Diverse Stakeholders Research Articles

The desire path: unleashing expectations, discussing apprehensions, and proposing a way forward for GAI use in higher education

Purpose The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the desire path of using GAI in higher education, including expectations, apprehensions, and the way forward. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study employs thematic analysis, scrutinizing 11 interviews with innovative higher education faculty. The methodology section details the utilization of GAI (Chat GPT) for conducting thematic analysis on interviews, showcasing academics' practical application of this technology for research purposes. Findings Stakeholders expect continuous improvement in technology, overdependence, advocate for gradual adjustment, and emphasize context-dependent technology utilization. Concerns encompass issues such as data reliability, ethical considerations, risks of undermining fundamental aspects, limitations in fully replacing human involvement, and worries about personal responsibility. Practical implications Recommendations include flexible regulations, data-driven decision-making, professional development, diverse stakeholder engagement, and promoting distributed responsibility. Originality/value This study offers valuable insights into the use of GAI in higher education, formulating policies that encourage innovation without hampering effectiveness.

Enterprise Architecture As An Enabler Of Digital Transformation In The Government Sector: Success Factors And Maturity Evaluation Methodology

Enterprise Architecture (EA) plays an important role as an enabler of digital transformation with strategic objectives, especially in digital government initiatives. Despite its potential, EA implementation in the public sector faces challenges such as complex organizational structures, diverse stakeholder interests, and regulatory constraints. This study aims to systematically review the literature to identify critical success factors that influence the success of EA implementation in government and propose a comprehensive maturity evaluation methodology. Using a systematic literature review of 48 studies published between 2018 and 2024, this research identifies key factors such as strategic alignment, governance, human resource capabilities, and stakeholder engagement as critical to achieving effective EA implementation. It also introduces an EA maturity evaluation model designed for the public sector to assess and improve EA practices. The citizen-centric aspect is the novelty of this research where the factors in this aspect characterize the implementation of EA in the digital government sector. The findings provide insights and academic contributions in expanding the study of EA in the public sector as well as providing practical guidance for government agencies to improve their EA maturity so that accelerated digital transformation can be achieved

An Exercise-Based Precision Medicine Tool and Smartphone App for Managing Achilles Tendinopathy (the 'PhysViz' System): User-Centered Development Study.

People with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) experience persistent pain that can limit engagement with daily occupations and negatively impact mental health. Current therapeutic exercise approaches vary in success, with many people experiencing reinjury, leading to a cycle of chronic tendinopathy often lasting years. High-magnitude precision loading may help people exit this feedback cycle, but applying these principles clinically is challenging. This user-centered design case study aims to provide an overview on how the PhysViz (a prototype for a novel remote rehabilitation intervention for AT management) was developed and evaluated following the development phase of the Framework for Accelerated and Systematic Technology-Based Intervention Development and Evaluation Research (FASTER). The development process engaged a multidisciplinary team comprising people with AT experiences, clinicians, and engineers. It followed the 5 stages within the FASTER development phase: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. The PhysViz development and evaluation were informed by needs assessments, surveys, literature reviews, validation studies, case studies, roundtable discussions, and usability testing (some of which have been published previously). The FASTER systematically guided the integration of evidence-based features and behavior change theory. By using the FASTER and ensuring that the PhysViz system was underpinned by diverse stakeholder needs, this work resulted in the development of a working prototype for both the PhysViz physical exercise tool and the accompanying PhysViz software package (mobile app and web application). A variety of study designs informed user-desired features that were integrated into the PhysViz prototype, including real-time biofeedback in the form of precision load monitoring, customizable exercise programs, and pain tracking. In addition, clinicians can visualize client data longitudinally and make changes to client exercise prescriptions remotely based on objective data. The identified areas for improvement, such as upgrading the user interface and user experience and expanding clinical applications, provide valuable insights for future PhysViz iterations. Further research is warranted to assess the long-term efficacy and feasibility of the PhysViz in diverse clinical settings and its potential to improve AT symptoms. Being one of the first technology development initiatives guided by the FASTER, this study exemplifies a systematic and multidisciplinary approach to creating a remote rehabilitation intervention. By incorporating stakeholder feedback and evidence-based features, the PhysViz addresses key challenges in AT rehabilitation, offering a novel solution for precision loading and therapeutic exercise engagement. Positive feedback from users and clinicians underscores the potential impact of the PhysViz in improving AT management outcomes. The PhysViz serves as a model for technology-based intervention development, with potential implications for other tendinopathies and remote rehabilitation strategies.

