Diverse Management Strategies Research Articles

Anorexia nervosa: A narrative review of diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and innovative management approaches

This narrative review delves into the complexities of anorexia nervosa (AN), focusing on its unique manifestations within diverse contexts, particularly in cancer patients. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic approach was employed via electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. AN has been explored in the context of cancer-related anorexia‒cachexia syndrome, aging, and autoimmune disorders. The diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) are outlined, emphasizing severe disturbances in eating behavior and self-imposed starvation. A thorough examination of the physiological, psychological, and social aspects of AN provides a comprehensive understanding of its multifactorial nature. This review outlines diverse management strategies for AN, encompassing nutritional rehabilitation, psychotherapeutic interventions, and potential pharmacological treatments. Various studies have summarized emerging signaling pathways in cancer-related AN, the bidirectional associations between AN and autoimmune disorders, and potential therapeutic modalities such as acupuncture. Emphasis is placed on the importance of family support, psychoeducation, and early intervention in cancer patients with AN, highlighting the integral role of a comprehensive approach in improving outcomes. In conclusion, this narrative review offers valuable insights into the intricate nature of AN, providing a basis for future research and clinical efforts to refine targeted interventions, particularly within the context of cancer patients. The article provides a broad overview of AN, serving as a resource for those interested in understanding its diverse manifestations.

Is radiotherapy still the optimal initial choice for patients with early-stage low-grade follicular lymphoma in the modern era? A population-based study.

Despite radiotherapy (RT) is recognized as preferred initial therapy for early-stage low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL) by many international practice guidelines, the medical oncologist has improperly underutilized RT, and diverse management strategies, including systemic therapy (ST), combined modality (CM) and watch and wait (WW), are still used. Except survival outcomes, previous studies concerned little about the treatment-related toxicity, which is also important factor in choosing initial management strategy, especially second primary malignancies (SPMs). The aim of this study was to compare the overall survival (OS) and the SPMs risk between different management strategies, which can provide guidance for the choice of optimal initial management strategy. Data was acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Finally, A total 10,900 patients were identified, in which 930 cases developed SPMs. The use of radiotherapy (RT) has remained consistently low, with a utilization rate of around 20%, while most patients have received watchful waiting (WW) and systemic therapy (ST). In the rituximab era, multivariate analysis indicated that RT exhibited significantly superior OS and did not increase SPMs risk in comparison with ST and WW. At the same time, although there were no significant differences in OS between CM and RT, RT had significantly lower SPMs risk in comparison with CM. The use of RT improved the OS and did not increase the SPMs risk in comparison with other management strategies. Considering the low application rate of RT, oncologists should emphasize and increase the use of RT as an initial management strategy in patients with early-stage low-grade FL.

Cost-efficiency analysis of multiple ecosystem services across forest management regimes

Forest management is at the crossroads of economic, environmental, and social goals, often requiring strategic trade-offs. As global demands surge, it's vital to employ management strategies fostering multifunctional landscapes, enabling ecosystem integrity while procuring resources. Historically, the boreal forest in Fennoscandia has been intensively managed for timber, causing environmental shifts and conflicts with biodiversity conservation and climate mitigation policies. Application of current management practices while increasing harvests are a threat to both biodiversity and carbon stocks. To explore this issue, we quantify the cost-efficiency of two forest management regimes: rotation forestry (RF) and continuous cover forestry (CCF), considering specific forest attributes like soil type (mineral and peat soils), site type (fertility classes) and tree stand age, which have been underexplored in previous research. We simulated 45,559 forest stands for 100 years in Northern boreal forests of Finland. We proposed two straightforward cost-efficiency indices (CEI) to evaluate the performance of these management regimes, specifically focusing on their impact on economic output, biodiversity conservation (measured as a biodiversity index for six forest vertebrates, including five bird species and one mammal) and carbon stock. Our findings suggest that continuous cover forestry holds the potential to deliver more cost-efficient ecosystem services and maintain greater biodiversity compared to rotation forestry approaches. Continuous cover forestry, however, is not optimal for all at management units, which calls for alternative management options depending on the stand characteristics. The cost-efficiency indices performance of rotation forestry and continuous cover forestry depend on the characteristics of the initial stand which is largely determined by the previous management of the stand. Our results contribute to guiding forest management towards enhanced sustainability and ecological balance. The great variation in stand characteristics suggest a need for diverse management strategies to create multifunctional landscapes. Our proposed cost-efficiency indices could serve as practical tools for decision-making.

