Diverse Parents Research Articles

Storybooks About Healthy Beverage Consumption: Effects in an Online Randomized Experiment With Parents

Parents spend substantial time reading to their children, making storybooks a promising but understudied avenue for motivating parents to serve their children healthier beverages. This study examines parents' reactions to messages promoting healthy beverage consumption embedded in a children's storybook. In 2020, a total of 2,164 demographically diverse parents of children aged 6 months to 5 years participated in an online survey. Participants were randomized to view control messages (school readiness) or 1 of 3 beverage message topics (sugary drink discouragement, water encouragement, or combined discouragement and encouragement) presented as pages from the storybook Potter the Otter. Survey items assessed parents' reactions to the messages and their perceptions, beliefs, and intentions regarding sugary drinks and water. Data were analyzed in 2021. Compared with control messages, exposure to the beverage messages led to higher discouragement from serving children sugary drinks and higher encouragement to serve children more water (p<0.001). The beverage messages also elicited more thinking about beverages' health impacts and led to stronger perceptions that sugary drinks are unhealthy (p<0.001). Moreover, the beverage messages led to higher intentions to limit serving children sugary drinks and higher intentions to serve children more water (p≤0.02). Parents' reactions to the beverage messages did not differ by most demographic characteristics. Few differences in outcomes were observed among the 3 beverage message topics. Embedding beverage messages in storybooks is a promising, scalable strategy for motivating parents from diverse backgrounds to serve children more water and fewer sugary drinks.

Remote Schooling Supports for Linguistically Diverse Parents of Students With Disabilities

Remote schooling has increased in prevalence. Although remote schooling may feel novel, remote and online educational requirements have been consistent parts of the educational landscape for years. Remote schooling increases learning opportunities within the home, magnifying the need for home–school collaborations to support the academic and socio-emotional development of marginalized learners in urban settings, particularly multiply marginalized learners such as students classified as English learners who also have a high incidence disability (e.g., learning disability, speech and language impairment, autism spectrum disorder). Much policy and practice around remote schooling centers on ensuring students have access to devices and technology; little consideration is given to what happens after devices are distributed, especially within culturally and linguistically diverse households. This paper explores considerations to be made before, during, and after engaging in remote schooling, whether it is for short- or long-term use, to ensure that students who are dually classified are not digitally excluded during remote schooling.

Diverse parents inform stages of care for youth ADHD treatment, engagement

Seeking the perspectives of parents of racial/ethnic minority youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to better understand what could be done to improve access and treatment engagement, Boston Medical Center researchers have developed a new framework of six stages, which they say could be used to design family‐centered interventions.

Evaluation of 130 Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes for Future Breeding Program Based on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits, and Various Genetic Parameters

Eggplant is an essential widespread year-round fruit vegetable. This study was conducted using 130 local germplasm of brinjal to select diverse parents based on the multiple traits selection index for the future breeding program. This selection was performed focusing on 14 qualitative and 10 quantitative traits variation and genetic parameters namely, phenotypic and genotypic variance (PV and GV) and genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV), broad-sense heritability (hBS), genetic advance, traits association, genotype by trait biplot (G × T), heatmap analysis and multi-trait index based on factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (MGIDI). Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance revealed a wide range of variability for morpho-physiological traits. Estimated hBS for all the measured traits ranged from 10.6% to 93%, indicating that all the traits were highly inheritable. Genetic variances were low to high for most morpho-physiological traits, indicating complex genetic architecture. Yield per plant was significantly correlated with fruit diameter, fruits per plant, percent fruits infestation by brinjal shoot and fruit borer, and fruit weight traits indicating that direct selection based on fruit number and fruit weight might be sufficient for improvement of other traits. The first two principal components (PCs) explained about 81.27% of the total variation among lines for 38 brinjal morpho-physiological traits. Genotype by trait (G × T) biplot revealed superior genotypes with combinations of favorable traits. The average genetic distance was 3.53, ranging from 0.25 to 20.01, indicating high levels of variability among the germplasm. The heat map was also used to know the relationship matrix among all the brinjal genotypes. MGIDI is an appropriate method of selection based on multiple trait information. Based on the fourteen qualitative and ten quantitative traits and evaluation of various genetic parameters, the germplasm G80, G54, G66, and G120 might be considered as best parents for the future breeding program for eggplant improvement.

