Diversification Of Media Research Articles

CULTURAL DIVERSITY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ART AND DESIGN THROUGH NEW-AGE MEDIA

Culture is a broad-spectrum term commonly used to identify habits of a heterogeneous social groups which develop in a specific geographic location. It is evidently reflected through the various art practices, be it visual or performing arts, or artifacts created by the artisans. They have become an integral part of the cultural ethos. India is a country rich in such diverse treasure of cultural practices through art. Artisans have also migrated beyond their original geographical boundaries to diversify the reach of the art. It is an important cultural asset which helps to preserve the culture and heritage of a community or the skill-sets of the artisans. Our ancestors have been preserving this culture of storytelling through the art forms which show a perspective of life. They also contribute to the livelihood of the craftsmen, thus contributing to the economy of the country. There is beauty in promoting cultural diversity; people learn new skills from other cultural groups and encourage innovation through various art forms and designs. In the contemporary era of technology, modernization and globalization, the traditional art forms are fading away. Sustainability of these valuable these art forms is a concern today. Purposes and functionality of these art practices have also diversified. The study creates new objectives through cultural diversity and designing new products for sustainable development in art and design. The article discusses some aspects of technological intervention in these art practices that can help sustain these heritages. Thus diversification of media, purpose and an involvement of the young generation can help to preserve the social cultural ethos of our country.

Transpositioning: Translanguaging and the Liquidity of Identity

Abstract This article seeks to address the ever-expanding and shifting communicative demands of ‘liquid modernity’ by focussing on two key issues: the need to reconceptualize language and communication as a consequence of the diversification of media and resources people draw upon to meet these demands; and the need for a new analytical framework to capture how people perform multiplex roles simultaneously and spontaneously through dynamic and adaptive communicative practices. We do the former through further elaboration of the scholarship on translanguaging and the latter with a new concept of transpositioning. We argue that the latter is enabled by translanguaging practices and is a necessary capacity participants in the social life of liquid modernity need to develop in order to deal with everyday communicative demands. We develop the concept with analysis of two examples of lived experiences of multilinguals and explore the theoretical and methodological implications for applied linguistics.

Media diversification: Redefining reliance on advertising revenue and autonomy implications

The search for a media funding model has attracted scholarly attention over the years due to the growing strategic importance of the media in spearheading critical public debates in contemporary societies. With the recent global financial and economic turmoil, it has become imperative that the search for funding model continues, especially for a developing country like Ghana where there is limited body of literature on the subject without sacrificing its global significance. On the premise that media should be strengthened financially to survive in a competitive market to better execute its public mandate functions, media businesses, particularly newspapers, need to explore revenue generation sources to ensure that they do not lean on a lone income stream. The present study examines the extent to which newspapers have diversified into non-media ventures and argues that by this funding approach, print firms have a better chance of sustaining their businesses, publications and achieving autonomy. Overall, this work shows that majority of the print firms in Ghana have not diversified at all, the few diversified ones are within the media industry and only Daily Graphic has invested into non-media ventures to generate revenue.

1인 미디어 특성연구

With the revitalization of digital media platforms and the introduction of a smartphoneoriented mobile environment in the environment of media diversification, one-person media content is emerging as a major content industry. For this study, SMCRE model, which is the theoretical basis of communication, was applied to conduct a specific analysis of Korean Chinese media channel <Dr. Paocai>. Through this, the meaning of one-person media channels in Korean Chinese was analyzed by specifically analyzing the channel’s success factors, interrelationships with audiences, and content characteristics. Through this analysis, theoretical and practical implications for the activation of the Korean Chinese content platform in the future were presented.

Research on the Influence of Media Use on Government Trust

The development of science and technology has promoted the diversification of media forms, and the emergence of new media has enriched people’s access to information. At the same time, this situation has also led to the rapid spread of some negative news and gradually dispelled people’s political trust. In order to explore the specific relationship between media use and government trust, it is necessary to conduct more in-depth research. Based on the CGSS2010 survey data, this paper focuses on the influence of media use on political trust and explores the relationship between media use and government trust in detail by using regression analysis, and factor analysis. It is found that the use of traditional media has a positive and significant impact on political trust, while the use of new media has just the opposite effect on it in general.

