Diverse Views Research Articles

Transforming Moral Suffering by Cultivating Moral Resilience and Ethical Practice.

Ethical challenges are inherent in nursing practice. They affect patients, families, teams, organizations, and nurses themselves. These challenges arise when there are competing core values or commitments and diverse views on how to balance or reconcile them. When ethical conflict, confusion, or uncertainty cannot be resolved, moral suffering ensues. The consequences of moral suffering in its many forms undermine safe, high-quality patient care, erode teamwork, and undermine well-being and integrity. My experience as a nurse in the pediatric intensive care unit and later as a clinical nurse specialist in confronting these moral and ethical challenges has been the foundation of my program of research. Together we will explore the evolution of our understanding of moral suffering-its expressions, meanings, and consequences and attempts to measure it. Moral distress, the most described form of moral suffering, took hold within nursing and slowly within other disciplines. After 3 decades of research documenting the existence of moral distress, there were few solutions. It was at this juncture that my work pivoted toward exploring the concept of moral resilience as a means for transforming but not eliminating moral suffering. The evolution of the concept, its components, a scale to measure it, and research findings will be explored. Throughout this journey, the interplay of moral resilience and a culture of ethical practice were highlighted and examined. Moral resilience is continuing to evolve in its application and relevance. Many vital lessons have been learned that can inform future research and guide interventions to harness the inherent capabilities of clinicians to restore or preserve their integrity and to engage in large-scale system transformation.

Pengaruh Media Pop-Up Digital terhadap Penanaman Karakter Toleransi Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun di KB Aisyiyah 16

Tolerance is an attitude and behavior of respecting each other’s diverse backgrounds, views, and beliefs by upholding a sense of unity in order to be able to realize a safe and peaceful life. The fact shows that tolerance in early childhood becomes a problem that requires special attention, such as the use of media. Digital pop-up is a medium used for learning activities. This study aims to stimulate the character value of tolerance to children by using digital pop-up media. It was conducted on the students of KB Aisyiah 16 Bubutan Surabaya aged 3-4 years. It used quantitative research methods, with a one group pretest-posttest design. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon match pair test. The results showed that aspects of cooperation and ethics increased with the value of Tcount = 0 and Ttabel = 8 or Tcount ≤ Ttable. Thus, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. That is, there is a positive influence on the use of digital pop-up media on the implementation of tolerance values in students of KB Aisyiah 16 Bubutan Surabaya aged 3-4 years. This was proved by students who are able to play together, help each other, tidy up toys, respect teachers and peers, not ridicule, and do not behave rudely towards their friends.

MEMENTO MORI: EXISTENTIAL AND RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES ON DEATH

Death is often understood as the antithesis of life, with ideas of our impermanence coming in diverse forms. The existentialists would argue that existence precedes essence; therefore, meaning is created, with both life and death conceptualized in accordance with the conscious self. For the believer in God, s/he would argue that essence precedes existence, implying that meaning is there for us to grasp and to embrace, both in this world and the assumed next. Such an 'essence' is one which pertains to divinity and its contingent awareness as well as expression. This article compares the ideas of death brought forward by existentialists with those elucidated by religionists. For the former, we shall engage with the French-Algerian philosopher Albert Camus and his notion of Absurdism. For the latter, we shall delve into the work of Titus Burckhardt, who touched upon concepts like annihilation of individuality (fana’) and a subsisting in/with the divine. Aiming to express this perennial subject's depth, examples from other faith systems will also be gleaned. We are not attempting a synthesis of the two frameworks; rather, we intend to draw attention to a shared human condition and its diverse views on death.