Navigating Resistance to Technological Change in Organizations: A Holistic Approach

Organizational change driven by technological advancements presents both opportunities and challenges for modern enterprises. A key obstacle is a resistance to adopting new technologies, which can manifest through scepticism, fear of job displacement, perceived loss of control, and concerns about competence. This resistance poses significant barriers to the successful implementation and integration of technological innovations, leading to delays, inefficiencies, and missed opportunities for organisational growth and competitiveness. This research proposes a holistic approach to address the complex challenge of resistance to technological change. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as the Adaptive Cycle of Resilience (ACoR) model, Maslow's Motivation Theory, and Keidel's organisational model, as well as practical strategies, the study examines the interplay between individuals, different management, organisational and societal needs in the context of technological transformation. The research explores the dynamic and uncertain nature of technological change, identifying the specific stages within the ACoR model where resistance is most likely to occur and the implications for effective management. It also investigates the role of various management styles in addressing resistance and uncovering the skills and knowledge individuals and teams require to navigate this challenge successfully. Furthermore, the paper delves into the diverse stakeholders involved in the technological change process, analysing their needs and concerns and offering strategies to balance these competing interests. The importance of information systems in facilitating organizational change and their influence on the change process and outcomes is also examined. By synthesising these insights, the study presents a comprehensive framework for organisations to foster innovation, inclusivity, and social responsibility in the face of resistance to technological change. The findings offer valuable guidance for practitioners and scholars seeking to enable successful technological transformations and promote positive outcomes for all stakeholders.

Developing a Statewide Strategic Plan for Prevention, Early Identification, and Treatment of Psychosis.

Access to evidence-based programs that address early psychosis is a substantial public health concern. The authors describe the community-engaged, data-driven process that informed the development of the Massachusetts Strategic Plan for Early Psychosis, an effort to identify actionable priorities to build a system of prevention and care that responds to the needs of individuals who experience psychosis and their caregivers. A multiphase, mixed-methods approach was used to gather knowledge from young adults experiencing early psychosis and their caregivers, including two symposia with diverse stakeholders. Six overarching goals were identified, each with possible action steps and stigma reduction strategies: connecting and supporting individuals who experience psychosis and their families, promoting early identification of and intervention for psychosis through community education, providing specialized support to key community members, providing specialized support to medical and behavioral health care professionals, supporting specialized treatment teams in the delivery of evidence-based care, and developing a statewide system of psychosis services. Next steps for and operationalization of the statewide strategic plan for psychosis in Massachusetts will require a population health approach that engages the community through intersectoral and multisectoral strategies.

Multi-Objective Optimization Design of Traditional Soil Dwelling Renovation Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process—Quality Function Deployment—Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II: Case Study in Tuyugou Village in Turpan, Xinjiang