The Influence of Media Diversification Model and Entrepreneurship on Enterprise Financial Performance Under the Environment of Sustainable Development

Market competition is intensifying. The necessity and path of adopting the diversified management model in the media industry are explored to delve into the influence of the media diversification model and entrepreneurship on enterprise financial performance. Besides, the relevant theories such as the media diversification model and entrepreneurial spirit are expounded. Furthermore, Time Publishing & Media is taken as the representative of the media diversification model. Finally, the influence of entrepreneurship on financial performance is discussed regarding entrepreneurship in the Yangtze River Delta as the research object. The profitability, solvency, and operation ability of Time Publishing & Media are analyzed. It is found that there are problems in the profitability and operation ability of Time Publishing & Media. The solvency is good, and the risk of debt repayment is low. As a result, a diversified management model may not have a positive impact on enterprise performance. In addition, the entrepreneurial spirit of the Yangtze River Delta is studied, and the results reveal that the F values from 2017 to 2019 are about 66.24, 10.78, and 60.39, respectively, with a significance of 0.00. It implies that the stronger the entrepreneur’s ability to take risks, the better the financial performance of the enterprise, but the risk should be appropriate. Therefore, the research on the influence of the media diversification model and entrepreneurship on the financial performance of enterprises in the environment of sustainable development has guided significance for enterprises to improve their business performance and market competitiveness.

Distance (Media policy/ Meta journalism)

The variable “distance” reflects the competitive relationships that exist between media organizations and outlets in terms of journalistic, economic and media policy interests, which can lead to reporting differences in media self-coverage (Pointner, 2010). This is due to the special situation that in the case of media self-coverage, both the reporting unit and the covered subject originate from the media sector. Several studies have shown that media organizations strategically use self-coverage to pursue their own interests, to legitimize their actions or to differentiate themselves from their competitors (Beck, 2001; Gilens & Hertzman, 2000; Hackett & Uzelman, 2003; Kemner, Scherer, & Weinacht, 2008; Lichtenstein, 2011; Löblich, 2011; Maier & Dogruel, 2016; Müller & Donsbach, 2006; Pointner, 2010; Snider & Page, 1997; Uzelman, Hackett, & Stewart, 2005; Weiß, 1986).
 
 Field of application/Theoretical foundation
 The variable serves as an indicator of potential conflicts of roles, interests and objectives at organizational level, which can lead to unbalanced or biased reporting.
 
 Example study
 Pointner (2010)
 
 Information on Pointner, 2010
 Research interest: The study examines whether and how economic interests of media companies are reflected in the reporting on media companies.
 Object of analysis: A sample (one artificial day per month, all articles covering media companies) was drawn from four national German daily newspapers.
 Time frame of analysis: January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2006
 
 Information about variable
 Level of analysis: article
 Coding logic: The relationship between the reporting unit and the covered subject is recorded on two levels. First, a distinction is made with regard to the media sector, i.e. whether the reporting concerns a subject originating from the same sector (intramedial, e.g. print observes print) or from a different sector (intermedial, e.g. print observes broadcasting). Within the intramedial level, a further distinction is made with regard to the organizational affiliation: Codes indicate whether the reporting relates to the own company (direct self-observation), affiliated companies of the own company (indirect self-observation), one or more direct competitors operating within the same media sector in the same media submarket (direct competitor observation), affiliated companies of competitors (indirect competitor observation) or media companies of other genres within the own media sector (general observation) (Pointner, 2010).
 For the implementation, it is recommended to first code the outlet in which a contribution appears, as well as separately code the outlet and the media sector that is the main subject of the coverage. Based on this, the assignment can be made with the help of an affiliation list of the outlets and affiliated companies of the publishing houses, media companies or media sectors investigated. However, it should be mentioned that in connection with the horizontal diversification of media companies into other media sectors and increasing convergence, the differentiation into intramedial and intermedial as well as direct and indirect is becoming increasingly difficult.
 