‘Being’ and ‘doing’: interconnections between researcher identity and conceptualizations of sustainability research

Sustainability research is characterized by a plurality of interests, actors, and research traditions. Sustainability is a widely used concept across multiple disciplines and often a cross-cutting theme in different research projects. However, there is a limited understanding of how researchers from multiple disciplinary backgrounds approach sustainability and position themselves in sustainability research as a part of their researcher identity. Previous studies among sustainability science experts have indicated diverse approaches and definitions of the socio-political, epistemic and normative dimensions of sustainability. In this study, we use semi-structured interviews with researchers (N = 7) and a survey distributed to two academic institutes in Finland (N = 376) to examine how researchers relate to sustainability research through the notions of identity as ‘being’ and ‘doing’ and how the differing ways to relate to sustainability research shape preferred definitions and approaches. The examination of perspectives among researchers enables the identification of diverse views related to sustainability and, consequently, sheds light on what kinds of ideas of sustainability get presented in the research. We conclude that understanding different identities is crucial for negotiating and implementing sustainability and developing sustainability research, requiring more attention to researchers’ positionality and reflexivity.

Continuity and Change of Traditional Islamic Law in Modern Times: tarjīḥ as a Method of Adaptation and Development of Legal Doctrines

Abstract In addition to ijtihād (independent legal reasoning), tarjīḥ (weighing up and preference) serves as a fundamental instrument of traditional Islamic law's operational work and was used on different levels. In modern times, tarjīḥ is still applied not only by individual scholars but also by collective fiqh institutions. However, the conception of tarjīḥ is undergoing a transformation in its current application. In the scope of this article, the first purpose is to provide a comprehensive overview of the conception and the diverse practical forms of the tarjīḥ in traditional Islamic law. The focus then lies on setting out how to apply tarjīḥ in modern Islamic jurisprudence. This article also aims to illustrate the conceptual and operational changes of tarjīḥ, paying special attention to the relation between tarjīḥ and ijtihād. Overall, this article intends, on the one hand, to contribute to the study of present Islamic law's developments; on the other hand, it examines the continuity and change of tarjīḥ from traditional Islamic law to contemporary fiqh institutions. It is argued that tarjīḥ in the modern age is not only used as a method of weighing and choosing a legal view that among the diverse views of pre-modern law most closely adapts to the current social circumstances, but that it is also integrated in the process of development of new legal doctrines.

What Is Political Sociology, When Politics Is Everywhere?

It has become commonplace (although never without risks!) to state that something is political. However, the conceptual and empirical solidity of this claim has become increasingly challenging due to the formulation of increasingly complex concepts and research methodologies. The notion of the political has itself become subject to political disagreement. Can political sociology keep up with the politicisation of everything, and the manifold approaches that are emerging to understand such a world? Can the field retain its capacity to bring together diverse views and issues? With the Journal of Political Sociology (JPS) we want to establish a home for the study of the political in all its forms.

Individual perceptions on the relationship between migraine and neck pain

BackgroundDespite neck pain being a common complaint for people with migraine, little is known about how individuals perceive the relationship between their migraine and neck pain. Exploring their beliefs and perceptions could provide valuable understanding to improve overall management and reduce the burden of migraine and neck pain. ObjectivesTo investigate individual perspectives on how migraine and neck pain relate. MethodsA retrospective qualitative study was performed. Seventy participants (mean age 39.2, 60 female) were recruited via community and social media advertisements, and interviewed by an experienced physiotherapist using a semi-structured interview framework. An Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the responses. ResultsFive themes were identified from the interviews: (i) the timing of neck pain and migraine, (ii) causality beliefs, (iii) burden of neck pain and migraine, (iv) experiences with treatment and (v) mismatched perspectives. Diverse views emerged, revealing links between the first two themes of timing and causality, showing increased burden in those suffering from both neck pain and migraine, and providing insights into apparently ineffective or even aggravating treatments. ConclusionsValuable insights for clinicians emerged. Due to the complex relationship, clinicians should discuss the aetiology of neck pain in migraine with patients. For some individuals, neck treatment may not produce long-term relief and may even aggravate migraine, but the value of short-term relief in a chronic condition must be considered individually. Clinicians are ideally placed to have discussions with patients individually to tailor individual decisions about management.

