Diverse Typologies Research Articles

Micromobility Users' Behaviour and Perceived Risk during Meeting Manoeuvres.

Mobility patterns and lifestyles have changed in recent years in cities worldwide, thanks to the strong rise in modes of travel commonly referred to as micromobility. In this context, e-scooters have experienced a great rise globally which has led to an increase of crashes involving this type of micromobility vehicle in urban areas. Thus, there is a need to study e-scooter users’ behaviour and their interaction with cyclists. This research aimed at characterizing the meeting manoeuvre between micromobility users along diverse typologies of two-way bicycle track by using an instrumented e-scooter. As a result, bicycle tracks having concrete or vegetated curb presented lower clearance distance (≈0.8 m) than those without edge elements (>1 m), with no statistically significant differences found between the interaction with bicycles and e-scooters. Additionally, an online questionnaire was proposed to assess users’ perceived risk during the meeting manoeuvre, concluding that micromobility users feel safer and more comfortable riding on pavements away from parked or moving motorized traffic, and on protected bicycle tracks.

Evaluation of QoL in cities of diverse neighbourhood typologies: A scientific study of New Delhi

ABSTRACT Quality of life (QoL) in urban areas is increasingly finding prominence in practice. There are numerous studies interlinking residential built environment and QoL at the city level but very few at the suburban level particularly for neighbourhoods. This research aims to prepare an analytical framework and a mathematical model to evaluate neighbourhood QoL as a function of its varying built environment and spatial attributes. In order to demonstrate this, a study is carried out for seven neighbourhood typologies of New Delhi by collecting data for both objective and subjective dimensions. The database is then analysed using statistical techniques of comparative analysis, correlation and regression analysis. The research indicates that (a) Quality of life within a city varies substantially at the neighbourhood level, and (b) current planning standards provide static city-wide benchmarks which are not attainable by most of the Indian neighbourhoods.

Cross-fertilization of knowledge and technologies in collaborative research projects

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how the cross-fertilization of knowledge and technologies in EU-funded research projects, including serious games and gamification, is influenced by the following variables: multidisciplinarity, knowledge base and organizations (number and diversity). The interrelation of actors and projects form a network of innovation. The largest contribution to cross-fertilization comes from the multidisciplinary nature of projects and the previous knowledge and technology of actors. The analysis draws on the understanding of how consortia perform as an innovation network, what their outcomes are and what capabilities are needed to reap value.Design/methodology/approachAll the research projects including serious games and/or gamification, funded by the EU-Horizon 2020 work programme, have been analyzed to test the hypotheses in this paper. The study sample covers the period between 2014 and 2016 (June), selecting the 87 research projects that comprised 519 organizations as coordinators and participants, and 597 observations – because more organizations participate in more than one project. The data were complemented by documentary and external database analysis.FindingsTo create cross-fertilization of knowledge and technologies, the following emphasis should be placed on projects: partners concern various disciplines; partners have an extensive knowledge base for generating novel combinations and added-value technologies; there is a diverse typology of partners with unique knowledge and skills; and there is a limited number of organizations not too closely connected to provide cross-fertilization.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the database sample covers a period of 30 months. The authors’ attention was focused on this period because H2020 prioritized for the first time the serious games and gamification with two specific calls (ICT-21–14 and ICT-24–16) and, second, for the explosion of projects including these technologies in the past years (Adkins, 2017). These facts can be understood as a way to push the research to higher technology readiness levels (TRLs) and introducing the end-user in the co-creation and co-development along the value chain. Second, an additional limitation makes reference to the European focus of the projects, missing strong regional initiatives not identified and studied.Originality/valueThis paper has attempted to explore and define theoretically and empirically the characteristics found in the cross-fertilization of collaborative research projects, emphasizing which variables, and how, need to be stimulated to benefit more multidisciplinary consortia and accelerate the process of innovation.

Design and fabrication of a reusable kit of parts for diverse structures

Reusing structural components for multiple service cycles has potential to lower building structures environmental impact because it reduces material resource use, energy consumption, and waste production. One strategy to reuse structural components is to design structures that can be assembled, taken apart, and reassembled in new configurations. This paper presents a new computational workflow to design a bespoke kit of parts that can be employed to build structures of diverse typologies and that are not restricted to repetitive modular arrangements. Key to this method is the optimization of structural members and joints (i.e. the kit of parts) that fit multiple geometries and different structural requirements. The proposed method includes form finding and digital fabrication and it applies to the design of trusses, gridshells, and space frames. This method has been successfully applied to build three pavilion-scale prototypes from only half the number of parts compared to one-off construction.