Intent vs Reality: Dehumanization in the South African Corporate Landscape

Thirty years after apartheid’s abolition and the ascension of a new democratic leadership, South Africa continues to grapple with the discriminatory legacy of apartheid. Measures introduced by the post-apartheid government to combat historical marginalization, including legislative initiatives like affirmative action laws and diversity management policies, encounter inherent structural barriers within South African organizations shaped by prevailing cultural norms. Despite the legal framework in place, black employees often endure dehumanizing treatment, finding themselves sidelined from decision-making channels and lacking access to avenues for career advancement and professional development. This essay aims to better understand the lived experiences of South African workplace employees through the lens of organizational dehumanization. This work underscores the urgent need to reimagine transformation efforts in South Africa, moving beyond numerical representation toward a more inclusive work environment that promotes genuine empowerment. It emphasizes the importance of developing holistic diversity management strategies, implementing effective mentorship and sponsorship programs, and providing opportunities for meaningful participation and decision-making by black employees. Such an approach will ensure that legislative intentions are translated into practical workplace realities, ultimately fostering true equality and empowerment.

Enhancing Employee Job Performance Through Supportive Leadership, Diversity Management, and Employee Commitment: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment

This study examines the impact of supportive leadership and diversity management on employee job performance within Vietnam’s manufacturing sector. The study specifically investigates the mediating effect of affective commitment in this relationship. A survey incorporating targeted scales to measure the variables of interest was completed by 406 workers. The collected data underwent analysis using structural equation modeling techniques. The findings of this research suggest that when organizations implement diversity management strategies and foster supportive leadership, there is a significant and positive effect on both the affective commitment and job performance of their workforce. These results highlight the importance of these organizational practices in enhancing employee outcomes in the Vietnamese manufacturing context.

Beyond Medical Bills: High Prevalence of Financial Toxicity and Diverse Management Strategies Among Vietnamese Patients With Cancer.

This study was conducted to measure financial toxicity (FT) among patients with cancer in Vietnam using the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) and to describe the cost management strategies employed by these patients. This comprehensive cross-sectional study enrolled 634 patients from 2 specialized oncology hospitals in Vietnam. Using COST cut-off scores, FT was classified as none/mild (≥26), moderate (14-25), or severe (≤13). Cost management strategies, or coping mechanisms, were classified into 4 groups: lifestyle changes, financial resource strategies, treatment modifications, and support seeking. The prevalence of FT was 91.8%, with 51.7% of participants demonstrating severe and 40.1% exhibiting moderate FT. Severe FT was significantly associated with female, low education level, unstable employment, low household economic status, and advanced cancer stage. The most common coping strategies were as follows: among lifestyle changes, reducing spending on basic items and leisure activities (78.7%) and cutting back on essential household expenses (66.4%); among financial resource strategies, borrowing money from relatives or friends (49.1%) and withdrawing funds from retirement or savings accounts (34.1%); within treatment modifications, switching treatment facilities or doctors due to cost concerns (9.3%); and within support seeking, obtaining help from welfare or community organizations (18.8%). All strategies were significantly more likely to be used by patients with severe FT. FT was highly prevalent among patients with cancer. Most patients relied on lifestyle adjustments and coping strategies, underscoring the need for improved financial support systems to alleviate the economic burden associated with cancer care.

Infantile hemangiomas: a dermatologist's perspective.

Infantile hemangioma (IH), the most common vascular tumor in pediatrics, is thought to arise from aberrant stem cell responses to stimuli such as hypoxia. This review explores the diverse manifestations, complications, and management strategies for IH, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The epidemiology and risk factors associated with IH, including connections to prematurity, low birth weight, and family background, are discussed. The intricate pathogenesis involving hemangioma stem cells, KIAA1429, hypoxia, and the renin-angiotensin system is examined. The natural history and clinical features, as well as extracutaneous involvements such as hepatic IH, PHACES syndrome, and LUMBAR syndrome, are detailed. Complications such as ulceration, functional impairment, hypothyroidism, and cosmetic concerns are highlighted. The differential diagnosis and diagnostic modalities, including colorimeters, high-frequency ultrasonography, and imaging techniques, are discussed. Management approaches, including the use of propranolol, atenolol, corticosteroids, alternative systemic treatments, topical therapy, laser therapy, and surgery, are comprehensively reviewed. The evolving landscape of IH management is underscored, with ongoing research exploring alternative treatments and individualized approaches based on IH characteristics.

Risk management in short–term rental properties: methods and strategies for minimizing risks

This article aims to identify and analyze effective risk management strategies within the short–term rental market, focusing on enhancing operational efficiency and profitability while ensuring compliance and security. The study utilizes a methodological framework that integrates data–driven risk assessments, optimization of rental strategies through predictive analytics, the implementation of advanced security systems, and rigorous regulatory compliance. Key findings demonstrate that these strategies significantly mitigate financial, operational, and legal risks, contribute to sustainable business practices, and enhance the market reputation of property managers. The conclusion underscores the necessity of incorporating technological advancements and stringent compliance measures as foundational elements of modern property management. The novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive approach to integrating diverse risk management strategies, providing a holistic view that addresses the multifaceted challenges faced by today’s short–term rental businesses.