As the socio-economic landscape expands and tourism flourishes, the traditional earthen dwellings of Tuyugou Village, Turpan, Xinjiang, face significant challenges, including low energy efficiency and suboptimal living comfort, necessitating data-driven and scientifically robust renovation strategies. Existing renovation methods, however, often lack empirical support and rely heavily on the subjective judgments of architects, thus hindering the effective preservation and transmission of cultural heritage. This research addresses the renovation of these traditional dwellings by employing the AHP method to systematically evaluate user requirements, with input from diverse stakeholders, including homeowners, tourists, experts, and government authorities. The study then applies the QFD method to construct the House of Quality, translating user needs into specific design attributes; this is followed by a comprehensive quantitative analysis for optimization. A novel multi-objective optimization model (MOP) is introduced, with materials as the central focus, addressing key aspects of engineering, culture, and energy conservation. The NSGA-II algorithm is utilized to generate optimal Pareto solutions, which are then further refined using the entropy-weighted VIKOR method. Among the ten pre-selected renovation solutions, the sixth design plan was identified as the optimal choice, excelling in cost control, cultural integration, and energy performance. Specifically, it achieved a unit construction cost of RMB 340.566/m2, a cultural adaptability score of 1.5364, and an energy cost of RMB 352.793/kWh, thereby demonstrating an effective balance between traditional architectural elements and modern requirements. The objective decision making enabled by the VIKOR method successfully balances cultural preservation with contemporary needs, enhancing both living standards and tourism appeal. This study offers innovative and empirically grounded renovation strategies for traditional dwellings in arid and semi-arid climates, providing a framework that effectively balances cultural preservation and modernization.

CMS's Drug Price Negotiation Program 2023 Patient-Focused Listening Sessions: A Descriptive Analysis of Speaker Remarks.

The US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) held patient-focused listening sessions in Fall 2023 for each of the first ten drugs selected for the Inflation Reduction Act's (IRA) Drug Price Negotiation Program (DPNP). This study aimed to quantitatively describe speaker input at the sessions, including the absolute and relative time allocated to key areas of interest for the DPNP. In this descriptive analysis of speaker remarks from ten CMS-hosted patient-focused listening sessions, speaker demographics were examined using video streams, time-stamped transcripts, public data, contextual clues, validated tools, and visual assessment when necessary. Audio recordings were transcribed using a speech-to-text application programming interface, followed by human review for accuracy. Transcripts included speaker identification and sentence-level timestamping. Two researchers coded each sentence into predefined categories on the basis of CMS's optional discussion topics, DPNP goals, and potential unintended consequences of the IRA: speaker background, evidence about selected drugs or therapeutic alternatives, drug prices, patient access/benefit design, therapeutic advancements, and other. The total and proportion of time spent by category were calculated per speaker. Out of an anticipated 200 speaker slots, 106 total speakers (median per session: 10; range 5-17) and 70 unique speakers participated, most of whom were patients (n = 38, 54.2%), female (n = 40, 57.1%), and below Medicare age (n = 40, 57.1%). The most popular categories discussed included evidence about the selected drug or therapeutic alternatives (median per slot: 36.5% of time; range 0-93.0%) and patient access/benefit design (median per slot: 12.1%; range 0-75.5%). CMS received a median of 12.3 total minutes of evidence about selected drugs or therapeutic alternatives per listening session across all speakers (range per session 3.9-22.6 minutes). The first listening sessions provided an important, but limited, first step toward patient engagement with the DPNP. Speaker demographics suggest the sessions fell short of capturing the voices of diverse and Medicare-representative patient populations. While speakers often focused their time on patient experience and evidence, CMS received less than 15 minutes of patient-focused evidence about therapeutic alternatives for more than half of the drug listening sessions. CMS has indicated its intent to improve upon the design of the patient-focused listening sessions for drugs selected in the second round of the DPNP. Future iterations should prioritize robust, two-way dialogue, transparency surrounding the impact of patient input on CMS's price determination process, and improvements to event logistics and outreach that facilitate the participation of diverse patients and stakeholders.

Interprofessional collaboration between hospital-based palliative care teams and general healthcare workers: A realist review protocol.