Changing teacher educator cognition within a collaborative teacher education programme for CLIL: A case study in China

This study reports on a six-month collaborative teacher education programme designed to support the implementation of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in the Chinese primary education context. ‘Activity theory’ was used as an analytical framework to investigate the changes in cognition regarding CLIL experienced by two teacher educators – one at district level and the other at school level – and the factors that contributed to shifts in their cognition. Thematic analysis was conducted on data consisting of semi-structured interviews, field notes, a reflective report, and project meeting minutes. Results indicate that for both teacher educators, the programme functioned as an activity system that facilitated the emergence of advanced cognition of CLIL over the six months of the project, and did so along two distinct trajectories, one focusing on pedagogical applications of CLIL tenets and the other centring on implementing CLIL as an educational policy. The results also show how the collaborative nature of the teacher education programme fostered the expression of diverse views as well as shared motives through frequent interaction and co-construction of knowledge. As such, it offers a viable alternative to more traditional top-down approaches that are used to foster the professional development of teacher educators.

Divergent RNA viruses infecting sea lice, major ectoparasites of fish.

Sea lice, the major ectoparasites of fish, have significant economic impacts on wild and farmed finfish, and have been implicated in the decline of wild salmon populations. As blood-feeding arthropods, sea lice may also be reservoirs for viruses infecting fish. However, except for two groups of negative-strand RNA viruses within the order Mononegavirales, nothing is known about viruses of sea lice. Here, we used transcriptomic data from three key species of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Caligus clemensi, and Caligus rogercresseyi) to identify 32 previously unknown RNA viruses. The viruses encompassed all the existing phyla of RNA viruses, with many placed in deeply branching lineages that likely represent new families and genera. Importantly, the presence of canonical virus-derived small interfering RNAs (viRNAs) indicates that most of these viruses infect sea lice, even though in some cases their closest classified relatives are only known to infect plants or fungi. We also identified both viRNAs and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) from sequences of a bunya-like and two qin-like viruses in C. rogercresseyi. Our analyses showed that most of the viruses found in C. rogercresseyi occurred in multiple life stages, spanning from planktonic to parasitic stages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that many of the viruses infecting sea lice were closely related to those that infect a wide array of eukaryotes with which arthropods associate, including fungi and parasitic tapeworms, implying that over evolutionary time there has been cross-phylum and cross-kingdom switching of viruses between arthropods and other eukaryotes. Overall, this study greatly expands our view of virus diversity in crustaceans, identifies viruses that infect and replicate in sea lice, and provides evidence that over evolutionary time, viruses have switched between arthropods and eukaryotic hosts in other phyla and kingdoms.

All Aboard: Gender Diversity and Safety Culture on the Track

Women have been historically underrepresented in both craft and management positions in the U.S. rail industry. Identified as one of the industry’s top workforce challenges, the present study provides a more detailed view of gender diversity in rail transportation, and how factors such as gender and management status interact to affect perceptions of safety culture in a sample of U.S. short line and regional railroads (Nrailroads = 23, Nrailroaders = 1,239). The results suggested that women tended to be older than men, have more education, and were more likely to be employed at larger organizations. Despite being employed in the railroad industry for fewer years than men, women in our sample were also more likely to be managers. With regard to safety culture, managers had more positive perceptions than craft employees, and female craft employees had more positive perceptions than male craft employees. Implications for the industry and avenues for future research and implementation are discussed.

What Is Political Sociology, When Politics Is Everywhere?

It has become commonplace (although never without risks!) to state that something is political. However, the conceptual and empirical solidity of this claim has become increasingly challenging due to the formulation of increasingly complex concepts and research methodologies. The notion of the political has itself become subject to political disagreement. Can political sociology keep up with the politicisation of everything, and the manifold approaches that are emerging to understand such a world? Can the field retain its capacity to bring together diverse views and issues? With the Journal of Political Sociology (JPS) we want to establish a home for the study of the political in all its forms.