The ProtekDuo Cannula: A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy and Clinical Applications in Right Ventricular Failure.

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is a clinical challenge associated with various underlying acute and chronic medical conditions, necessitating diverse management strategies including mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The ProtekDuo cannula represents an important advancement in medical devices for MCS in the setting of RVF. When combined with an extracorporeal blood pump, the dual-lumen design allows for direct bypass of the RV using simultaneous drainage and return of blood using percutaneous, single-site access. Studies have reported favorable outcomes with the ProtekDuo cannula and low device-related complications, but comparative studies with other MCS devices are limited. Still, the ProtekDuo cannula has numerous advantages; however, it is not without challenges, and opportunities for further research exist. The ProtekDuo cannula holds significant potential for future advancements in the field of MCS, offering promising solutions for RVF management.

Is human resources management sustainable enough? Evidence from the food industry

PurposeBased on the Natural resource-based view (NRBV), this study aims to analyze the association between the Sustainable Development Goals related to Gender Equality, Decent Work, Innovation, and Climatic Action in the Food Industry.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative study is adopted based on the 2019 World Bank Enterprise Survey microdata. The database includes 1,242 food enterprises from 16 European Union countries. We applied logistic regression with cluster robust standard errors.FindingsDespite global efforts to promote decent work and gender equity, the anticipated results have not yet been achieved, suggesting varying performance in different contexts. Food firms, characterized by significant environmental impacts and seasonal tasks, employ diverse Human Resource Management (HRM) strategies based on whether they pursue innovation or environmental objectives. Grounded in the NRBV, our findings underscore the importance of investing in qualified workers and offering attractive wages to meet environmental goals, as well as providing stable contracts for female workers. The NRBV framework also highlights the crucial role of product and process innovations, whether green or not, in achieving climate action objectives.Practical implicationsEuropean policies must be adapted to the human resources characteristics in the food industry, providing specific training on environmental and innovation issues and contributing to more work stability and gender equality.Originality/valueOur study applies the NRBV to analyze how human resources and product/process innovations can boost environmental preservation in an industry characterized by strong environmental impacts, seasonal tasks, and financial constraints.

Strategi Manajemen Diversitas Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Tim

This research aims to explore diversity management strategies in improving team performance in the context of human resource management (HR). Using a literature study method, this research analyzes various strategies used by organizations to manage diversity and inclusion, as well as their impact on team creativity and performance. The research results show that well-managed diversity can improve team performance through positive synergy and higher innovation. In addition, these findings also highlight the importance of inclusion policies that support the participation of all team members.

The Advanced Management of a Burn Patient

Burn injuries pose a serious public health issue, contributing to a considerable worldwide impact. These injuries can lead to intricate and perhaps fatal scenarios that necessitate sophisticated care procedures. This review examines the study of the occurrence, importance, and advanced treatment of individuals with burn injuries. We explore the theoretical framework, encompassing definitions, risk factors, complications, and diverse management strategies. The conversation focuses on the most recent developments in burn treatment, such as prompt removal of burn wounds, replenishing fluids, managing infections, and facilitating rehabilitation. The focus is placed on the changing field of burn care research and how it might lead to better results for patients. To summarize, this article emphasizes the significance of utilizing a variety of disciplines in the treatment of burn patients and the necessity for ongoing study to improve the well-being of those who have survived.

A scalable big data approach for remotely tracking rangeland conditions

Rangelands, covering half of the global land area, are critically degraded by unsustainable use and climate change. Despite their extensive presence, global assessments of rangeland condition and sustainability are limited. Here we introduce a novel analytical approach that combines satellite big data and statistical modeling to quantify the likelihood of changes in rangeland conditions. These probabilities are then used to assess the effectiveness of management interventions targeting rangeland sustainability. This approach holds global potential, as demonstrated in Mongolia, where the shift to a capitalist economy has led to increased livestock numbers and grazing intensity. From 1986 to 2020, heavy grazing caused a marked decline in Mongolia’s rangeland condition. Our evaluation of diverse management strategies, corroborated by local ground observations, further substantiates our approach. Leveraging globally available yet locally detailed satellite data, our proposed condition tracking approach provides a rapid, cost-effective tool for sustainable rangeland management.

Why no-till system sequesters more carbon and is more resilient and productive with contrasting fertilization regimes in a highly weathered soil?