The Emancipation of Feminine Roles in Puccini’s Creation

The heroines represented in the operas of Giacomo Puccini often show diverse typologies of women, built during the 19th and the 20th centuries. The researches regarding the Puccini’s operas generally focus on a single category of feminine characters, the so-called ‘heroines of Puccini’. Starting from this finding, we wish to provide a different approach – a more original one, to include a comparative analysis of the heroine of Puccini typologies. The method proposed in this article is based on the analysis of the Puccini feminine characters in three distinct categories (the sentimental heroine, the fatal heroine, and the modern heroine) in a dynamic way. Some feminine characters are noted as evolving even within the same opera, reaching emancipation or a transformation until the end of the opera; consequently, they can be placed into two or three categories that define them.

Influence of Speed-strength Training on the Concentration Indicators of Schoolchildren Aged 13-14 Years with Different Typology

The present article aimed to investigate the effect of speed-strength classes on the concentration indicators of thirteen- to fourteen-year-old students with diverse typologies. The study period was three months. All physical education classes were held for 40 minutes and twice a week. Students from the control class (20 children) studied based on the common program, and students from the special group (20 children) further carried out a set of speed and strength exercises. All students performe

The Use of Mixed-Income Housing Development to Address Poverty and Inequality, Based on Delphi Empirical Approach: A Case of South Africa

Since the dawn of democracy in 1994, the Republic of South Africa (RSA) has been trying to address the aftermath and consequences of the apartheid regime. This comprises of the socio-economic, spatial, and political challenges that have persisted over the decades. These have had far reaching repercussions in the society to the extent that 25 years later after apartheid, the country finds itself with alarming rates of poverty, social exclusion, unemployment, and inequality. Literature has revealed that there is a direct relationship between poverty and inequality as well as access to socio-economic services / opportunities. Poor access to these services perpetuates exclusivity and thus inequality and marginalisation in all form and character. The purpose of this study is to investigate how housing developments have been used in South Africa to address poverty and inequality. The aim is to understand how to plan for better and more socially and economically thriving communities through housing development, focusing specifically on aspects of development that contributes to addressing poverty and inequality.
 Using a Delphi three round method of Inquiry of 20 experts, perceptions from a diverse panel of experts about mixed-income housing development were uncovered. In comparison to previous housing models, the study uncovered a significant paradigm shift in housing development and what a housing intervention should achieve. Since 2004 after the introduction of the Breaking New Ground Policy (BNG), the housing development approaches, and interventions have shifted away from just providing roof over once head to providing social asset to the poor and a whole range economic opportunities. The conclusion is that housing development by virtue of location, diverse housing typologies and tenure options is now part and parcel of integrated planning and the pro poor development agenda.

Nine Major Earthquakes in the United States of the Ionian Islands, 1815–1864

Abstract Nine major earthquakes that affected the islands of Corfu, Paxoi, Lefkada, Kephalonia, Ithaca, and Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea offshore western Greece at the time of British Protectorate of the United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864) have been reappraised by means of a systematic investigation of contemporary, locally produced documents of diverse typologies. With an in-depth study of the earthquakes attested by multiple observations, this article complements and concludes the research focused on 50 yr of seismic records that was introduced by my recent companion article on the solitary records of earthquake effects throughout the Ionian Islands. Although some earthquakes discussed in this article had already been studied and interpreted in modern times, the exclusive use of carefully contextualized and independent records of earthquake effects allowed the author to overcome the imprecisions of preceding interpretations. Because of the exhaustive documentation, this study proposes a different vision of the characteristics of these nine major earthquakes from their dates of occurrence to newly assigned sets of intensity data.