 Values:
 intramedial direct self-observation
 intramedial indirect self-observation
 intramedial direct competitor observation
 intramedial indirect competitor observation
 intramedial general observation
 intermedial
 
 Intercoder reliability: Holsti’s coefficient of .94 across categories (6 coders), not specified for individual category
 Codebook not available
 
 References
 Beck, K. (2001). Medienberichterstattung über Medienkonzentration. Publizistik, 46(4), 403-424. doi: 10.1007/s11616-001-0121-3
 Gilens, M., & Hertzman, C. (2000). Corporate Ownership and News Bias: Newspaper Coverage of the 1996 Telecommunications Act. The Journal of Politics, 62(2), 369-386. doi: 10.1111/0022-3816.00017
 Hackett, R. A., & Uzelman, S. (2003). Tracing Corporate Influences on Press Content: a summary of recent NewsWatch Canada Research. Journalism Studies, 4(3), 331-346. doi: 10.1080/14616700306486
 Kemner, B., Scherer, H., & Weinacht, S. (2008). Unter der Tarnkappe. Publizistik, 53(1), 65-84. doi: 10.1007/s11616-008-0006-9
 Lichtenstein, D. (2011). Kommerzialisierung des Medienjournalismus? Eine empirische Untersuchung zum „Fall Berliner Zeitung“. M&K Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft, 59(2), 216-234. doi: 10.5771/1615-634x-2011-2-216
 Löblich, M. (2011). Frames in der medienpolitischen Öffentlichkeit. Publizistik, 56(4), 423-439. doi: 10.1007/s11616-011-0129-2
 Maier, D., & Dogruel, L. (2016). Akteursbeziehungen in der Zeitungsberichterstattung über die Online-Aktivitäten des öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks. Publizistik, 61(2), 145-166. doi: 10.1007/s11616-016-0258-8
 Müller, D., & Donsbach, W. (2006). Unabhängigkeit von wirtschaftlichen Interessen als Qualitätsindikator im Journalismus. In S. Weischenberg, W. Loosen, & M. Beuthner (Eds.), Medien-Qualitäten: Öffentliche Kommunikation zwischen ökonomischem Kalkül und Sozialverantwortung (pp. 129-147). Konstanz: UVK.
 Pointner, N. (2010). In den Fängen der Ökonomie? Ein kritischer Blick auf die Berichterstattung über Medienunternehmen in der deutschen Tagespresse. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
 Snider, J. H., & Page, B. I. (1997). Does Media Ownership Affect Media Stands? The Case of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. Institute for Policy Resarch at Northwestern University (IPR working papers 97-12).
 Uzelman, S., Hackett, R. A., & Stewart, J. (2005). Covering Democracy's Forum: Canadian Press Treatment of Public and Private Broadcasting. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 22(2), 156-169. doi: 10.1080/07393180500072053
 Weiß, H.-J. (1986). Rundfunkinteressen und Pressejournalismus. Abschließende Analysen und Anmerkungen zu zwei inhaltsanalytischen Zeitungsstudien. Media Perspektiven, 2(86), 53-73.

Social networks: a socio-educational vision. Systematic review

The future and already current industrial revolution 4.0 demand the introduction of a digital transformation in the higher education contributing to the formation of competent professionals, for which, they are evidenced in the pedagogies and emergent technologies, an increase of didactic experiences in the use of the digital social networks. In this research a systematic review to identify current trends in the use of online social networks for educational purposes are performed. PRISMA protocol was used and analyzed 79 studies present in the database Scopus. In the systematic review, the following questions are answered: What types of designs predominate in the scientific literature? What is the dependentindependent pairs of variables? And What are the current trends in the use of digital social networks for educational purposes? As a result of this research, Facebook is reaffirmed as the social network most used by educators and the need for the integrated and varied use of these networks. It concludes with the defense of the following trends: university institutional communication policies from the curricular levels; the development of creativity, cultural convergence and media diversification; educational innovation; media culture and academic digital identity

Effects of Incidental Brief Exposure to News on News Knowledge While Scrolling Through Videos