Palliative care, vital for patients with advanced, life-limiting or life-threatening illnesses, faces an increasing global demand due to aging populations and rising non-communicable diseases. Specialized palliative care teams (PCTs) within hospitals significantly impact patient outcomes, which requires effective interprofessional collaboration with general healthcare workers. Therefore, We will conduct a realist review to explore the contextual factors, mechanisms and outcomes related to the interprofessional collaboration between PCTs and general healthcare workers. Grounded in the third generation Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, this review will follow 5-step iterative process. First, a preliminary literature search will define the review scope. Second, based on the preliminary searches an initial program theory will be developed. Third, systematic searches across PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Scopus will be caried out. Fourth, data extraction of included studies will be conducted. Simultaneously, relevance and rigour of individual studies will be evaluated. Lastly, data analysis and synthesis will be conducted in which identified individual Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations will be combined in chains of inference through which hypotheses can be formulated. In summary, this realist review will refine an initially developed program theory, producing a framework elucidating how interprofessional collaboration works between PCTs and general healthcare workers. This review aims to provide crucial insights into interprofessional collaboration between PCTs and general healthcare workers, informing optimized palliative care delivery in acute care hospitals for diverse stakeholders.

Insights from co-designing an interdisciplinary programmatic approach for assessment transformations at a research-intensive university in Australia

This paper conceptualises an interdisciplinary co-design approach for piloting and iteratively implementing programmatic assessment transformations at the University of New South Wales (UNSW). Using systems thinking and co-design principles, we engaged diverse stakeholders across various disciplines to address collective challenges such as overassessment and inadequate feedback. Literature reviews and consultations suggest that programmatic assessment can improve assessment processes and enhance student engagement. The project so far provides insights for higher educational institutions on the importance of collaborative design and continuous feedback, demonstrating the potential of programmatic assessment to align with curricular goals and enhance student learning outcomes.

Responsive service design and workforce strengthening: Recommendations to improve aged care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

This study aimed to develop innovative and practical strategies and recommendations for aged care policy and practice that support the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. A research symposium was held in June 2023 on Kaurna Country at the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. The symposium brought together 70 attendees including aged care consumers, Federal and State Government representatives, advocacy services, health, aged care and social service providers, and health and aged care researchers. Two roundtable sessions titled 'Responsive Service Design' and 'Workforce Strengthening' were conducted following a World Café approach. Data were analysed thematically. This paper proposes recommendations relating to innovation and improvement within aged care policy and practice. Recommendations for responsive service design and workforce strengthening include the following: (1) promote genuine engagement and involvement, (2) establish partnerships between sectors, (3) ensure compliance, (4) innovative communication and feedback pathways, (5) holistic approaches to well-being, (6) prioritise cultural safety and (7) flexible recruitment and retention strategies. Working together and building partnerships between diverse stakeholders including community members, workforce, service providers and policymakers is required for sustainable and meaningful innovation within the aged care sector. Our recommendations, driven by community needs, provide an opportunity to ensure the innovation and implementation of ongoing aged care reforms meet the needs and expectations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

The centrality of nursing in realizing high quality palliative care: Exploring Canada’s framework on palliative care priorities

BackgroundFollowing an earlier mixed-method survey in which we asked stakeholders to report on their perceptions of the progress made in relation to Canada’s Framework on Palliative Care and Action Plan, the purpose of this study was to conduct an in-depth qualitative exploration of the factors influencing that progress, or lack thereof.MethodsThis was a qualitative interview study conducted in Canada. Inclusion criteria included experience with palliative care in Canada in a professional or volunteer capacity. Interviews were conducted by telephone using an interview guide that asked specific questions in relation to the Framework on palliative care priorities (e.g., education, caregiver support, and equitable access). Data was analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods.ResultsThirty-five diverse stakeholders with extensive experience in palliative care were interviewed. In relation to palliative education, participants indicated that although there were excellent palliative care resources available across the country there was further need for embedding palliative care in undergraduate education and for mentored opportunities to engage in care across diverse contexts. The identification, development, and strategic positioning of champions was an important strategy for improving palliative care knowledge and capacity. The development of standard competencies was viewed as an important step forward; although, there was a need to include more members of the care-team and to create pathways for life-long learning. In relation to support for family caregivers, even as participants cited numerous community-based resources offered by not-for-profit organizations, they described significant barriers including a shortage of in-home support, lack of understanding of what caregivers do, and policy-based contractual and privacy issues. In relation to palliative care access, participants described a nurse-centered, consult-based, multi-site and multi-provider model of care that was facilitated by technology. Barriers to this model were systemic healthcare issues of siloed, fragmented, and for-profit care.ConclusionParticipants in this study had clear insights into the factors that would support or impede progress to the development of palliative care in Canada. Some of those factors were achievable within current health and educational systems. Other factors were going to require longer term and more comprehensive solutions.