Children, digital screens and family: parental mediation practices and gender

The objective of this article is to explore the gendered characteristics of digital parenting
 and parental mediation through a qualitative study developed with families and children in Argentina.
 Diverse typologies have recently been elaborated to better understand parental mediation
 of digital screens. Quantitative studies have correlated different styles of parental mediation
 with sociodemographic variables and have also assessed their effectiveness in preventing several
 online risks. In this paper we use qualitative data from a research developed using the technique
 of technobiographies to construct an in-depth approach to children’s practices and representations
 with multiple voices involved (parents, teachers, school authorities). As we show, different
 types of parental mediation are associated to mothers or fathers, following more broader gender
 ideologies and stereotypes. With insights from different families, we built research questions that
 state that there is a gendered division of digital parenting.

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH OF ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY LITERACY IN INDONESIA

The development of journal literacy with the theme of Islamic Psychology used a lot of typologies in the madhab of psychology, including Islamic Psychoanalysis, Islamic Psycho-behavioristic, Islamic Psychohumanistic, Islamic Psychocognitive, and Islamic Psychotranspersonal. This study aims to analyze the types of madhab integration in constructing journal literacy in the areas of Islamic psychology in Indonesia. Thus, the tendency could be known and be a guideline in the development of Islamic psychology later on. As library research that used content analysis techniques, this study found that although the journal writers had diverse typologies in the development of the Islamic Psychology madhab, the study showed that the Transpersonal madhab dominated the pattern of developing Islamic psychology in the journaling system in Indonesia.This tendency is due to the process of Islamic integration, the easiest psychology, and the lowest resistance level is integrating Psychotranspersonal with Islamic sciences. Psychotranspersonal themes are more easily developed through literary research and/or qualitative research, while other madhabs claim more to quantitative research.

Multitemporal 2016-2018 Sentinel-2 Data Enhancement for Landscape Archaeology: The Case Study of the Foggia Province, Southern Italy

This paper is focused on the use of satellite Sentinel-2 data for assessing their capability in the identification of archaeological buried remains. We selected the “Tavoliere delle Puglie” (Foggia, Italy) as a test area because it is characterized by a long human frequentation and is very rich in archaeological remains. The investigations were performed using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data and spectral indices, commonly used in satellite-based archaeology, and herein analyzed in known archaeological areas to capture the spectral signatures of soil and crop marks and characterize their temporal behavior using Time Series Analysis and Spectral Un-mixing. Tasseled Cap Transformation and Principal Component Analysis have been also adopted to enhance archaeological features. Results from investigations were compared with independent data sources and enabled us to (i) characterize the spectral signatures of soil and crop marks, (ii) assess the performance of the diverse spectral channels and indices, and (iii) identify the best period of the year to capture the archaeological proxy indicators. Additional very important results of our investigations were (i) the discovery of unknown archaeological areas and (ii) the setup of a database of archaeological features devised ad hoc to characterize and categorize the diverse typologies of archaeological remains detected using Sentinel-2 Data.

Urban agriculture, food security, and development policies in Jakarta: A case study of farming communities at Kalideres – Cengkareng district, West Jakarta

Currently, while urban agriculture occupies approximately 21% of total green space area in Jakarta, its potential contribution towards the city’s food security has not been acknowledged or realised by the government. This is evident from several issues raised within the local context, most notably government policies that lead to insecure land title and tenure for many farmers. The current approach to urban agriculture land use policy puts diverse production strategies all under the broad umbrella of urban agriculture, which ranges from community gardens, urban farms, edible school gardens; this singular one-size-fits-all policy is problematic. Thus, we argue that in order for the government to generate policies which support the continuity of diverse urban agriculture practices, there is a need to systematically understand different typologies of urban agriculture across form and function. This paper used a case study of typical undefined urban agriculture fields in Jakarta as the starting point to begin to systematically define diverse typologies of local urban agriculture. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and geographic information system (GIS) mapping. The results provide an in-depth characterization of one typology of urban agriculture in Jakarta, summarised as medium to highly commercialised domestically run small and medium scale farms, located primarily on private land, producing vegetables and livestock for local markets within the city. The farmers were a mix of locals and migrants of informal tenure status, who were highly dependent on their farms for income generation and household food security. We conclude with suggested strategies for policy improvement to accommodate diverse urban agriculture typologies. The case of Jakarta provides a proof of concept, and serves as a reference for other metropolitan areas in developing countries to develop policies to accommodate urban agriculture practices across a broad spectrum of typologies, particularly as a strategy for meeting urban food security goals.