Increasing media choices due to online media diversification ensure that people without any interest in news avoid news media. This obstructs the construction of a shared social reality given the presence of politics news seekers and news avoiders. For mitigating these issues using media, incidental exposure to news on the Internet can be a powerful tool because it can bring news to the awareness of people who are politically disinterested. We studied the effects of the glimpsing a news screen for less than a few seconds while watching online television news, termed incidental brief exposure, on news knowledge. For evaluating the effects, we combined the logs of news-watching behavior on an online television (for incidental brief exposure) and the results of a questionnaire survey (for news knowledge and media repertories). We found that this incidental brief exposure mitigated the negative effect of social media usage on news knowledge. Although people with heavy social media usage have low news knowledge, heavy social media users with high frequently incidental brief exposure have more news knowledge than heavy social media users. As a possible scenario, memorizing news keywords due to incidental brief exposure may facilitate reading news related to these keywords when users incidentally encounter news on social media. On the other hand, the exposure did not moderate the effects of news media usage, such as mass media, curation sites, and online news sites. These findings suggest that incidental brief exposure while scrolling through videos, which is hardly noticed by users, enhances passive exposure effects in non-news media, such as social media.

Nigerian Rural Communities and Media Marginalization on COVID-19: Perspectives on Participatory Video

This article examined the impact of participatory video (PV) technique in (re)educating rural dwellers on Corona virus (COVID-19) at Iva-Valley Forestry Hill Camp 1, Southeast Nigeria, with a view to generating data that could be tested or extrapolated elsewhere. It used historical-analytic, key informant interview (KII) and direct observation methods to argue that the COVID-19 pandemic/period has exposed weaknesses immanent in human institutions globally. One of such exposed interstitial gaps is the seeming weak media-link in the rural areas. This situation results from lack of electricity, non-access to reliable locally-generated news by resident community members and the lack of know-how to use mobile phones to generate media contents. Rural dwellers constitute 49.66 percent of the total Nigerian population (National Population Commission [NPC], 2018), yet media focus in Nigeria is mostly urban-driven. Having interacted and co-created a video script in Igbo with the community members through PV to determine the level of (mis)information that has permeated the community and (re)educated the rural dwellers on Corona virus and strategies to prevent its spread, the study canvassed the use of indigenous languages, diversification of media and PV techniques in the dissemination of credible information on COVID-19 in Nigeria, particularly at the grassroots

『난중일기』 매체 다양화와 언어기호의 변용 양상 : 인물의 기능 부담량을 중심으로

『난중일기』 매체 다양화와 언어기호의 변용 양상 : 인물의 기능 부담량을 중심으로

メディアの多様化と図書館の施設計画 ( ライブラリー・デザイン)

メディアの多様化と図書館の施設計画 ( ライブラリー・デザイン)

Evaluating the Product Portfolio of NHK, the Japanese Public Service Broadcaster: A Propensity Score Matching Approach

ABSTRACTPublic service broadcasters (PSBs) around the world are restructuring their constituencies to meet the new challenges of increasing media diversification. New PSB management approaches include the diversification of transmission channels and development of contents. The optimum deployment of distribution channels and content genres, referred to as Portfolio Management, is now a major management priority and will provide the most efficient strategic allocation of management resources. In this article, we take NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai), Japan’s PSB, as a research target and analyze and evaluate its portfolio management. NHK has introduced the Value for Money (VFM) index through the measurement of WTP (Willingness to Pay), and has initiated channel-genre matrix management. This study aims to estimate the WTP of viewers’ reception fees from viewer surveys, and then distribute these WTP values to the channel-genre matrix. We then use Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to evaluate how NHK’s channel-genre matrix management is oriented toward public service value by dividing the sample population into high citizen orientation and low citizen orientation groups, and examining how the distributed WTP to genres differs between the two groups.