Sustainable supply chain management operations: does sustainable environmental disclosure matter for banks’ financial performance in Nigeria?

In recent years, banks have incorporated sustainable development strategies to achieve competitiveness in the financial market. However, the primary concern for banks is the financial pressure to implement sustainable environmental practices. In addition, banks are obliged by different regulators to maintain standards in conducting their business and allocating funds. Previous studies examined the relationship between sustainability reporting, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and firms’ financial performance. Few empirical studies examined the impact of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) operations on firm financial outcomes, yet the banking sector has been ignored in the analyses. To bridge this gap, we examine the dynamic effect of SSCM operations on deposit money banks’ (DMBs) financial performance. We selected seven banks in Nigeria with national, regional and international authorization and data spanning from 2005 to 2023. Based on the panel co-integration test and the Cross-sectional Dependence Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (CS-ARDL) model, we found that SSCM operations have a significant influence on the financial performance (market value and profitability) of the banks. Impliedly, banks’ SSCM operations and environmental consideration in the allocation of funds drive their corporate image and value. Integration of SSCM strategies for a sustainable environment can help enterprises/companies bridge information asymmetry among diverse stakeholders. We offer some policy suggestions in line with the empirical findings.

Assessing Buffer Gradient Synergies: Comparing Objective and Subjective Evaluations of Urban Park Ecosystem Services in Century Park, Shanghai

Urban parks provide essential ecosystem services (ESs) that enhance human wellbeing. However, discrepancies often arise between objective assessments of these services and stakeholders’ subjective perceptions. This study addresses a research gap concerning the synergies and tradeoffs between objective evaluations and subjective perceptions of key ecosystem services across various spatial scales. We investigated six key ecosystem services in Century Park, Shanghai, across seven buffer radii (8–100 m). Objective data were obtained from park view images (PVIs) and spatial analysis, while subjective perceptions were gathered through a scoring survey of 33 stakeholders. The key finding is that a buffer radius of 35 m offers optimal synergy between objective and subjective assessments for most ESs, particularly in pollution mediation, temperature regulation, and cultural services. Professionals showed stronger alignment in regulatory services like pollution mediation and temperature regulation, while residents exhibited higher synergy in net primary production (NPP) beyond a 75 m radius. Notably, cultural services displayed nuanced differences, with professionals preferring simpler landscapes and residents demonstrating varied aesthetic preferences. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating objective data and human perceptions in urban green space planning and governance. By incorporating diverse stakeholders and identifying optimal buffer zones, planners and designers can effectively balance ESs with human experiences. This approach ultimately fosters more sustainable and wellbeing-centered urban environments.