Decision analysis for seabird recovery: Navigating complexity across ecosystems, balancing competing values and bridging spaces between research and implementation

AbstractConservation management decisions are challenging due to multiple, competing values (objectives) held by various parties, complex management options (alternatives), potential irreversible consequences, ubiquitous uncertainty and opaque governance structures. These complications are exacerbated when target species are highly mobile, utilise aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and interact with human interests. Even when decisions are made, these challenges may still inhibit management implementation. Decision analyses offer solutions, but are rarely applied in conservation management, especially for highly mobile species across ecosystems.We applied a formal decision analysis for the conservation management of a highly mobile seabird (Kuaka; Whenua Hou Diving Petrel;Pelecanoides whenuahouensis) across ecosystems. Together with Māori (Indigenous Peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand), government staff and industry representatives, we identified seven fundamental objectives and 11 potential alternatives. We predicted consequences of alternatives across objectives using state‐of‐the‐art statistical models, including integrated population models, and expert elicitations hosted through Shiny apps. We then used various decision‐analytical tools to weigh trade‐offs and identify the preferred alternative.The preferred alternative across objectives consisted of a combination of mitigation of vessel‐based light pollution, plant and competition management and inter‐island translocations. This alternative was predicted to provide the most effective conservation outcomes across values and ecosystems and was rapidly implemented in a stepwise fashion following this decision analysis.Synthesis and application. We illustrate that decision analyses provide inclusive environments for all participants despite diverse backgrounds and views, enable rational navigation of complex decision landscapes and facilitate transparent identification of preferred management options across all fundamental values, including Māori value systems and industry concerns. Additionally, we show that decision analyses can rapidly bridge the spaces between research and implementation. Therefore, we argue that the application of decision analyses has great potential to improve the field of conservation.

Multi-view clustering for multiple manifold learning via concept factorization

Clustering of multi-view data has attracted great interest in machine learning. Multi-view data is based on complementary and consistent information due to the collection of numerous sources. However, the current multi-view clustering method does not focus on learning the manifold structure for consensus representation over the kernel space, the overfitting redundant features of diverse view data, and ignoring the correlation among these complementary multiple views. In this article, a novel multi-view clustering approach is introduced to tackle this issue, which deploys concept factorization to indulge the intrinsic data information. The intrinsic geometry of the data and consensus representation are preserved through the utilization of manifold learning. In addition, the correlation constraint is adopted for learning the common shared structure from diverse views, and the smooth regularization term is deployed to alleviate the overfitting of views. Finally, we fuse all individual terms to formulate the objective function and design a theoretically guaranteed optimization procedure to solve the model. Extensive experiments conducted on the benchmark datasets suggest that the proposed algorithm surpasses state-of-the-art approaches regarding clustering performance.

A World Full of Creativity

Republic of Imagination. That is what Iranian-American writer Azar Nafisi calls the land of belonging for those that don’t belong anywhere but belong everywhere. As she puts it, it is a place that is intensely personal but shared globally.The Republic of Imagination. Sublime.Sublime because nothing drives the need to belong and connect like not belonging and not connecting. Sublime because The Republic of Imagination belongs to all sof us. Sublime because I am a resident of that republic. Today, we are announcing a three-year partnership with Tsinghua University and Zhuangshi Journal of Art and Design. During this time, we will publish three special, bilingual issues of Leonardo examining key and emerging concepts in design and technology. Anchored around a global call for papers, we invite and seek to include diverse views on issues impacting our planet and species.While we have been in conversations for years, the fact that our journey is beginning at a time of tension reminiscent of decades ago, is ironic. This partnership is a reflection of our history, our legacy, and our mission. Leonardo journal’s founder, Frank Malina, envisioned international cooperation on earth and believed in open information exchange. This partnership is the natural result of the friendship between Malina and Tsien Hsue-Shen that began in the 1940s and the collaboration with Shao Dazen, co-editor of the journal in the 1970s. Frank Malina looked beyond walls and past curtains to build connections between people and build trust. This partnership is very Leonardo.Today, what I think of is the global community connected through our imagination and buoyed by our creativity. What I find ironic is that while some recognize and expand the definition of stakeholders of our future to multispecies participants, others focus on redrawing lines on paper that limit our ability to fully harness our collective power to address critical planetary issues.We want to amplify the magic that occurs when hybrid creatives cross boundaries, color outside the lines, and unleash their imagination. We will learn together, learn from each other and create a platform for exchanging ideas on crucial topics.We will collaborate, we will critique, and we will imagine together.Join our boundaryless world of creativity.