Challenging parenting behavior in ethnically diverse two-parent families in the United States: Association with infants’ social competence and behavior problems

We used data from a sample of ethnically diverse first-time parents (N = 186) in the United States to examine differences between mothers’ and fathers’ challenging parenting behavior (CPB) when infants were 9 months old as well as covariates of CPB. We also examined associations between CPB and infants’ social competence and behavior problems when they were 12 months old. Results showed no differences between mothers and fathers in the level of CPB with their infants. Mothers with more depressive symptoms engaged in more CPB. Over and above the contributions of infants’ gender and temperament and parents’ education, mothers’ and fathers’ CPB was not associated with infants’ social competence and behavior problems. This study expands our understanding of the universality of CPB and whether it is associated with social competence in ethnically diverse families.

Leisure Time Satisfaction and Activity Preferences Among Ethnically Diverse Aging Parents in Metro Vancouver.

It is well established that family and work-retirement transitions are increasingly becoming more complicated, extended, and reversible among aging parents. Combined with improved life expectancy, older parents are now confronted with new opportunities and challenges including their access to leisure activities. However, a paucity of research exists with regard to the extent to which older-aged parents are satisfied with their amount of leisure time as well as their ideal leisure preferences. Drawing upon socio-cultural life course theory, this paper examines how socio-demographic and ethnocultural variables (i.e., gender, ethnic identity), family-related factors (e.g., presence of children in the household), and socio-economic and work contexts (i.e., income satisfaction and retirement status) shape leisure time satisfaction and activity preferences. Data are drawn from the "Families and Retirement Project," a sample of 588 diverse (British-, Chinese-, Iranian/Persian-, South-Asian Canadians) aged 50 + (mean age = 59.6) residing in Metro Vancouver with at least one young adult child aged 19-35. Quantitative analyses reveal that leisure time satisfaction is higher among: those reporting lower levels of parental stress, the fully retired, those with less education, and among Chinese parents (compared to British). Moreover, strong variations by ethnic background are shown in preferred leisure activity, based on a thematic analysis of data. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to a socio-cultural family life course activity theory. Implications for community service provision (e.g., culturally sensitive and relevant recreational programs and services) are also highlighted, given the salience of participation in enjoyable leisure activities to healthy aging.

A systematic review and meta-analytic evaluation of psychosocial interventions in parents of children with cancer with an exploratory focus on minority outcomes.

Parents of children with cancer are prone to psychosocial distress, yet little is known about intervention response among diverse parents. Our systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of psychosocial interventions on anxiety and depression among parents of children with cancer and explored race and/or ethnicity differences in the efficacy of these interventions. Twenty articles met inclusion. The aggregate effect size on anxiety (-0.01, 95% CI: -0.95, 0.93, p=.97) and depression (-0.56, 95% CI: -1.65, 0.54, p=.32) showed micro to medium effects, with larger negative effect sizes indicating that anxiety and depression scores after treatment were lower for parents in intervention group as compared to control group. Neither aggregate effect size was statistically significantly different from zero. Due to underrepresentation of minorities, we could not perform subgroup or moderator analyses. Several efficacious psychosocial interventions were found to reduce parental anxiety. Future studies to examine psychosocial interventions in minority parents are warranted.

