Diverse Women Research Articles

Underrepresentation of diverse populations and clinical characterization in opioid agonist treatment research: A systematic review of the neurocognitive effects of buprenorphine and methadone treatment

IntroductionThe relative neurocognitive effects of the two most common opioid agonist treatments (OAT; buprenorphine and methadone) for opioid use disorder (OUD) are poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the neurocognitive effects of OAT (buprenorphine and methadone) and the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of study samples.Methods: The research team queried PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane Reviews for articles (01/1980–01/2020) with terms related to neurocognitive testing in adults (age ≥ 18) prescribed OAT. The team extracted neurocognitive data and grouped them by domain (e.g., executive functioning, learning/memory), and assessed study quality. ResultsThe search retrieved 2341 abstracts, the team reviewed 278 full articles, and 32 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 31 were observational designs and one was an experimental design. Healthy controls performed better across neurocognitive domains than OAT-treated persons (buprenorphine or methadone). Compared to those with active OUD, OAT-treated persons had better neurocognition in various domains. However, in seven studies comparing buprenorphine- and methadone-treated persons, buprenorphine was associated with better neurocognition than was methadone, with moderate to large effect sizes in executive functioning, attention/working memory, and learning/memory. Additionally, OAT research underreports clinical characteristics and underrepresents Black and Latinx adults, as well as women. ConclusionsFindings suggest that compared to active opioid use, both buprenorphine and methadone treatment are associated with better neurocognitive functioning, but buprenorphine is associated with better executive functioning, attention/working memory, and learning/memory. These findings should be interpreted with caution given widespread methodological heterogeneity, and limited representation of ethnoracially diverse adults and women. Rigorous longitudinal comparisons with more diverse, better characterized samples will help to inform treatment and policy recommendations for persons with OUD.

Sustained nurse home-visiting with culturally and linguistically diverse families: Australian nurses' perspectives.

In Australia, sustained nurse home-visiting (SNHV) programs are designed and implemented to promote positive outcomes for mothers with young children experiencing complex life challenges. Despite the crucial role of trained public health nurses, there is a dearth of research about their experiences delivering these programs to culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) families with limited English proficiency (LEP). This study aimed to explore the experiences of public health nurses in providing services to CALD families with LEP. Two focus groups were conducted with 13 public health nurses in two major local health districts in Sydney. The focus groups were audio recorded for transcription purposes, and thematically analyzed. A socioecological framework was applied during the analysis process. Five major themes were identified: (1) program issues; (2) service system issues in understanding and responding to diverse women; (3) issues working with interpreters; (4) trusting relationships; and (5) mother-related facilitators. To achieve better access and engagement for CALD families, it is crucial that public health nurses increase their knowledge and awareness about potential challenges, such as female interpreter availability, and facilitators, such as engaging the broader family, in order to effectively deliver healthcare services to diverse populations.

A qualitative exploration of school racial diversity, friendship choices, and Black women's identity-based experiences in high school

Social integration is a critical component of adolescents' positive school adjustment. Although prior scholars have highlighted how Black women and girls' social identities (e.g., race, gender, social class) influence their academic and social experiences in school, very little work has focused on how school racial diversity shapes Black girls' peer networks throughout K–12 education. To address this gap in the literature, the present qualitative study explored the narratives of 44 Black undergraduate women (Mage = 20 years) who reflected on their friendship choices in high school. We used consensual qualitative research methods to examine how Black women navigated friendships during their time attending predominantly White (less than 20% Black), racially diverse (21%–60% Black), and predominantly Black (61%–100% Black) high schools. Coding analyses revealed five friendship themes: (a) Black female friends, (b) mostly Black friends, (c) mostly interracial friends, (d) mostly White friends, and (e) White friends in academic settings and Black friends in social settings. Our findings highlight how the young women's ongoing negotiation of racialized and gendered school norms influenced their sense of closeness with same-race and interracial peers. Black girls may have challenges with forming lasting and meaningful friendships when they cannot find peers who are affirming and supportive, particularly in predominantly White school contexts. This study underscores the need to look at how racial diversity in the student population offers school psychologists and educators insight into how to better support the social and emotional development of Black girls.