Unified One-Step Multi-View Spectral Clustering

Multi-view spectral clustering, which exploits the complementary information among graphs of diverse views to obtain superior clustering results, has attracted intensive attention recently. However, most existing multi-view spectral clustering methods obtain the clustering partitions in a two-step scheme, i.e., spectral embedding and subsequent k-means. This two-step scheme inevitably seeks sub-optimal clustering results due to the information loss during the two-steps processes. Besides, existing multi-view spectral clustering methods do not jointly utilize the information of graphs and embedding matrices, which also degrades final clustering results. To solve these issues, we propose a unified one-step multi-view spectral clustering method, which integrates the spectral embedding and <formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex>$k$</tex></formula> -means into a unified framework to obtain discrete clustering labels with a one-step strategy. Under the observation that the inner product of the embedding matrix is a low-rank approximation of the graph, we combine graphs and embedding matrices of different views to obtain a unified graph. Then, we directly capture the discrete clustering indicator matrix from the unified graph. Furthermore, we design an effective optimization algorithm to solve the resultant problem. Finally, a set of experiments on various datasets are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The demo code of this work is publicly available at https://github.com/guanyuezhen/UOMvSC.

Co-creation of health-enabling initiatives in food retail: academic perspectives

IntroductionCo-creation of healthy food retail comprises the systematic collaboration between retailers, academics and other stakeholders to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. Research into the co-creation of healthy food retail is in its early stages. Knowledge of the roles and motivations of stakeholders in intervention design, implementation and evaluation can inform successful co-creation initiatives. This study presents academic experiences of stakeholder roles and motivations in the co-creation of healthy food retail environments.MethodsPurposive sampling of academics with research experience in the co-creation of healthy food retail initiatives. Semi-structured interviews conducted between October and December 2021 gathered participants’ experiences of multi-stakeholder collaborative research. Thematic analysis identified enablers, barriers, motivations, lessons and considerations for future co-creation of healthy food retail.ResultsNine interviewees provided diverse views and applications of co-creation research in food retail environments. Ten themes were grouped into three overarching areas: (i) identification of stakeholders required for changes to healthier food retail; (ii) motivations and interactions, which included the intrinsic desire to build healthier communities along with recognition of their work; and (iii) barriers and enablers included adequate resourcing, effective and trusting working relationships and open communications.ConclusionThis study provides insights that could help future co-creation in healthy food retail environments. Trusting and respectful relationships and reciprocal acknowledgement between stakeholders are key practices in the co-creation process. These constructs should be considered in developing and testing a model that helps to systematically co-create healthy food retail initiatives that ensure all parties meet their needs while also delivering research outcomes.

IMPACT OF DIGITAL TOOLS IN LANGUAGE LECTURING: EXPOUNDING THE VIEWS OF UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATORS

Technology has virtually occupied human activities in such a way that many have relied on it in providing solutions to many problems. Language pedagogy is one of the areas where technological-aided or digital tools have continued to prevail, though making language lecturing and learning more interesting. The use of digital tools has proven to enhance language lecturing, and several attempts have been made by scholars to ascertain the perception of lecturers towards the use of technological-aided tools in language lecturing. Many studies have given account on the university lecturers’ perspective on the bases of the advantages and the disadvantages of the use of these technological-aided tools in language. However, this study represents an effort to unveil the university administrators’ view on the use of digital tools, particularly, its impacts on language lecturers who use these tools to teach and also the language students who learn with these tools; and how it improves their language skills. In this scientific study, two hundred university administrators drawn from different universities were randomly selected. Among the two hundred university administrators, one hundred were male and one hundred females. Also, there was no target on a particular language, and the university administrators participated through responding to questionnaire inputs. The 200 university administrators that are polled for the study presented their diverse views; which are purely categorized into what this study described as the impact on lecturers and the impact on the learners. The research findings suggest that digital resources aid language lecturers and learners, the adequate application of these tools is highly dependent on the perspectives of the university administrators towards these tools. The study further indicates that university administrators are extensively embracing digital tools in language lecture halls, and aiming to replace traditional tools with digital tools.