Parents, whiteness and sex education: A critical race critique of Parent sex education guides

‘It is difficult to talk to my children about sex’ – this anxiety has long been established in sex education literature, along with the beneficial role of improved parent–child communication for sexual health and relationship outcomes. However, the insights gained from this literature have been under-researched in migrant families, and has resulted in the ‘whitening’ of parent guides that provide ‘tips’ for parents. This article asks critical questions about the politics of race and representation that structure these documents. In the main, these questions rest on concerns about who these guides speak to. On the surface, the documents speak to everyone, through an inclusive terminology and phraseology that references ‘all parents’ and ‘our worries’. However, this paper asks: What does it do, and what is produced, to speak about parents in the general? How does the production of an assumed ‘singular/universal’ parent serve to ‘other’ the experiences a racially diverse parents, and render a broader range of experiences invisible? To explore this question, this article undertakes a critical discourse analysis of parent guides in Australia. It interrogates the normative frameworks that scaffold and structure the guides, and in the main argues that despite gestures toward inclusion, a very particular kind of parent lies at the heart of the documents. In addition, the article moves from deconstruction to think through what parent sex education guides might look like it they were better designed to account for difference.

Bills, babies, and (language) barriers: Associations among economic strain, parenting, and primary language during the newborn period.

The goal of this study was to examine associations among economic strain, parenting self-efficacy, parenting satisfaction, and parent primary language in a universally low-income sample of parents with newborns. Previous research links increased economic strain to lower levels of parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction among socioeconomically diverse parents with older children. Little research has examined whether primary language shapes the associations among economic strain, parenting self-efficacy, and parenting satisfaction. Parents (n = 194, M age = 30.91) completed self-report surveys measuring economic strain, parenting self-efficacy, and parenting satisfaction. Parents' ethnic self-identification and primary language were used to stratify parents into three groups: Latinx Spanish speakers, Latinx English speakers, and non-Latinx English speakers. Regression analyses revealed that economic strain was negatively associated with both parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction. Further, the negative association between economic strain and parenting self-efficacy was stronger for Latinx Spanish speakers. Economic strain may negatively influence parenting self-efficacy and parenting satisfaction during the newborn period. Parents whose primary language is Spanish may be disproportionately affected by economic strain. Parents of newborns may benefit from increased economic supports in linguistically responsive pediatric care and social service settings.

Studies on variability, heritability, genetic advance and transgressive segregating in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Significant variability is available in the F2 population of brinjal. Top crosses of brinjal Biliudda badane × mullu badane produced from F1 generation were in augmented design at ZARS Shimogga in Kharif 2017. They have several characteristics of plant breeding significance with sufficient scope for added improvement to growing conditions. The F2 study showed significant variation for nine quantitative traits. Close estimates between GCV and PCV values indicated lesser influence of environmental factors on the expression of traits under study. In this investigation, the proportion of genetic contribution of high GCV, PCV coupled with high broad sense heritability and genetic advance to the overall phenotypic expression of the studied traits like number of fruits per plant, number primary branches, number of flowers per plant was high, indicating predominant control of additive genes, and these traits could be improved upon by selection without progeny testing. High magnitude of heritability for most of the characters suggested the progress of improvement in yield and its components. Differences in mean values of parents for various characters indicated involvement of diverse parents in the crosses studied. The F2 plants exceeded either of the parents for most of the characters, which seems to be due to transgressive segregation.

Breeding potential of cultivated eggplant genotypes for bacterial wilt disease tolerance using multivariate analysis

ABSTRACT Bacterial wilt (BW) disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation, resulting in economic loss in tropics, sub-tropics and temperate regions of the world. Identification of genetically diverse parents for development of BW resistant varieties having preferred large fruit with more flesh and less seed content, in disease hot spot areas, is lacking. Twenty-five eggplant genotypes were screened for tolerance to BW disease and other economic traits to identify cultivated genotypes that can be utilized in breeding. Based on screening under artificial and field condition ‘Utkal Anusree’ appeared resistant, while ‘Utkal Madhuri’ was moderately resistant against bacterial isolate (Biovar IIIA). Principal components of variable traits, fruit weight, disease incidence of BW, number of fruit per plant and plant height had eigen values >1 and accounting for 100% of total variation. Genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters which do not represent places of origin indicating genotypes in a cluster were geographically diverse; genotypes obtained from the same region were genetically different. Based on multivariate analysis and average values of economic traits, genotypes ‘Bidhan Suphala,’ ‘Bidhan Supreme,’ ‘Garia,’ ‘Punjab Sadabahar,’ ‘Utkal Anusree’ and ‘Utkal Madhuri’ could be potential donors for BW disease resistant breeding. Breeders might be able to introgress bacterial wilt tolerance into commercial genotypes to retrieve potential recombinants with preferred economic traits.

Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (Cannabis sativa).

The breeding of hybrid cultivars of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is not well described, especially the segregation and inheritance of traits that are important for yield. A total of 23 families were produced from genetically diverse parents to investigate the inheritance of morphological traits and their association with biomass accumulation and cannabinoid yield. In addition, a novel classification method for canopy architecture was developed. The strong linear relationship between wet and dry biomass provided an accurate estimate of final dry stripped floral biomass. Of all field and aerial measurements, basal stem diameter was determined to be the single best selection criterion for final dry stripped floral biomass yield. Along with stem diameter, canopy architecture and stem growth predictors described the majority of the explainable variation of biomass yield. Within-family variance for morphological and cannabinoid measurements reflected the heterozygosity of the parents. While selfed populations suffered from inbreeding depression, hybrid development in hemp will require at least one inbred parent to achieve uniform growth and biomass yield. Nevertheless, floral phenology remains a confounding factor in selection because of its underlying influence on biomass production, highlighting the need to understand the genetic basis for flowering time in the breeding of uniform cultivars.

Exploring qualities of ethnically diverse parents related to the healthy home environment of toddlers

Parents serve as role models and household policy makers for their children's home social environment. Also, parents may influence the home physical environment through the provision of resources to support their children's dietary, activity, and sleep behaviors. Understanding the parental characteristics related to children's home environment may allow for tailoring obesity interventions to families' needs. This study aimed to explore parental qualities (general parenting styles, parent feeding practices, and parental BMI) related to healthy home food, physical activity, media and sleep environment of toddlers. A total of 50 multi-ethnic parents with toddler age children who were enrolled in a randomized pilot study of a wellness program completed the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding (SCPF) questionnaire and Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire (CGPQ). Parental BMI was calculated using self-reported weight and height data. The Healthy Home Survey, the Home Food Inventory, the Sleep Environment Questionnaire, and items developed for this study were standardized and summed to create home food, physical activity, screen media, and sleep environment scores; high scores reflected healthier environments. To examine the relationships between parental qualities and the home environment, Pearson's correlation test was performed. Parental BMI and overall healthy home environment were inversely associated (r = -0.306; p = 0.032). Structure in general parenting and parental feeding practice were positively correlated with the overall healthy home environment (r = 0.336; p = 0.026) and healthy home food environment (r = 0.415; p = 0.003), respectively. The coercive control general parenting was inversely related to overall healthy home environment score (r = -0.333; p = 0.022). Based on the findings from this study, parents who provide clear communication, set consistent rules, avoid pressure to control their child's behavior, and have lower BMI tend to live in a home environment that support children's health behaviors.

↵Analysis of Trait Association and Genetic Diversity in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes under Middle Gangetic Plain Region of India

Background: Garden pea is a cool season vegetable crop cultivated extensively throughout the world. Besides nutritional quality it also boosts soils through the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. The most important task of pea breeding is to develop varieties with high and stable production, different maturity types and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. To fulfil these objectives, analysis of genetic diversity is the prerequisite to choose genetically diverse parents for a successful hybridization program and to know the source of genes for a particular trait within the available germplasm. Methods: A study was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi during 2015, using principle component analysis, correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis approaches to assess the genetic diversity present in 160 pea genotypes for the identification of diverse parents for use in crop improvement. Result: Based on the phenotypic data, three superior genotypes VRPD-2, VRPR-15 and VRP-292 were identified on the basis of pod yield, number of pods per plant, ten pod weight, pod length and number of seeds per pod whereas three other genotypes VRPE-45-1, VRPE-55 and VRPE-36 were found early flowering. Principle Component Analysis revealed that first four principle components contributed to 85% of the total variation so these four were given due importance for further explanation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that number of pods per plant, ten pod weight and number of internode for first pod were the best predictors of pod yield per plant.