Fight Against Crime - Criminological Perspective

The fight against crime aims to prevent the impact on social values. This preventive approach must be based on the principle of legality and should be carried out on the basis of pre-established procedures. At present, criminality has a diverse typology that implies not only a permanent adaptation and diversification of procedures, but also a rigorous definition that must reflect as accurately as possible the hypothesis, disposition and sanction for each type of crime. From a criminological perspective, a series of concepts such as high crime, organized crime, terrorism, drug trafficking, or trafficking in human beings can easily highlight defective definitions. However, there are a number of concepts and philosophies surrounding these types of crime. We propose a review of how crime is defined in order to assess to what extent the identified operational definitions can or must imperatively be improved.

Validation of the nurse leadership and organizational culture (N-LOC) questionnaire

BackgroundLeadership style and organizational culture have often been studied independently in nursing research despite abundant evidence that the two factors both influence employee outcomes. Moreover, diverse theoretical typology and measuring instruments challenges generalizability of findings. Employees from different cultural, geographical, occupational settings were also reported to have varying interpretation on organizational culture and leadership style underlying constructs. This study aims to validate the Nursing Leadership and Organizational Culture (N-LOC) questionnaire, based on the two commonly used theoretical frameworks: Multifactor Leadership Theory and Competing Values Framework, on its applicability in an Asian hospital setting.MethodsAll full-time nurses from two distinctive Asian hospitals (H1: n = 295 and H2: n = 1146) were invited to participate in this questionnaire study. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out when confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) fit indices were not satisfactory after model refinement to explore the actual underlying construct in sampled population. Part-time and outsourced nurses were excluded. 93 nurses from H1 were randomly selected for test-retest reliability 4 weeks post initial survey. Scale internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed.ResultsCFA results indicated that the proposed CVF organizational culture 4-factor structure was applicable to our sample but not the MLQ leadership 3-factor/9-factor structure. EFA revealed a 2-factor leadership style construct for our sample, named Confucius transformational and Laissez-Faire passive leadership. Transformational leadership traits already embedded in Confucius cultural values (self-sacrifice, stresses collective mission, instills pride) did not apply, the new Confucius transformational construct which resembles LMX theory paternalistic leadership style is deemed more suitable in an Asian context. A final 14-item 2-factor leadership and 13-item 4-factor organizational culture construct was yielded with satisfactory fit indices (CFI, TLI > 0.95, RMSEA < 0.08), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7), test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.4) and convergent and discriminant validity.ConclusionA reliable N-LOC organizational culture and leadership questionnaire (N-LOC) has been validated in an Asian nurse context. Study results demonstrated the importance of scale validation in cross-cultural adaptation, as underlying scale constructs may change with specific cultural and contextual factors. Future studies are encouraged to test the adaptation of this scale in other cultural and occupational settings.

Crony capitalism in the Palestinian Authority: a deal among friends

This article interrogates the multifaceted political–economic networks entrenched within the multiple structures of the West Bank-based Palestinian Authority (PA). The main argument of this article is that crony capitalism is a defining feature of the PA’s relations with a handful of capitalists and business groups. The demonstration of this argument is exhibited through the large-scale public and private monopolistic practices in strategic sectors of the Palestinian economy, which function within the framework of Israel’s settler-colonial reality and the persistent patterns of international aid to the occupied West Bank. While acknowledging the existence of cronyism as a feature of the capitalist system in its diverse typologies, crony capitalism may be more pronounced in situations characterised by political uncertainty, whereby political–business collusion strategizes the expansion of neo-patrimonial networks and rent-seeking opportunities as a meta-mechanism for social control and political stabilisation. In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, crony capitalism was developed as part of the political allegiances and economic alliances that underpin the structures created by the Oslo process, which are fostered by Israeli policies and the international donor community to maintain the cohesiveness of the PA regime.

Mission Command &amp; Manoeuvrist Approach – Basic Principles of Nato Urban Operations

Abstract Analyzing the recent confrontations, as those from Syria, Ukraine, Iraq, and so on, we have found that most of the military operations, at least the decisive ones, have taken place predominantly in urban environments whose fundamental characteristics are given, especially by the density of buildings and population. Carrying out operations in such environments, particularly offensive, requires the military forces to deal with the most complex and difficult situations, because in addition to engaging a very diverse typology of adversaries, it is also necessary to apply control measures in order to limit the losses and collateral damage among own forces and local populations. As a result, this context has imposed an operational adaptation of military forces, whose principles consist in manoeuvrist approach and mission command, which, correlated and applied coherently, finally led to the desired end states.

