributed to bank type, as the diversification effects vary across different types of banks. Furthermore, the decomposition of non‐interest income reveals that fees and commissions negatively influence return on assets while simultaneously reducing bank risk.

Diversification strategies have a stabilizing effect for income and food availability during livelihood shocks: Evidence from small-scale aquaculture-agriculture systems in Myanmar during the COVID-19 pandemic

CONTEXTDiversification is an important strategy used by millions of small-scale food producers globally to improve yields, farm profitability, and food security. Diversification can also enable small-scale producers to cope better with livelihood shocks. However, it is not always clear through which pathways diversification practices can stabilize livelihoods and food security in small-scale production systems, especially in the context of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVEIn this study we examined whether and how diversification practices stabilized income and food availability in small-scale food production systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. The diversification practices explored in this study included fish polyculture and integrated aquaculture-agriculture (IAA), and their combination. We compared small-scale systems employing different combinations of these diversification strategies, with systems that did not contain them. METHODSWe analyzed 300 surveys of small-scale aquaculture producers in Myanmar. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the multivariate relationships between the adoption of diversification practices among the small-scale producers, and whether and how the adoption stabilized their livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSWe find that the integration of diversification practices in different small-scale aquaculture-agriculture (SSAA) production systems had generally positive effects for the stabilization of income, food availability or both during the COVID-19 pandemic. The novelty of the study is the unraveling of the differentiated pathways between production models that enabled these stabilization processes emerge. We find major divergences in the stabilization potential between polyculture and IAA, both in terms of the magnitudes of the stabilization effects and the pathways. Polyculture generally offered more significant stabilizing effects than IAA. Surprisingly the highest and more significant positive effects for the stabilization of food availability came through the purchase of food items from extra fish/crop income, rather than their increased self-consumption. SIGNIFICANCEOverall, the SSAA production systems combining different diversification practices could form proactive strategies to help small-scale food producers cope with livelihood shocks.

STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GAMBIR INNOVATION SYSTEM FOR THE PEOPLE'S ECONOMY (CASE STUDY OF 50 CITIES DISTRICT)

This research seeks to formulate an elaborate diversification strategy for processed Gambir products, aiming to enhance the overall well-being of the community residing in District 50 of West Sumatra City. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this study adopts a case study research design, delving into the subject matter comprehensively and extensively through the utilization of diverse data sources. The primary focus lies on conducting a meticulous examination of Gambir farmers and industries within the confines of District 50, West Sumatra, utilizing innovative techniques to bring about the diversification of Gambir products. The data collection process involves keen observation of Gambir farmers and the industrial landscape, encompassing a range of activities within the 50 City Regency of West Sumatra. The introduction of innovation, specifically the diversification of Gambir, is anticipated to yield additional value from the traditionally cultivated crop. Beyond the conventional production of raw and dry Gambir products, this research aims to empower farmers to venture into the production of derivative products. The overarching goal is to foster a sustainable and diversified Gambir industry that not only meets the immediate needs of the farmers but also contributes to the broader economic landscape of District 50, West Sumatra City. By fostering innovation and expanding the product range, this research aspires to create a ripple effect, ultimately resulting in a positive impact on the socio-economic status of Gambir farmers in the target district.

DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OF THE MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMEs) FOR IMPROVING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

This study explores the importance of developing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the creative economy, as well as their position as the main drivers of economic growth. Focusing on North Kayong District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, this research highlights the resilience and innovation demonstrated by SMEs in overcoming challenges. Government initiatives target the mitigation of barriers, with an emphasis on developing local superior products to increase regional competitiveness. The main objective is to utilize local potential to create sustainable opportunities for economic expansion and poverty alleviation. Qualitative research methods, through observation, focus group discussions (FGD), and questionnaires, as well as data analysis techniques including difference tests and SWOT analysis. The research results show that there are significant differences between government policies and the expectations of SMEs, while the results of the SWOT analysis show that SMEs have strengths to be developed such as the availability of local raw materials and market uptake, but have challenges such as limited access to funding, infrastructure, training and promotion. product. The position of SMEs is in quadrant two, the most appropriate diversification strategy, including product, market and place diversification. Government mitigation to support the development of SMEs, through policies developing road and transportation infrastructure to facilitate access to products and markets, providing markets for sales of superior products, training facilities for SMEs. The impact on local communities is as a provider of raw materials, developing SMEs and the creative economy, as well as increasing the economy and regional competitiveness.