Gender and cycling: reconsidering the links through a reconstructive approach to Mexican history

ABSTRACT What is the relationship between bicycle travel and gender relations in changing social contexts? How can socio-cultural research contribute to a nuanced analysis of women and cycling without relying on universalizing translations? Drawing from intersectional feminist ethnography and decolonial theory, this paper complicates certain generalizations about the relationship between women and bicycling. Through a reconstructive approach to Mexican history, it examines the bicycle’s changing roles and meanings as well as the ways that women confront gender stereotypes on and off of the bicycle. This paper aims to resituate diverse women’s experiences in local cycling histories and current planning agendas. It posits the need for greater attention to the complex social processes that enable and restrict bicycle travel, engendering multiple and at times conflicting meanings.

Trauma and Alcohol Use Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Women: An Examination of the Stress-Buffering Hypothesis of Social Support.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) women (i.e., individuals who were assigned male at birth and identify as women or trans women) experience trauma at disproportionate rates compared to cisgender populations. While trauma is associated with increased alcohol use among TGD women, research regarding factors that are protective of this association is scant. The stress-buffering hypothesis of social support suggests that perceived social support, defined as the judgment that social network members will be helpful when individuals experience stress, may buffer and reduce the association between trauma symptoms and alcohol use. However, this relationship has not been examined among TGD women. We examined whether perceived social support moderates the association between trauma and alcohol use among 89 TGD women. Exploratory multiple regression analyses provided support for this hypothesis, insofar as trauma symptoms were related to alcohol use by individuals with low, relative to high levels of perceived social support. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that this finding was driven by perceived social support from friends and family. Our results are the first to suggest that social support reduces alcohol use among TGD women and add to the literature on their trauma and alcohol use.

The influence of childhood and early adult adversities on substance use behaviours in racial/ethnically diverse young adult women: a latent class analysis

Childhood and adult adversities occur more frequently among women and persons of colour, possibly influencing racial/ethnic disparities in substance use behaviours. This study investigates how childhood and adult adversities cluster together by race/ethnicity and how these clusters predict binge drinking, tobacco, e-cigarette, and marijuana use. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used in a combined sample from the 2015 to 2018 Minnesota College Student Health Survey to identify clusters of childhood and adult adversities among Asian, Black, Latina, and White women aged 18–25. Each substance use outcome was regressed on each adversity cluster across each race/ethnicity group. Across all racial/ethnic groups and substance use outcomes, the high adversity cluster exhibited the greatest risk. Significant racial/ethnic disparities were observed across several substance use behaviours; these were attenuated among women with fewer adversities. The reduced substance use disparities found among those with lower adversities suggest that prevention of adversities may advance health equity.

Impact of leadership development and facilitated peer coaching on women's individual, collective, and organizational behaviors in human services

AbstractThe future health of the human service nonprofit sector depends largely upon its ability to train a diverse generation of emerging and current leaders (Araque & Weiss, 2019, Oxford University Press). To successfully meet this challenge, leadership development programs must ensure equitable access to training and equip participants, especially women, to not just develop a leadership mindset, but apply the knowledge and skills they gain to change behaviors and organizational practices (Araque & Weiss, 2019, Oxford University Press). We examine the experiences of a sample of racially diverse (56% of color and 44% White) women human service professionals across the first 5 years of a leadership development program and highlight the impact of their leadership learning and coaching on changes in individual and organizational behaviors. Data were collected through a Qualtrics online survey of 76 of 96 (79% response rate) women participants and two interviews with women coaches who facilitated multiple peer coaching circles. Results show the value and benefits of leadership learning and coaching on women's mindset and work behaviors. As participants moved from learning to action, they applied a range of new ways of behaving and performing, which they perceived had an impact on their organizations' practices and members.

How Are They Different? An Exploration of Family and School Factors among Post-Adjudicated Young Women

This study explores the associations between family and school factors, and their relationship to criminal risk among post-adjudicated diverse young women. Cross-sectional data were collected through the Positive Achievement Change Tool using seven measures of family and school factors (n = 365). After controlling for age, this model (Family incarceration, Running away from home, School suspension or Expulsion, Abuse, Neglect and Special education need) emerged as significant predictors of criminal risk (p ≤ .001). However, only family incarceration and special education needs (learning, behavioral or ADHD/ADD) were predictive of higher levels of criminal risk for Black young women while running away from home was predictive for Hispanic young women. Interventions should be gender-specific and culturally responsive in addressing family and school factors that impact diverse young women.