Genetic diversity analysis of fertility restorer and CMS lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by using SSR markers

Genetic diversity of 92 fertility restorer and four CMS lines were analyzed using 38 polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 102 alleles were detected which are ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 2.68 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of SSR markers ranged from 0.22 to 0.81 with an average of 0.53 per locus. The cluster analysis based on 38 polymorphic markers produced seven main clusters with 0.36 to 0.97 similarity coefficient. The highest similarity was observed between the restorer lines 919R and 920R and three restorer lines 907R, 923R, and 922R were found to be most distinct from the rest. Analysis of molecular variance revealed within and among populations variance of 97 and 3 per cent, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed the genetically distinct restorer and CMS lines that would serve as diverse parents to be exploited in future breeding programme to broaden the genetic base of wheat cultivars. Key wordsGenetic diversity, Restorer line, CMS line, SSR markers, Triticum aestivum.

536-P: Resilience in Real Time: Parents of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Summer 2020 Psychosocial Experiences

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacts parents, people with health risks like diabetes, and those with fewer financial resources. Minorities face particularly negative outcomes of the pandemic, and racial tensions after George Floyd’s murder may have worsened effects. We examined group differences by race/ethnicity and socio-economic status (SES) in depressive symptoms and protective factors in parents of children with T1D in summer 2020. Methods: Participants were n=100 parents (98% mothers) of youth with T1D (60% female, M age=6.7±1.6 yrs, M T1D duration = 2.9±.5 yrs), who completed a behavioral RCT ≥6 months prior. In July/July 2020, parents self-reported on awareness of how to obtain housing/financial/food resources (Protective Factor Survey Concrete Support [PFS-CS] subscale) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies -Depression [CES-D]). Race/ethnicity (66% non-Hispanic white, 12% non-Hispanic Black, 11% Hispanic, 11% other) and health insurance (33% public, 67% private) were reported at RCT enrollment. We ran ANOVAs and Pearson correlations to compare CES-D and PFS-CS by demographic groups. Results: PFS-CS scores differed significantly by race/ethnicity and insurance status, both p&amp;lt;.01. Hispanic (M=1.6±0.5) and non-Hispanic Black (M=1.6±0.6) parents had higher CS than non-Hispanic white parents (M = 1.3±0.3). Those with public insurance (M = 1.6±0.5) had higher CS than those with private insurance (M = 1.3±0.3). Higher CS correlated with lower CES-D, r = -.26, p = .05. CES-D did not differ across groups. Conclusion: Racially/ethnically diverse and lower SES parents of children with T1D reported more knowledge about how to access useful resources. This may have buffered against elevated mood symptoms during co-occurring major societal and public health stressors in 2020. Highlighting sources of support and resilience may be a useful strategy in strength-based interventions for parents of children with T1D. Disclosure J. N. Jones: None. S. A. Carreon: None. K. Rooney: None. C. H. Wang: None. C. Tully: None. M. Monaghan: None. R. Streisand: None. M. E. Hilliard: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1R01DK102561)

Parent engagement in co-design of clinical trials: the PARENT trial

Evidence generated from partnering with parents to design and conduct research together may be used to refine, adjust, and modify future research approaches. This study aimed to describe the initial approaches to parent engagement in the design of the PARENT trial as well as understand parent perspectives on the acceptability and relevance of the PARENT trial and potential barriers and facilitators to participation.Parents participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort were invited to participate in a focus group, called the PARENT panel, to co-design the PARENT trial. This focus group was conducted to capture diverse individual and collective parents’ experiences. Overall methodological approaches for the PARENT panel were informed by the CIHR Strategy for Patient Oriented Research (SPOR) guiding principles (mutual respect, co-building, inclusiveness, and support) for patient engagement in research, and facilitated through the Knowledge Translation Program in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at Unity Health Toronto. Using a Nominal Group Technique, the PARENT panel provided feedback on the feasibility, relevance, and acceptability of the proposed intervention. Findings from this work will be used to further refine, adjust, and modify the next iteration of the PARENT trial, which will also serve as an opportunity to discuss the efforts made by researchers to incorporate parent suggestions and what additional steps are required for improved patient engagement.