디지털 미디어 융합과 영화 내러티브의 인터랙티비티

본 연구는 지금까지의 극장을 중심으로 한 수동적 영화 관람을 벗어나 더 능동적인 참여를 통하여 영화 내러티브에 개입하고자 하는 관객의 욕망이 영화의 내러티브 구축 방식을 어떻게 바꿀 것인가 하는 문제에 대한 철학적 배경을 논의하고자 하는 목적을 갖는다. 빅스크린을 중심으로 한 집단적인 관극 경험이 과거의 영화적 정체성을 규정짓는 것이었다면, 다양한 디지털 미디어 융합이 이루어지고 있는 매체 다변화의 시대에 있어서 점점 극장이 갖는 절대적 가치는 해체되고 있다. 이러한 상황은 책이라는 매체에 대해 롤랑 바르트가 예견했던 저자의 죽음에 비교되는 것으로, 이제 이와 같이 새롭게 등장하는 '영화'들에 대해 논의할 시대이다. 이러한 논의에서 가장 중요한 것은 미래의 영화 내러티브의 변모 양상으로, 특히 3막 구조, 카타르시스를 불러일으키는 구성 등이 과거의 내러티브를 규정짓는 것이었다면, 이제 미래의 영화 내러티브는 관객의 참여를 통해 내러티브에 적극적으로 인터랙션하는 구조로 바뀌게 될 것이다. 본고에서는 특히 게임이 아니라 영화만이 줄 수 있는 수동적 경험성이라는 측면의 가치를 중시하면서 가능한 관객 인터랙션 방식을 고민해보고 지금까지의 인터랙티브 시네마의 시도와 향후의 가능성을 확인해보고자 하였다. This study has a main purpose on discussing the issue how the construction of film narrative will be changed by audience's desire to intervene into film narrative through the active participation, out of watching a film passively in movie theater. Compared with the collective theatergoing experience in big screen was defined as the past cinematic identity, the absolute value of movie theater fragmented increasingly in the era of media diversification facing with digital media convergence. As this situation can be compared with "the author's death" Roland Barthes predicted on the mono-media of the book, thus, we are to take the time to discuss the new emerging 'movies'. The most important thing in this discussion is the aspect of the transformation of narrative in the future screening. Especially, while 3 act structure and configuration evoking a catharsis in film narrative are elements defining aspect of the past narrative, then, the future narrative in film will change to the structure interacting with audience actively. This paper had a discussion how could be possible the aucience interaction in only movie valuing the passive experientiality uniquely in screening over the other media through investigating the attempts of interactive cinema so far and the possibility of future.

Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men: Superheroes and the American Experience Julian C.Chambliss, WilliamSvitavsky, and ThomasDonaldson, Editors. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013.

Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men: Superheroes and the American Experience Julian C. Chambliss, William Svitavsky, and Thomas Donaldson, Editors. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013.The enduring popularity of comics superheroes in print, cinema, and electronic games has had a significant impact on the rise of popular to what is now perceived as a core position of representation. Editors Julian Chambliss, William Svitavsky, and Thomas Donaldson identify comic book superheroes as cultural markers for post-war US culture (1). Their declared goal is to place the study of superhero comics in the broad context of cultural, social, and political transformations in the past century (1). Their introduction is unfortunately too brief to truly identify what is unique about their approach compared to previous superhero anthologies. For example, readers may be curious to learn what Chambliss, Svitavsky, and Donaldson mean, and which social theorists they draw on, when they declare that superheroes are a multimedia and what their approach is to examine the genre as a distinct institution (2).Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men is divided into the three epochs commonly used in comics studies: the Golden Age ranging from the beginning of World War II to the mid-1950s; the Silver Age covering the Cold War era from the mid-1950s through the massive social changes of the 1970s and 1980s; and finally, foregoing the Bronze Age label, they conclude with the Modern Age and its diversification of media and the late capitalism of the post-Cold War era. Although the Silver Age category seems unnecessarily broad, this chronology works quite well to establish the historical boundaries for the analyses of superhero comics in each segment. The essays are diverse and well edited, each followed by endnotes. There is a combined subject and author index at the end of the book along with notes on the contributors. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive bibliography. All bibliographical references are buried along with other notes in the endnotes following each chapter. Oddly enough, one chapter does provide a separate bibliography, namely Lance Eaton's very informative chapter on Superman. It almost seems like an editorial error since none of the other chapters has bibliographies.Another unusual detail about Ages of Heroes, Eras of Men, in comparison to other recent comics studies publications, is the complete absence of illustrations. …

From Centralization to Selective Diversification: A Historical Analysis of Media Structure and Agency in China, 1949–2013

This article examines the dynamics of media centralization and diversification of media in China from 1949 to 2013. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, we conceptualize media structure as the structure of the media field, which encompasses 1) the field boundaries and 2) the internal differentiation of the field. Within the historically changing fields, we also explore 3) the operation of media organizations by using agency theory. We conclude that recent media diversification in China is manifested in the controlled, selective and limited widening of field boundaries; the internal diversification of media structure; and the bifurcation of the contract governing the principal-agent relationship between the party-state and media organizations.