Japanese stock market sectoral dynamics: A time and frequency analysis

AbstractThis study examines the Japanese stock market connectedness across different sectors, focusing on both the time and frequency dimensions. The dataset used spans from January 1999 to April 2022 and employs various methodologies, including time‐varying parameter vector autoregressions, TVP‐VAR frequency dependency, and Quantile coherency. The empirical findings reveal that cyclical or aggressive stocks predominantly act as net transmitters of shocks across sectors. Moreover, short‐term spillovers are more significant compared to intermediate‐term spillovers, indicating that Japanese sectors are more pronounced to market shocks in the short run. The spillover effects are also asymmetric and vary over time. Additionally, the real estate sector exhibits diversification benefits across different time horizons, while the energy sector provides protection primarily in the short run. This research contributes to the development of financial policies aimed at reducing sectoral imbalances and promoting stable growth. Furthermore, it offers insights for investors seeking to devise optimal portfolio diversification strategies.

Analysis Of Marketing Strategies In Small To Medium Printing Enterprise (Case Study Of Printing Sme The Bejos Screen Printing, Palopo City, South Sulawesi

Marketing Strategy Analysis in Small and Medium Enterprises Printing (Case Study of Printing UKM The Bejos Screen Printing Palopo City, South Sulawesi), Thesis Management Study Program Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Muhammadiyah Makassar. Printing The Bejos Screen Printing is one of the SMEs located in Palopo City, South Sulawesi, which has been developing since 2013, The Bejos Screen Printing printing has been printing clothes. Since starting its printing business, The Bejos Screen Printing has always been faced with various obstacles and obstacles, many similar companies that appeared to make Printing The Bejos Screen Printing difficult to maintain the position of its products due to increasingly fierce industry competition. The condition of intense competition is a problem faced by The Bejos Screen Printing. The purpose of this study was to determine the marketing strategy of printing SMEs through a SWOT analysis. In determining the marketing strategy, it is necessary to know the internal factors of strengths and weaknesses, external factors of opportunities and threats. The strategy that can be applied is the ST Strategy is a strategy that uses the strength of the company to overcome threats or commonly called diversification strategies.

Tracing the dynamic impact of energy transitions on equity market volatility in an era of financial turbulence

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between the shift towards clean energy and stock market fluctuations, covering the period from January 2004 to August 2021 by applying time-varying parameters vector autoregressions (TVP-VAR). The results reported strong spillovers between clean energy markets and stocks, while dirty ones demonstrated disconnected spillovers. Asymmetry in the spillovers detected dominance of negative (bad) spillovers due to various uncertain economic and financial circumstances. The most significant negative (bad) events tracked in time-varying attributes are the global financial crisis, European Debt Crisis, Shale Oil Crisis, Brexit, US interest rate agenda, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, negative asymmetries prevailed in time-varying analysis, echoing the pre-eminence of negative crisis periods. We identified clean energy markets and stocks as net spillover emitters and dirty energy markets as net recipients. These findings have profound implications for a range of stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and market participants, offering valuable insights for portfolio diversification and risk management strategies amidst the ongoing energy paradigm shift.

Parliamentary questions, institutional change, and legislative oversight in a non‐Western context