School Closures and Returning to School: Views of Parents of Children With Disabilities in England During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities and their families are likely to be significantly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic at various levels, particularly given the implementation of school closures during national lockdowns. This study employed a survey design to assess parental perspectives on the impact of school closures and of returning to school in England, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Eighty-three parents of children and young people with various types of need responded to the survey between September and December 2020. The survey included multiple choice questions and open-ended questions for further in-depth examination of parental perspectives. Results show that: the majority of parents reported that school closures had a detrimental effect on their children’s mental health (particularly those from the most deprived neighbourhoods) and on their own mental and physical health (particularly for ethnically diverse parents and for those whose children attend specialized settings); returning to school was considered to have a positive impact on children’s mental and physical health for the vast majority of parents, despite fearing exposure to the virus; many parents have reported that their children were calmer and happier at home during school closures and became more anxious and stressed upon returning to school. The role of cumulative risk in these children and families, as well as the role of schools as key support agents for the most vulnerable are discussed with implications for future research and policy.

Breeding Amaranth for Biomass: Evaluating Dry Matter Content and Biomass Potential in Early and Late Maturing Genotypes

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a promising biomass crop for silage and biogas production. Under long-day conditions, it exhibits prolonged vegetative growth. To evaluate the breeding potential of amaranth for biomass production, we characterized phenotypic variation in biomass yield components, quantitative genetic parameters, and the relationships between traits. We conducted field trials of 10 biomass-type genotypes exhibiting a ‘giant’ growth habit derived from spontaneous hybridization between genetically diverse parents, and used the variety “Bärnkrafft” as check. We observed two contrasting growth patterns: Bärnkrafft is a variety for grain production and was characterized by a short vegetative growth followed by a long seed ripening. In contrast, the biomass genotypes displayed a long vegetative growth followed by a short seed ripening. We observed strong correlations between dry matter content and stem diameter (r =−0.78, p &lt; 0.01) and between plant height and biomass score (r = 0.95, p &lt; 0.001). High values for broad-sense heritability of stem diameter (H2 = 0.88) and plant height (H2 = 0.92) suggest that the dry matter content and yield can be improved by indirect phenotypic selection. We hypothesize that selection for dry matter content and yield implies a trade-off between earliness and photoperiod sensitivity. Hence, dry matter content should be improved first by recurrent selection, which can be then combined with short-day genes to improve dry matter yield. Overall, this work provides an avenue to the breeding of biomass amaranth.

Molecular characterization of India Ginseng Withania somnifera (L) using ISSR markers.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal), popularly known as Indian ginseng or winter cherry is a multipurpose plant of immense therapeutic value in the ayurvedic and indigenous medicine system and distributed in wide geographic locations and exhibiting extensive phenotypic and chemical variability. The present study was carried out to assess the molecular genetic diversity among 4 CIMAP varieties and five local cultivars of ashwagandha and cluster dendrograms were created by using 20 ISSR primers. A total of 224 bands of varied length were produced, out of which 193 (86.1%) products were polymorphic and 31 (13.8%) products were monomorphic. Where each ISSR arbitrary primer had 5-16 valuable bands with an average of 11.2 bands per primer, of which 86.16% bands were polymorphic. The PIC values ranged from 0.16 to 0.36 with an average PIC value of 0.29 and RP values ranged from 2.22 to 7.99. The UPGMA cluster analysis of 20 ISSR primers grouped the nine accessions into 2 major clusters. The first and second major cluster consists of seven and two accessions respectively. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ISSR based molecular diversity assessment can be used as an efficient tool for detecting similarity and phylogenetic relationships among genotypes of Withania somnifera collected from different geographical locations. This information can be used to improve root and other characteristics of ashwagandha genotypes and there is also scope for the development of high-yielding varieties by selecting diverse parents for crossing (based on the molecular diversity) from the present accessions.