Impact of depression and stress on placental DNA methylation in ethnically diverse pregnant women.

Aim: To investigate the association between placental genome-wide methylation at birth and antenatal depression and stress during pregnancy. Methods: We examined theassociation between placental genome-wide DNA methylation (n=301) and maternal depression and stress assessed at six gestation periodsduring pregnancy. Correlation between DNA methylation at the significantly associated CpGs and expression of nearby genes in theplacenta was tested. Results: Depression and stress were associated with methylation of 16 CpGs and twoCpGs, respectively, at a 5% false discovery rate. Methylation levels at two of the CpGs associated with depression were significantly associated with expression of ADAM23 and CTDP1, genes implicated in neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric diseases. Conclusion: Placental epigenetic changes linked to antenatal depression suggest potential fetal brain programming. Clinical trial registration number: NCT00912132 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

“Spain’s Queen of Soul”: Donna Hightower and Black Women’s Internationalism during the 1960s–1980s

Donna Hightower (1926–2013) was an African American jazz expatriate who emigrated to Spain in the late 1960s and settled there until the mid-1990s. At first glance, Hightower’s international tours and musical career in Spain seem unrelated to the broader Black Freedom Struggle. She independently traveled throughout Europe without assistance from other Black jazz expatriates and intentionally disassociated herself from major civil rights and Black Power organizations. However, a closer examination of her life and influence in Spain highlights the diverse ways Black women participated in global politics and cultural diplomacy in the late twentieth century. This article argues that Hightower engaged in three forms of Black internationalism—political activism, public self-fashioning, and Black religious expression—in order to challenge existing social structures in the United States and Spain. In the process, she denounced American racism, uplifted African American religious practices, and presented alternative representations of Black womanhood on a global scale.

Predictors of phthalate metabolites exposure among healthy pregnant women in the United States

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Phthalate exposure varies by geographic region, race, sex, product use, and other factors. Exposure is associated with detrimental reproductive and developmental outcomes. Few studies consider sociodemographic differences in exposure through the course of pregnancy. We examined determinants of phthalate metabolites during pregnancy in a cohort of diverse nulliparous pregnant women. METHODS: We report on urinary metabolites of 4 parent phthalates: Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP - MBzP), Di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP - MiBP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP - MEP), Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (∑DEHP) from urine collected up to three times (e.g. once in each trimester) from 960 women enrolled in the Nulliparous Mothers To Be Study. Phthalate metabolites were adjusted for specific gravity; concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD) were replaced with LOD/√2. We calculated the geometric mean of concentrations in each trimester for each metabolite. Generalized linear models examined characteristics that predicted average levels of phthalate metabolites. RESULTS:In the prediction model, maternal race and clinical site were significant predictors (p-value .0.05) for MiBP and MEP. Compared to non-Hispanic White women, higher concentrations of MiBP were found in Hispanic and Asian women, and higher concentrations of MEP was found in Asian women respectively. Metabolite concentration varied throughout the US. Women who received care at in sites in Illinois, California and Pennsylvania had lower MBzP concentration in comparison to women who received care in sites in Ohio. Women who received care in Illinois had higher MEP levels on average when compared to women who received care in Ohio. Lastly, women who received care in New York and Pennsylvania had higher DEHP concentration in comparison to women receiving care in Ohio. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest differences in exposure among heterogenous groups of women and indicate independent exposure patterns that may imply the need for interventions targeted toward specific groups to reduce exposure. KEYWORDS: Phthalates, predictors, environmental epidemiology

Facilitated Peer Coaching among Women Human Service Professionals: Leadership Learning, Application and Lessons Learned