Candida albicans selection for human commensalism results in substantial within-host diversity without decreasing fitness for invasive disease.

Candida albicans is a frequent colonizer of human mucosal surfaces as well as an opportunistic pathogen. C. albicans is remarkably versatile in its ability to colonize diverse host sites with differences in oxygen and nutrient availability, pH, immune responses, and resident microbes, among other cues. It is unclear how the genetic background of a commensal colonizing population can influence the shift to pathogenicity. Therefore, we examined 910 commensal isolates from 35 healthy donors to identify host niche-specific adaptations. We demonstrate that healthy people are reservoirs for genotypically and phenotypically diverse C. albicans strains. Using limited diversity exploitation, we identified a single nucleotide change in the uncharacterized ZMS1 transcription factor that was sufficient to drive hyper invasion into agar. We found that SC5314 was significantly different from the majority of both commensal and bloodstream isolates in its ability to induce host cell death. However, our commensal strains retained the capacity to cause disease in the Galleria model of systemic infection, including outcompeting the SC5314 reference strain during systemic competition assays. This study provides a global view of commensal strain variation and within-host strain diversity of C. albicans and suggests that selection for commensalism in humans does not result in a fitness cost for invasive disease.

Physical Activity Preferences of People Living with Brain Injury: Formative Qualitative Research to Develop a Discrete Choice Experiment.

The World Health Organization physical activity guidelines for people living with disability do not consider the needs of people living with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. This paper describes the qualitative co-development of a discrete choice experiment survey to inform the adaption of these guidelines by identifying the physical activity preferences of people living with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury in Australia. The research team comprised researchers, people with lived experience of traumatic brain injury and health professionals with expertise in traumatic brain injury. We followed a four-stage process: (1) identification of key constructs and initial expression of attributes, (2) critique and refinement of attributes, (3) prioritisation of attributes and refinement of levels and (4) testing and refining language, format and comprehensibility. Data collection included deliberative dialogue, focus groups and think-aloud interviews with 22 purposively sampled people living with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Strategies were used to support inclusive participation. Analysis employed qualitative description and framework methods. This formative process resulted in discarding, merging, renaming and reconceptualising attributes and levels. Attributes were reduced from an initial list of 17 to six: (1) Type of activity, (2) Out-of-pocket cost, (3) Travel time, (4) Who with, (5) Facilitated by and (6) Accessibility of setting. Confusing terminology and cumbersome features of the survey instrument were also revised. Challenges included purposive recruitment, reducing diverse stakeholder views to a few attributes, finding the right language and navigating the complexity of discrete choice experiment scenarios. This formative co-development process significantly improved the relevance and comprehensibility of the discrete choice experiment survey tool. This process may be applicable in other discrete choice experiment studies.

Valuing and devaluing: Struggles over social payments, dignity, and sneakers

ABSTRACTThis article examines the valuation struggles around Argentina's Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social (AUH), a large conditional cash transfer (CCT) program introduced in 2009. Thinking about value as a verb invites us to move away from reified notions and to consider the work differently positioned social actors do to value and devalue specific ideas, practices, people, and things. The article identifies two broad perspectives on the AUH, one that frames the social payments as an entitlement based on the rights of children and the other that frames the AUH as social assistance or help. There were many reasons to believe the AUH would have broad social support, yet most people, even most beneficiaries, saw the AUH as assistance rather than a right. Two other key concepts at play are work and dignity. These diverse views intersect—surprisingly—in discussion around sneakers, a topic that every interview and commentary on the AUH seems eventually to mention. Sneakers appear as a sign of dignity or as evidence of misspent government funds. This article thus attends to how political struggles are centrally about the practices of valuing and devaluing specific kinds of people.