AbstractThis study examines how the Federal National Council (FNC), the parliament of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), transformed from a consultative body to a legislative institution through gradual and incremental changes. It argues that the increasing number of parliamentary questions led to legal, procedural, and behavioral changes in the FNC, influenced by external (government support and public pressure) and internal (rationality, competence, incrementalism, and system development) factors. The success of this transformation is attributed to its gradual nature. Anticipating continued momentum, the study outlines future prospects shaped by the UAE government's commitment to FNC empowerment, heightened public expectations, and the influx of educated and experienced individuals into parliamentary roles. This ongoing institutional change reflects a responsive adaptation to evolving governance demands in the UAE. The study contributes to the theory of institutions and the understanding of legislative oversight in newly liberalized political systems.Related ArticlesAntwi‐Boateng, Osman, and Noura Hamad Salim Al Jaberi. 2022. “The Post‐Oil Strategy of the UAE: An Examination of Diversification Strategies and Challenges.” Politics & Policy 50(2): 380–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12457.Jouini, Nizar, and Manel Ben Akal. 2022. “Political Consensus, Economic Reforms, and Democratic Transitions in the Middle East: Evidence from Voting on Tunisian Reform Bills.” Politics & Policy 50(4): 851–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12489.Sarquís, David J. 2012. “Democratization after the Arab Spring: The Case of Egypt's Political Transition.” Politics & Policy 40(5): 871–903. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x.

Strategi Pengembangan Potensi Pariwisata sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Kecamatan Pulau Ende

This study aims (1) to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the strategy of developing tourism potential as a tourist attraction in Pulau Ende District (2) to determine the strategy for developing tourism potential as a tourist attraction in Pulau Ende District. This study uses qualitative research methods. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the authors use the SWOT analysis method. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is an analysis method of the internal factor analysis summary (IFAS), external factor analysis summary (IFAS) and the SWOT matrix. Based on the results of IFAS factor analysis and EFAS factor analysis, the following values were obtained: strengths (3.59), weaknesses (-1.85), opportunities (3.00), threats (-3.22) so that the coordinate points (1.74; -0.22) in quadrant II (Diversification Strategy), A verified strategy is a strategy that faces various threats, but this potential still has internal strength. The strategy that must be implemented is one that uses strength to take advantage of long-term opportunities by means of verified strategies. This indicates that tourism development in the Pulau Ende sub-district faces various threats from outside, although this score still has strength from an internal perspective. Specific strategies that can result from tourism development in Pulau Ende District are increasing the development of tourism strategies, improving around tourism sites, improving tourism promotion, improving and improving facilities and infrastructure for tourist attractions, improving the quality of human resources, and increasing collaboration with various sectors efforts to overcome the lack of budget shortage of funds.

Analysis of the Development Trend and Countermeasures of Internet Hospitals Based on SWOT

<i>Objective</i>: Through the investigation of the development status and background of Internet hospitals, this paper analyzes the internal and external environment and advantages and disadvantages of Internet hospitals, so as to promote their high-quality and sustainable development under the background of the Healthy China strategy. <i>Methods</i>: SWOT analysis was used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of Internet hospitals, as well as the opportunities and challenges faced by the development, analyze the development trend of Internet hospitals, and put forward countermeasures. <i>Results</i>: Internally, Internet hospitals have the advantages of improving patient medical efficiency and promoting the rational allocation of medical resources; and there are disadvantages of unclear service business positioning and the accuracy of telemedicine diagnosis to be improved; the external environment has the opportunity of national policy support and large demand for patient medical treatment; and there is the threat of low capital investment and the restriction of traditional medical concepts. <i>Conclusions</i>: It is suggested that the state should increase capital investment and policy norms to guide the orderly development of the Internet market, guide residents to change their medical habits, and medical institution managers should fully seize the development opportunities, grasp the development trend of the post-epidemic era, formulate growth strategies, torsion transformation strategies, defense strategies, and diversified strategies according to internal and external environmental factors, improve the construction of Internet hospital system, and help build a "healthy China".

The defensome of complex bacterial communities

Bacteria have developed various defense mechanisms to avoid infection and killing in response to the fast evolution and turnover of viruses and other genetic parasites. Such pan-immune system (defensome) encompasses a growing number of defense lines that include well-studied innate and adaptive systems such as restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas and abortive infection, but also newly found ones whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. While the abundance and distribution of defense systems is well-known in complete and culturable genomes, there is a void in our understanding of their diversity and richness in complex microbial communities. Here we performed a large-scale in-depth analysis of the defensomes of 7759 high-quality bacterial population genomes reconstructed from soil, marine, and human gut environments. We observed a wide variation in the frequency and nature of the defensome among large phyla, which correlated with lifestyle, genome size, habitat, and geographic background. The defensome’s genetic mobility, its clustering in defense islands, and genetic variability was found to be system-specific and shaped by the bacterial environment. Hence, our results provide a detailed picture of the multiple immune barriers present in environmentally distinct bacterial communities and set the stage for subsequent identification of novel and ingenious strategies of diversification among uncultivated microbes.