ABSTRACT Women are often overlooked for leadership coaching. Facilitated peer coaching (FPC) has emerged as cost-efficient and effective; however, lacks research in HSOs. We collected focus group and interview data from 30 racially diverse women and two women coaches in a human services leadership program on key benefits, effectiveness and challenges of FPC for learning application. Areas of greatest growth included individual mind-set and interpersonal behavior in organizational practices. Challenges included time restraints and powerlessness to shift organizational culture. HSOs can scale up leadership coaching for women by providing time, resources, support, and partnering with organizations for coaching across a network. PRACTICE POINTS Participants noted that the area of greatest growth for them from facilitated peer coaching was a shift in their mind-set, including boosted confidence in being a leader and advocating for themselves, becoming more self-aware and self-reflective about their perceptions of and behaviors toward others, and becoming stronger personally and professionally. Many participants described increased competence in and application of technical types of skills and some described teaching others to deepen organizational learning. Facilitated peer coaching helped women develop a deeper sense of connection with each other and a clearer understanding about the work other managers are engaged in and the common challenges they face. Peer coaching is most effective when participants share similar levels of power within their organization. A necessary step for human service managers is to provide women with leadership learning and coaching opportunities, whether individual or collective, in which knowledge, skills, and ideas can be collaboratively shared and supported.

Family−school conflict and self-regulation among diverse women in higher education

PurposeThis study investigated whether family−school conflict, directly and indirectly, predicts behavioral regulatory strategies (via emotion regulation) among women in higher education. The authors aim to hypothesize that the direct and indirect effects would vary by race/ethnicity.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 1,872 incoming first-year female students from a large, racially/ethnically diverse urban public university. They were classified into four racial/ethnic groups: 22% Asian American (n = 403), 11% Black (n = 209), 46% Latina (n = 865), and 21% White (n = 395). Data were collected from institutional records and an online student pre-matriculation survey. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to explore the structural relations among key variables.FindingsFamily−school conflict was negatively associated with help-seeking in all racial/ethnic groups, whereas family−school conflict was negatively associated with time management only for Latina students. In addition, family−school conflict indirectly predicted time management and help-seeking through increased emotion regulation, particularly among Latina students.Originality/valueIn considering racial heterogeneity, the results showed the importance of analyzing racial/ethnic groups separately to obtain more accurate information on self-regulation mechanisms in family−school conflict contexts.

Breast Density Awareness and Knowledge in a Mammography Screening Cohort of Predominantly Hispanic Women: Does Breast Density Notification Matter?

New York State law mandates that women with dense breasts receive a written notification of their breast density (BD) and its implications, but data on the impact of dense breast notification (DBN) on BD awareness and knowledge in diverse populations remain limited. Between 2016 and 2018, we collected survey and mammographic data from 666 women undergoing screening mammography in New York City (ages 40-60, 80% Hispanic, 69% Spanish-speaking) to examine the impact of prior DBN on BD awareness by sociodemographic and breast cancer risk factors, and describe BD knowledge by sources of information. Only 24.8% of the overall sample and 34.9% of women receiving DBN had BD awareness. In multivariable models adjusting for DBN, awareness was significantly lower in women who were Spanish-speaking [OR, 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0.30 vs. English speakers], were foreign-born (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16-0.58 vs. U.S.-born), and had lower educational attainment (e.g., high school degree or less; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.08-0.26 vs. college or higher degree). Women receiving DBN were more likely to be aware of BD (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.59-4.27) but not more knowledgeable about the impact of BD on breast cancer risk and detection. However, women reporting additional communication about their BD showed greater knowledge in these areas. DBN increases BD awareness disproportionately across sociodemographic groups. Efforts to improve communication of DBN must focus on addressing barriers in lower socioeconomic and racially and ethnically diverse women, including educational and language barriers.