Corporate social performance through instrumental stakeholder theory: a sector-specific perspective

PurposeThis study uses instrumental stakeholder theory to explore the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and financial performance in various market sectors. It aims to show how CSP, driven by stakeholder demands in different markets, affects financial outcomes.Design/methodology/approachUsing panel data analysis on data from 2007 to 2020, this research examines how stakeholder demand impacts a firm's ability to turn social performance into financial gains. The study ensures reliable results by addressing methodological and endogeneity issues related to CSP.FindingsThe results show that a firm's success in converting social performance into financial benefits depends on stakeholder demands in different markets. While better CSP generally leads to improved financial performance, the extent of this benefit varies based on stakeholder expectations. This highlights the importance of managers strategically addressing stakeholder demands to maximize financial returns from social initiatives.Originality/valueBy examining the CSP–financial performance link through the lens of market and stakeholder demands, this research provides new insights into how firms can strategically gain stakeholder support for financial benefits. It shows the long-term value of CSP as an investment that gains stakeholder support over time. This approach broadens the understanding of CSP by considering diverse stakeholder influences across industries, filling a gap in long-term CSP research.

Collaborative Governance Networks Supporting Sustainable Ecotourism: A Case Study of Gili Iyang Island, Indonesia

The development of sustainable ecotourism on Gili Iyang Island, known for its high oxygen levels and unique local culture, requires collaboration among diverse stakeholders through effective governance networks. This study investigates the roles and contributions of key stakeholders—including the Sumenep District Tourism, Culture, Youth, and Sports Office (Dinas Pariwisata, Kebudayaan, Pemuda, dan Olahraga Kabupaten Sumenep or Disparbudpora), the Andang Taruna Tourism Awareness Group (Kelompok Sadar Wisata Andang Taruna or Pokdarwis), village governments, and local communities—in developing ecotourism on Gili Iyang Island, Indonesia. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings show that governance networks are crucial in enhancing community empowerment, building local capacity, and improving infrastructure to support ecotourism. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including limited resources, conflicts between villages, and minimal private-sector engagement. Strengthening Pokdarwis’ managerial capacity, fostering inter-community synergies, and attracting private sector involvement are identified as essential strategies to ensure sustainable ecotourism. This research contributes to the broader literature on collaborative governance in remote island ecotourism, offering practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to create resilient, community-driven tourism initiatives that can be adapted to similar island settings.

On the Ranchería with Keebet von Benda-Beckmann: legal pluralism, the Wiwa People, el Cercado, and socio-spatial relations in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta

In 2006, the Colombian Institute for Rural Development (INCODER) initiated construction of the El Cercado dam on the Ranchería River, neglecting proper consultation with Indigenous Peoples along the river who mobilized to protect their livelihoods, cultural practices, self-determination, and the sacred lands within the government-recognized “Black Line.” Recently, Law 2415 granted the Ranchería River status as a subject of rights, establishing a Commission of Guardians comprising government and local representatives, signaling a shift toward cooperative stewardship among the region’s diverse communities and stakeholders. This paper offers a novel reading focused on the Wiwa People, as existing literature primarily addresses the Wayúu People’s experiences. Furthermore, most studies frame the normative context surrounding the Ranchería through a “weak” pluralist perspective of the Colombian legal system, often neglecting analytical complexities beyond a state-centered approach. To counter these limitations, we utilize the conceptual framework of Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, whose insights on relational social theory, law’s spatiotemporal dimensions, and water rights enable a more complex yet accurate account of how actors in this context deal with the law and variously articulate it. We argue that von Benda-Beckmann’s approach helps to unravel the challenges posed by hyperregulation while clarifying how strategic mobilization functions within this environment. By adopting this framework alongside a “thick” understanding of the local context, we aim to provide a more sensitive analysis of the evolving legal landscape, shedding light on the struggles over natural resources in Colombia and potentially offering insights for similar conflicts elsewhere.

Climate-Driven Sustainable Energy Investments: Key Decision Factors for a Low-Carbon Transition Using a Multi-Criteria Approach

Currently, the need for a clean transition has made the upscaling of sustainable energy investment projects imperative. This paper addresses the increasing importance of sustainable energy investment projects in the context of climate change and the urgent need for a global energy transition. Given the complexity of decision-making in this field, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach is employed to assess the main criteria considered by project developers and financial institutions. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, eight criteria are identified and evaluated. Results highlight differing priorities between project developers and investors, emphasizing the need for adaptable approaches to accelerate sustainable energy investments. The study underscores the importance of understanding diverse stakeholder preferences and priorities in formulating effective strategies and managing associated risks to effectively promote sustainable energy projects. Future research should focus on real-life case studies and policy assessments to further enhance the understanding of sustainable energy investment dynamics.