The Financing Decisions and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

Purpose: The main aim of the investigation was to ascertain how financing decisions affect the financial success of manufacturing companies listed on Kenya's Nairobi Securities Exchange. Materials and Methods: This study's methodology was a descriptive research plan. Ten manufacturing companies are listed on the NSE. 10 manufacturing organizations that were listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya as of December 31, 2021, made up the study's population. Because they have regularly been listed at NSE since 2012 without skipping a year, the 10 firms were targeted. The companies that are not listed in any given year between 2012 and 2021 was not taken into account by the study. Therefore, the study involved all 10 manufacturing companies. Since every company was listed throughout the time of this study, none was omitted. The researcher uses a document review checklist during the data collection to gather secondary information for use in compiling and analyzing the financial statements. Panel data made up of time series and cross sections was considered secondary data. The data that was collected was between 2012 and 2021. Findings: Outcomes depicted that liquidity decision had a satisfactory and important effect on financial success (β= 0.088, p=0.003). Outcomes depicted that dividend decision had a satisfactory and important consequence on financial success (β= 0.073, p=0.032). In addition, outcomes depicted that investment decision had a satisfactory and important consequence on financial success (β= 0.021, p=0.002). A strong dividend policy that may increase manufacturing companies' levels of return on assets and draw in investors should be in place for those listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: The report suggested that in order to increase their income base, companies listed on the NSE that are in the manufacturing and related sectors should invest in product diversification strategies. Since the financial success of manufacturing enterprises is directly impacted by investment decisions. Subsidies for manufactured goods should be taken into account by the Kenyan government as a policy through the yearly budget proclamations. It is recommended that managers closely monitor the firm's liquidity, take on projects with positive net present values, and generate cash flow to support their investment and operational endeavors.

New entrant farming policy as predatory inclusion: (Re)production of the farm through generational renewal policy programs in Scotland

AbstractNew entrant policy, literature, and research offers an important angle for exploring where dominant agrarianism is reproduced and contested. As new entrants seek access to land, finance, and expertise, their credibility is filtered through a cultural and policy environment that favors some farming models over others. Thus, seemingly apolitical policy tools geared at getting new people into farming may carry implicit norms of who these individuals should be, how they should farm, and what their values should entail. A normative gaze of farming often masks the financial, cultural, labor relation, and land tenure dimensions that are the underlying drivers of agrarian change. This paper applies social reproduction theory to explore a diversity of social labor processes that new entrant farmers practice to arrive at the point of agricultural production. Interviews with new entrant and successor farmers in Britain (excluding Northern Ireland) are presented first, followed by an analysis of new entrant policy instruments over the last two decades in Scotland. We find that new entrant policy fails to engage with a crisis of social reproduction in the food system because of a commitment to agrarian ideals of the self-sufficient and entrepreneurial farmer. By inviting newcomers into a dynamic of increasing precarious and uncompensated labor, very often by way of family relations, new entrant policy may act as a form of “predatory inclusion.” We argue that to be successful in reproducing the agricultural sector, new entrant farmer policy must be first a policy at attending to relations in the social sphere. Recognizing and supporting the diversified strategies farmers take on to assemble land for production would not only drive more just policy, but set the conditions for a more adaptive food system.

Promoting inclusive recruiting and selection into military training schools: Admission waivers versus retesting.