Guideline adherence for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among diverse women with BRCA mutations at an urban public hospital

<h3>Objectives:</h3> Rates of referral to genetic counseling are low for women of color and lower socioeconomic status, and these women are underrepresented in studies examining decisional factors related to uptake of risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (rrBSO) in patients with pathogenic <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i> mutations. To address this gap in the literature, our objective is to report adherence to evidence-based guidelines for rrBSO recommendation and uptake among <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> mutation carriers at an urban, public academic center whose population is racially and socioeconomically diverse, and to identify any association of sociodemographic variables with rrBSO uptake. <h3>Methods:</h3> This is an IRB-approved retrospective cohort study of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> mutation carriers eligible for rrBSO by NCCN guidelines presenting from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. Zip codes and census data were used as surrogate determinants for neighborhood exposure to poverty, unemployment, food security and violent crime. Differences between groups were determined by Chi-square analyses and associations determined by logistic regression modeling. <h3>Results:</h3> The study population was made up of 167 eligible patients, 39% of whom were Black (n=65), 35% Caucasian (n=59), 19% Hispanic (n=32), and 7% self-identified as ‘other' race. Less than 5% of patients reported known Ashkenazi Jewish heritage. Approximately half carried either <i>BRCA1</i> (51%, n=86) or <i>BRCA2</i> (46%, n=77) mutations (unspecified <i>BRCA</i> mutation, n=4). Over 95% (n=159) received the recommendation for age-appropriate rrBSO, and 52% (n=87) underwent the surgery. Women who had rrBSO were older, with 56% being 50 years or older at the time of the study (n=49), compared to 35% in the group who had not undergone the surgery (n=28, p=0.0058). There were no other differences between groups (Table 1). Black race (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.02 - 13.46) was associated with uptake of rrBSO, as were lower rates of unemployment (continuous OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.35), and documented recommendation for rrBSO (OR 56.01, 95% CI 3.42 - 917.43). There was no significant association between rrBSO uptake and mutation type, age, parity, insurance type, level of education, neighborhood poverty, food security or violent crime, personal history of breast cancer, or family history of ovarian or other <i>BRCA-</i>related cancers. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This study demonstrates that the majority of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> carriers at an urban, public hospital received the recommendation for age-appropriate rrBSO. Black race and lower unemployment were associated rrBSO uptake. Genetic counseling was associated with adherence to evidence-based guidelines for the recommendation, as well as patients' odds of having the surgery. Future qualitative studies will report decisional factors in this diverse population.

Gender and the politics of war historiography in Buchi Emecheta’s Destination Biafra

Buchi Emecheta’s novel about the Nigerian Civil War, Destination Biafra (1982), challenges war historiography in ways that scholarship designating it a “female perspective” on the conflict can sometimes overlook. This article focuses on how Emecheta deploys a dual narrative approach that weaves an omniscient narrator with diverse Nigerian women’s points of view in order to position their lived experiences and subjective knowledges as collectively amounting to the definitive history of the Civil War. This draws the reader’s attention to the gendered effects of the civil war as the lens whereby which all facets of the war can be understood - even and especially its macro causes in neocolonialism and petrocapitalism. By writing women who know the economic imperatives behind the conflict; exercise agency under dangerous circumstances; and employ methods of survival that safeguard others, Emecheta reveals the gendered politics of war historiography, and tests these politics by collapsing distinctions between what is habitually conceived of as the war front (and therefore to be narrated by active combatants), and everywhere else (to be narrated by witnesses, refugees, or survivors). Destination can therefore be understood as an attempt to intervene directly in historiographical method, as it rejects the designation of women’s war experiences as mere addenda and questions gendered expectations of where to look for and find historical truths.

Evaluating Locally Developed Interventions to Promote PrEP Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Transgender Women in the United States: A Unique CDC Initiative.

In the United States, transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV. However, few evidence-based prevention interventions exist for this key population. We describe two promising, locally developed interventions that are currently being implemented and evaluated through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Combination HIV Prevention for Transgender Women Project: (a) ChiCAS, designed to promote the uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), condom use, and medically supervised hormone therapy among Spanish-speaking transgender Latinas, and (b) TransLife Care, designed to address the structural drivers of HIV risk through access to housing, employment, legal services, and medical services, including HIV preventive care (e.g., PrEP use) among racially/ethnically diverse urban transgender women. If the evaluation trials determine that these interventions are effective, they will be among the first such interventions for use with transgender women incorporating PrEP, thereby contributing to the evidence-based resources that may be used to reduce HIV risk among this population.