University Spin-Off: A Literature Review for Their Application in Colombia

This article gathers some of the most important theoretical and conceptual references, systematized from the review and consultation of specialized literature on university Spin Off, through a documentary type methodological qualitative process with a tendency to observe closely, afterwards, the capacity that has the University of Cauca, a public Colombian higher education institution, regarding the organization of knowledge to transfer the results generated by its research groups towards the environment, in alliance with entrepreneurs and other groups of interest, where the following analytical categories among others, are highlighted: The evaluation of the diverse typologies presented by well-known experts based on their heterogeneity. The analysis of different organizational models related to this type of entrepreneurships. The factors of success and the failure of some universities Spin Offs. The stages that might have to be exhausted for the successful implementation of this kind of organizations and the basic aspects to be considered in the relationship between University-Firm-State. As closure, it is suggested that for all legal purposes, a university Spin-Off in Colombia is "a company based on knowledge, especially the one protected by rights of Intellectual Property, created in the area of the Higher Education Institution (HEI), as a result of research and development activities conducted under their support, in their laboratories and facilities or by researchers who are linked to them, among others" (Law 1838, Act of 2017).

From tale to reality: Geographical differences in children's flood‐risk perception

Few studies have approached children's behaviour during flood disasters, and none of them were in Italy. In this study we performed an analysis of flood‐risk perception in children aged between six and 14 years in three Italian regions characterised by diverse typologies of flood phenomena. To perform such an analysis, we collected data using a fictional story which, through identification with the protagonist, allowed for reliable and spontaneous answers from the young respondents. The studied communities were the pilot areas of the European research project LIFE PRIMES, “Preventing flooding RIsks by Making resilient communitiES.” The findings highlighted various expressed behaviours, with some differences between areas. The most unsafe expressed behaviour was “running outside.” Such a reaction becomes proportionally less important from younger to older respondents. The safest expressed behaviour was “reaching a high place,” which appears later in children and becomes more important from younger to older respondents. Not all communities demonstrated a good correlation between those two behaviours and age groups. The analysis suggests the need to implement educational and training activities specifically focused on children's needs during flood emergencies and that take into account the different geographical conditions in which children live.

Compartimentul de Arte Vizuale al Muzeului Național al Banatului și îmbogățirea patrimoniului în anul 2018 / The Visual Arts Department within the National Museum of Banat and the Heritage Enrichment during the year 2018

By publishing this article, we aim to illustrate the strategy of acquiring cultural assets and attracting gifts of such art objects in order to enrich the heritage of the Visual Arts Department established in December 2017 within the National Museum of Banat. During the year 2018, a large number objects, more exactly 4,506 items, were registered in the inventories of the Visual Arts Department, out of which 4,338 objects received as gifts, of extremely diverse typologies: paintings, sculptures, graphic works, ceramic, glass and metal objects, furniture, textiles and clothing accessories from different periods, and the archive of Virgil Birou (1903–1968), writer and art collector. In addition, with the financial support of the Timiş County Council, there were purchased 168 art objects.

Criminal Aspects of Drug Trafficking

A very specific aspect of drug trafficking, but which circumscribes most of the serious forms of crime, is not to provide a doctrinal and legislative definition of an operational definition. A quantitative analysis followed by another qualitative one may at best reflect criminological aspects related to the visible side of this type of crime. This study aims to analyze aspects such as routes, links and connections of drug trafficking with terrorism in the context of globalization and taking into account the diverse typology of this type of crime. Routes provide clues about the drug route from the producer to the consumer as well as the changes generated by the intensification of UN controls. The networks reflect the diverse typology of this type of crime, which has direct implications in identifying the criminological factors that potentiate trafficking. Connections between drug trafficking and terrorism have been established in the Middle East and Colombia, these being significant criminogenic areas where it is possible to identify the direct involvement of terrorist groups in drug trafficking. Addressing one of the most profitable forms of crime, such as drug trafficking, is always a challenge.