There is high-level interest in diversifying workforces, which has led organizations-including the U.S. Armed Forces-to reevaluate recruiting and selection practices. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) has encountered particular difficulties in diversifying its workforce, and it relies mainly on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) for assigning active-duty recruits to one of 19 specialized training schools. When recruits' scores fall below ASVAB entrance standards, the USCG sometimes offers admission waivers. Alternatively, recruits can retest until their ASVAB scores meet the entrance standard. Retesting has shown mixed results in the personnel selection literature, so our main interest is to determine whether retesting or waivers best support USCG recruits' training school outcomes, especially for recruits identifying as an underrepresented minority (URM). We use data from 16,624 USCG recruits entering between 2013 and 2021 and fit augmented inverse propensity weighted models to assess differences in training outcomes by pathway to admission while accounting for self-selection into pathways. Our analyses found (a) no difference in training outcomes between recruits who qualified from their initial scores and recruits who retested, (b) recruits who received waivers were less likely to complete training school on time and spent more time in remedial training when they failed training school compared to those who retested, and (c) improvement in training outcomes for retesting over waivers was larger for recruits identifying as an URM. Results suggest that retesting may be an effective strategy for workforce diversification and for improving outcomes among recruits identifying as an URM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Bitcoin as a Distinct Asset Class for Hedging and Portfolio Diversification: A DCC-GARCH Model Analysis

Purpose: Bitcoin, the most popular form of virtual currency, currently holds the highest market capitalization among cryptocurrencies and serves as a benchmark for the typical cryptocurrency. The main goal of this research is to evaluate Bitcoin’s potential as a distinct asset class. This will be achieved by building upon previous studies and investigating its utility as both a hedging instrument and a tool for portfolio diversification. Methodology: In this study, Bitcoin is compared with other asset classes, such as key stock indices of India’s Nifty-50 and Sensex, and key currency pairs with the Indian Rupee, including the US dollar ($), Euro (€), Pound sterling (£), and Japanese Yen (¥). Gold, as one of the most precise commodities, is analyzed using descriptive statistics to verify and confirm its properties as a distinct asset class. Additionally, the study employs the DCC-GARCH model to ascertain whether Bitcoin qualifies as both a hedging instrument and a tool for portfolio diversification. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that Bitcoins constitute a unique and separate category within alternative assets and investment classes. Various descriptive statistics confirm that Bitcoins exhibit characteristics of an asset class. Additionally, the study reveals and verifies the hedging and portfolio diversification capabilities of Bitcoin based on the results of the DCC-GARCH model. Practical Implications: The findings of this study will prove useful for investors considering cryptocurrency (Bitcoin) as an alternative asset class for diversifying their portfolios and hedging against volatility. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the research paradigm of Bitcoin finance by providing a perspective from a developing nation on Bitcoin as an asset class, which differs from other asset classes such as Nifty-50, Sensex, USD–INR, EUR–INR, GBP–INR, JPY–INR, and gold. While previous research has predominantly focused on developed nation contexts, this study underscores the importance of examining Bitcoin’s role in portfolio diversification and hedging strategies. To enhance our understanding, this research presents daily observations of recent economic data spanning from 2011 to 2021. Assessing whether Bitcoin qualifies as an alternative investment and a distinct asset class is crucial, as it could significantly influence investment decisions and serve as a valuable tool for risk management and diversification purposes for investors.

Rural households' livelihood adaptation strategies in the face of changing climate: A case study from Pakistan

Rural and agricultural communities' adaptation to climate change has gained significant attention owing to many countries' vulnerability to climate change risks. A similar trend has been witnessed in South Asia, a highly climate-vulnerable region, where research has grown dramatically considering the agriculture sector's vulnerability to climate-induced disasters. However, little attention has been paid to the adaptation of the livelihoods of rural households. This research, therefore, takes the case of Pakistan to explore livelihood adaptation strategies of rural households to climate change and investigate the factors that expedite or halt the adoption of livelihood diversification strategies. A multistage sampling design is used in this research, where 480 rural households from the Punjab province of Pakistan were selected and interviewed using stratified and random sampling approaches. A multivariate probit (MVP) regression model is employed to analyze the factors affecting households' adoption of livelihood adaptation strategies. The results show that besides adaptation of agronomic operations (agricultural adaptation strategies), rural households in the study area employed a wide range of strategies to adapt their livelihoods to climate change. These strategies include poultry and livestock farming, value addition of farm produce, trading of animals and farm commodities, small businesses (shops, etc.), daily wage labor, horticultural crop farming, and non-farming jobs. The estimates of the MVP model revealed that respondents' education, household size, income, access to a credit facility, access to farm advisory services, and access to climate forecasts have significantly influenced the choice of livelihood adaptation strategies. Based on these findings, this research recommends that the authorities should make efforts to improve farmers' understanding of the adaptation of climate change risks and educate them to adopt multiple livelihood options to improve the resilience of their livelihoods to climate-induced risks. This research has important policy implications for other countries with similar socio-economic features.