Feasibility study of the Home-based Exercises for Responsible Sex (HERS) intervention to promote correct and consistent condom use among young women

BackgroundMale condoms are effective in preventing common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancy, if used correctly and consistently. However, condom use errors and problems are common and young people report negative experiences, such as reduced pleasure. The Kinsey Institute Home-Based Exercises for Responsible Sex (KIHERS) is a novel condom promotion intervention for young women, which aims to reduce condom errors and problems, increase self-efficacy and improve attitudes towards condoms, using a pleasure-focussed approach. The study objective was to test the operability, viability and acceptability of an adapted version of the KIHERS intervention with young women aged 16–25 years in the United Kingdom (UK) (Home-Based Exercises for Responsible Sex-UK (HERS-UK).MethodsA repeated-measures single-arm design was used, with a baseline (T1) and two follow-up assessments (T2 and T3), conducted 4 weeks and 8 weeks post intervention over a 3-month period. Participants were provided a condom kit containing different condoms and lubricants and were asked to experiment with condoms alone using a dildo and/or with a sexual partner. Ten process evaluation interviews were conducted post intervention.ResultsFifty-five young women received the intervention; 36 (65%) completed T2 and 33 (60%) completed T3. Condom use errors and problems decreased, self-efficacy increased and attitudes towards condoms improved significantly. The proportion of participants who reported using a condom for intercourse in the past 4 weeks increased from T1 (20; 47%) to T2 (27; 87%) and T3 (23; 77%) and using lubricant with a condom for intercourse increased from T1 (6; 30%) to T2 (13; 48%)) and T3 (16; 70%). However, motivation to use condoms did not change. Cronbach’s alpha scores indicated good internal consistency of measures used. Qualitative data provided strong evidence for the acceptability of the intervention.ConclusionsHERS-UK was implemented as intended and the recruitment strategy was successful within a college/university setting. This feasibility study provided an early indication of the potential effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention, and the benefits of using a pleasure-focussed approach with young women. Measures used captured change in outcome variables and were deemed fit for purpose. Future research should explore cost-effectiveness of this intervention, in a large-scale controlled trial using a diverse sample and targeting young women most at risk of STIs.

Delays in breast cancer care by race and sexual orientation: Results from a national survey with diverse women in the United States.

Despite known differences in breast cancer by both race and sexual orientation, data on the intersectional experiences of Black sexual minority women (BSMW) along the care continuum are scant. This study sought to understand delays in breast cancer care by examining the intersection of race and sexual orientation. This online, cross-sectional survey enrolled racially and sexually diverse women aged ≥ 35 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the prior 10 years or had an abnormal screening in the prior 24 months. The authors calculated summary statistics by race/sexual orientation categories, and they conducted univariate and multivariable modeling by using multiple imputation for missing data. BSMW (n = 101) had the highest prevalence of care delays with 5.17-fold increased odds of a care delay in comparison with White heterosexual women (n = 298) in multivariable models. BSMW reported higher intersectional stigma and lower social support than all other groups. In models adjusted for race, sexual orientation, and income, intersectional stigma was associated with a 2.43-fold increase in care delays, and social support was associated with a 32% decrease in the odds of a care delay. Intersectional stigma may be an important driver of breast cancer inequities for BSMW. Reducing stigma and ensuring access to appropriate social support that addresses known barriers can be an important approach to reducing inequities in the breast cancer care continuum.

A Quantitative Correlational Study on Diversity Management, Career Planning, and Career Advancement for Women

Gender disparity is a pervasive problem in the United States automotive industry particularly in critical decision-making positions where male employees dominate the field. Three significant issues were addressed in this study: Diversity management, career planning, and women’s career advancement. The quantitative correlational study investigated how diversity management and career planning are related to women’s advancement in the US automotive industry to improve the representation of women in management and senior-level positions. The gender gap in management was examined through the organizational justice theory and grounded by the glass ceiling metaphor. Ninety-two full-time employees from an automotive company in Atlanta participated through Survey Monkey. Perceived Facilitators to Career Advancement Scales, the Perceived Barriers to Career Advancement Scales, and the Job Descriptive Index Scales were analyzed using multiple regression. The research questions addressed the individual and combined relationship between diversity management and career planning to career advancement.