Testing Generational, Life Cycle, and Period Effects of Age on Agenda Setting

This study explores the relationship between age and the media's agenda-setting effects both by cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Using American National Election Studies surveys and the New York Times Index data from 1960 to 2004, we test three possible effects of age on the agenda-setting process: generational, life-cycle, and period effects. Findings show the public agenda is fairly stable across generations and age cohorts despite increasing signs of media diversification and audience specialization. More important, different generations’ agendas were overall correlated with the media agenda in each year, indicating robust agenda-setting effects of the media on the public, except for baby boomers. The findings generally support the hypothesis of period effects. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Diversifying the newsroom, diversifying the news: challenges and obstacles in Central and Eastern Europe

As immigration and the flow of labor continue to alter Central and Eastern Europe demographics, the imperative to increase diversity inside newsrooms and in news coverage becomes more critical. Media organizations must respond to that imperative to adequately serve their communities with relevant news and information. Obstacles to diversification of the newsrooms and news include: media consolidation and foreign ownership; economic constraints; established newsroom culture; traditional patterns of professional practice; and lingering communist-era legacies. This article explores major barriers to diversity within news organizations, as well as diversity in the types of stories covered and how reporters cover them in democratic and semi-democratic countries of the region. It includes a discussion of initiatives intended to improve diversity in both those contexts. It incorporates data on media diversity and lack of diversity, interviews with media diversity experts and trainers, and examples of media diversification initiatives in Central and Eastern Europe.

Understanding and Enhancing the Role of the Mass Media in Evolutionary Psychology Education

Mass media has always been a prominent source of science information for the general public, and more so than academic journals. The diversification of media with specialized online outlets and the participatory nature of the Internet have opened opportunities, as well as challenges, for researchers and educators. This paper represents our attempt to address this issue with respect to human evolutionary behavioral sciences, and suggest ways to successfully navigate interactions with the mass media for effective evolutionary education. We briefly review how one can interact with the mass media for educational purposes, focusing on how best to situate one’s research within evolutionary theory. We describe our own experiences and those of other academic colleagues who have received mass media attention, noting both positive and negative results. We also provide specific tips on how to best interact with various forms of media.

Global Paradigm Shift: Strategic Management of New and Digital Media in New and Digital Economics

The purpose of this conceptual article is to outline and explain a global paradigm shift in strategic management of new and digital media in the age of new and digital economics. Accordingly, this article presents an analysis of the 5 most-successful international media conglomerates (Time Warner, Walt Disney Co., News Corporation, CBS Corp., and Bertelsmann AG) in regards to their annual revenue, profit, and stock growth, as well as total debt to equity. The article finds that 4 out of the 5 firms are American (Time Warner, Walt Disney Co., News Corporation, and CBS Corp.), and 1 is German (Bertelsmann AG). For the most part, 6 factors are particularly dominant in explaining the profitable growth of leading international media conglomerates at the macrolevel: cross-media content distribution leveraging and repurposing, innovation management, vertical integration, vertical expansion, media diversification, and large number of shareholders. To more effectively position and leverage new paradigmatic models largely influencing volatile media markets, this article proposes the creation and adoption of repurposed media content and economies of aggregation (triple- and quadruple-play bundling strategies and network externalities) for the emerging Internet Protocol TV, Internet TV, and the mobile-TV markets. Dr. Zvezdan Vukanovic is an assistant professor in media management and economics at the Faculty of International Business, Economics and Finance, DG University in Montenegro and a visiting lecturer in management, marketing and international business at the School of Business and Economics, Thompson Rivers University, Canada.