Co-Design and Refinement of Curriculum-Based Foodbot Factory Intervention to Support Elementary School Nutrition Education.

School-based nutrition education interventions can support the development of children's food literacy and healthy eating habits. The Foodbot Factory serious game was developed to support school nutrition education based on Canada's Food Guide and Ontario curriculum. The objective of this research was to refine the Foodbot Factory intervention to include curriculum-based lesson plans that had a high-level of acceptability by stakeholders to support implementation by teachers in classrooms. A co-design approach was used to engage teacher and dietitian stakeholders in developing five lesson plans for the intervention, who contributed to creating the intervention content in three stages. The stages included reviewing and providing feedback on the initial draft of the lesson plans, participating in facilitated discussion rounds to come to a consensus on the changes required, and completing a final review of the intervention's acceptability. Qualitative data included notes on the lesson plans and recordings from meetings that were analyzed thematically. During the first co-design stage, major revisions were suggested for two-fifths of the lessons by stakeholders. Further stakeholder suggestions were discussed and integrated into the intervention from facilitated discussions, improving the lesson plan content and intervention feasibility. All stakeholders agreed that the final version of the intervention was acceptable and would support classroom nutrition education. Five lesson plans were created and compiled into a unit plan, containing additional teaching resources, to support nutrition education with Foodbot Factory. The co-design process greatly improved the Foodbot Factory intervention and its feasibility for classroom implementation. Including diverse stakeholder perspectives led to unique and different insights to improve the intervention.

Promoting Health and Wellbeing Through Non-Clinical Arts Programming: Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives From the Veterans Health Administration.

While the value of art therapy is well-established and arts are increasingly leveraged to promote health and wellbeing more broadly, little is known about the impacts of non-clinical arts programs. In this preliminary investigation, we sought to fill this gap by exploring diverse stakeholders' perspectives on the impacts of non-clinical arts programming on Veterans receiving care at the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Semi-structured qualitative interviews with Veterans, VA staff, and community partners. Interviewees were recruited from 7 VA medical centers that have recently implemented non-clinical arts programming to promote Veterans' health and wellbeing, some of them in partnership with community organizations. 33 individuals were interviewed, including 9 Veterans, 14 VA staff, and 10 community partners involved in non-clinical arts program implementation. Interview transcripts were analyzed using iterative rounds of qualitative content analysis. The following impacts on Veterans were described: (1) mental health improvements, (2) renewed sense of purpose; (3) increased social connectedness, (4) improved self-esteem, and (5) self-driven engagement in art activities. Non-clinical arts programming was perceived by diverse stakeholders to offer important benefits for Veterans' health and well-being. Offering non-clinical arts programming inside and outside healthcare facilities' walls is a promising direction for the field of public health undergoing a shift towards holistic approaches to improving individual and population health outcomes.

Mitigating Racial Bias in Health Care Algorithms: Improving Fairness in Access to Supportive Housing.

Algorithms for guiding health care decisions have come under increasing scrutiny for being unfair to certain racial and ethnic groups. The authors describe their multistep process, using data from 3,465 individuals, to reduce racial and ethnic bias in an algorithm developed to identify state Medicaid beneficiaries experiencing homelessness and chronic health needs who were eligible for coordinated health care and housing supports. Through an iterative process of adjusting inputs, reviewing outputs with diverse stakeholders, and performing quality assurance, the authors developed an algorithm that achieved racial and ethnic parity in the selection of eligible Medicaid beneficiaries.