Exploring killer domains to create new value: A comparative case study of Canadian and Korean telcos

Diversifying business portfolios and creating new value has been considered essential strategy for telecommunications companies (telcos) to survive and grow. To successfully execute this strategy, telcos need to find and focus on promising industries, called killer domains. However, few studies have tried to develop criteria for identifying killer domains for telcos' business diversification. This study develops comprehensive evaluation criteria and explores killer domains for Canadian and Korean telcos. This study adopted the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and surveyed 23 telecommunication experts in Canada and 22 in Korea. Data analysis found that expected benefit is the most important criterion in decision-making for a telco's business diversification, followed by resource fit and the expected cost. There were no significant differences in the relative importance of alternative domains in Korea, but in Canada, digital healthcare was the most crucial domain for Canadian telcos, followed by the security and immersive content industry. The result of this study provides implications for practitioners' and policymakers' decision-making regarding business diversification strategies in the telecommunication industry.

Development of the Reed Industry Group Through Training in Financial Management, Management and Sustainable Architectural Building Design

Industry plays a vital role in reducing poverty in developing countries. In Bali, the creative industry has developed rapidly, although initially, it was still small. The alang-alang roofing industry, which focuses on producing and using roofing from alang-alang leaves, is a significant sector in the construction and property development industry. This material is used in traditional buildings and modern, environmentally friendly building designs. A case study of the "Tegal Wangi" thatched roof industry in Lodtunduh Village, Ubud, shows that financial management and risk management are essential for the success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Financial education through simple bookkeeping is essential to provide in-depth understanding for business owners and managers. In addition, risks in this industry include competition, changes in customer demand and quality, and fluctuations in raw material prices. Solutions like product diversification and flexible marketing strategies can help manage these risks. Sustainable architectural building design is also a crucial factor. Collaboration between architects and industrial owners can create functional, aesthetic buildings resistant to extreme weather. Using sustainably sourced reeds and following environmentally friendly farming practices are essential steps in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem.

Does Quality Certification or Product Diversification Improve the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises?

This study utilizes a Cobb–Douglas production function and an instrumental variables regression approach to analyze the impact of quality certification and product diversification on asset productivity at the firm level. Analyzing a panel dataset of approximately 2500 firms from 2011, 2013, and 2015 showed that regional norms significantly influence adoption behaviors, which vary across industries and business types. The study reveals that firms employing computers and those with a larger scale are more inclined to adopt these strategies. The results showed that quality certification enhances asset productivity by approximately 26%, highlighting its positive role. In contrast, firms with diversified products exhibit about 18% lower asset productivity than mono-product firms, suggesting a trade-off inherent in diversification. The study concludes with policy recommendations emphasizing the promotion of quality certification while carefully considering the complexities and potential inefficiencies arising from product diversification strategies.

Growth Strategies for International Streaming Services: Netflix and Disney+

The purpose is to identify the features of strategic planning and formulate specific recommendations on the choice of growth strategies in developing and developed markets for international streaming services. Objectives: study of specific examples (cases) growth strategies in developed and emerging markets; identify key factors for the successful development of companies; study cases of adapting a product to the needs of the local market environment. Methodology: comparative analysis; analysis of financial indicators and benchmarking; synthesis of information obtained; inductive and deductive methods. Results. of the study showed that taking into account the needs of the audience in national markets is the key to the growth of the company and its subscriber base. When entering the market, companies use a pre-formed market development strategy as a starting point for expanding the number of users, after which they continue to strengthen their positions using market penetration, product development or diversification strategies, adapting the product to the needs and characteristics of the market environment. Conclusions. Partnerships have proven to be an important factor in developed and emerging markets, however, in the case of developed markets, this strategic step benefits in quantitative terms, and in the case of emerging markets, both in qualitative terms (localization of content) and in quantitative terms, the growth in the number of users. The findings and results of the study will be useful to existing streaming services, startups, venture investors and government agencies regulating this area.