Land management systems that comprise the principles of conservation agriculture (CA) can lead to soil organic carbon (SOC) gains over time. Nonetheless, how fertilization regimes interfere with their performance in highly weathered soils is still uncertain. This study presents results on SOC storage, crop yield, and soil resilience from a long-term experiment in southern Brazil (Ponta Grossa – Paraná State) 26 years after its establishment in 1989 combining a gradient of soil disturbance through diverse soil management strategies with contrasting fertilization regimes. We hypothesized that preserving soil structure rebuilt over time through no-till system plays a significant role in SOC persistence and the fertilization regime can impact land management performance on soil resilience and crop yield. The experimental design was laid out as a split plot through completely randomized blocks. The main plots comprised the treatments related to soil management systems: 1) conventional plow-based tillage – CT; 2) minimum tillage (Chiselling replacing plowing) – MT; 3) no-till with one chisel plowing every three years – NTch; and 4) continuous no-till system – NTS. The sub-plots comprised full crop fertilization (FCF) for all crops and low crop fertilization (LCF) by suppressing K and P fertilization and maintaining N in broadcast application. SOC stocks significantly improved as the soil disturbance diminished, resulting in higher soil resilience indexes for NTS and NTch. Differences in SOC stocks between the contrasting treatments NTS and CT were higher under low fertilization, resulting in C and N sequestration rates of 1.14 and 0.14 Mg ha−1 year−1 under LCF compared to 0.77 and 0.08 Mg ha−1 yr−1 in FCF at the 0–100 cm layer. Such higher differences were induced by overall higher SOC stocks of CT when under FCF and higher SOC stocks in subsoil depths promoted by NTS when under LCF. High fertilization treatments produced cumulative yields 1.5 times higher for soybeans and 2.5 times higher for corn throughout the 26 years of the experiment. Labile C fractions extracted by hot water (HWEOC) and K-permanganate (POXC) were systematically increased as the disturbance diminished. Gains in labile fractions were promoted in deeper layers in lower disturbance treatments (NTch and NTS). We conclude that combining conservation agriculture principles ultimately defined the potential for SOC sequestration. The high soil resilience under the NTS in this research indicates a considerable potential to reverse the soil degradation and decline of the SOC and labile fractions by conversion to intensive NTS (high and diversified annual C input) associated with absence of soil disturbance.

Unlocking sustainable livestock production potential in the Colombian Amazon through paddock division and gender inclusivity

Low-emissions livestock production can be achieved through scaling production systems integrating trees, forages, and livestock within the same area. Such systems are known as silvopastoral production systems (SPS). However, despite SPS reported benefits, adoption rates globally remain low. This paper, therefore, aims to inform land use policy oriented towards increasing SPS adoption. This study intends to capture this by assessing SPS adoption benefits, identifying determinants of SPS adoption, and thus to contribute to policy for scaling low-emissions livestock production. Data was collected on socioeconomic status, livestock farming technical and economic indicators, and farm and paddock practices through farm-level surveys in four municipalities in the Amazon Piedmont of Colombia. Unlike previous studies that assume homogeneous farm management, when in fact, it is heterogeneous, this study assessed SPS adoption determinants using the paddock (n = 2819) as the unit of analysis. This methodological approach is consistent with paddock-level land use decisions taken by farmers based on socioeconomic and biophysical factors such as soil financial resources, type, and topography. The methodological approach allows us to provide new insights into the determinant of adopting SPS and an understanding of intra-farm level land use decisions. The results show that the adoption of SPS at both paddocks and farm levels in Caquetá is low. The main factors associated with higher SPS adoption levels at the paddock level are framed in gender, resources, and knowledge. We observe that women are more motivated to conserve the environment. Cattle paddocks managed by women, smaller in size, and those with more SPS-related projects show a tendency for medium or high SPS adoption. Furthermore, the positive relationship between access to credit and SPS adoption emphasizes the importance of financial resources tailored to SPS projects. Enhancing gender roles, improving access to finance in land use, and providing training programs on SPS systems can contribute to low-emission livestock production in Colombia. This research paper highlights the significance of implementing diverse management strategies and reaching out to farmers not involved in SPS projects. It emphasizes investments in low-emission livestock production, especially for female heads of households. This approach recognizes the broader benefits of SPS, beyond production and financial gains, promoting the division of paddocks and the adoption of SPS.

Panel Interview of ONcology practices with Emergent Experience of teclistamab in the Real world: the TecPIONEER Study

Objective To understand clinicians’ current teclistamab step-up dosing (SUD) model and how they envision future administration models, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators to these models in day-to-day clinical practice. Methods Interviews of clinicians with RW experience administering teclistamab, with a subsequent roundtable discussion to discuss interview findings. Topics of interest included managing adverse events (AE), and handling logistics of SUD and transition of care (ToC). Results 20 clinicians representing 19 practices participated. Of 14 practices administering inpatient teclistamab SUD, 12 (86%) utilized a single admission. A day 1-3-5 dosing schedule with a 7-day length of stay was planned in 10/14 (71%). The remaining 5 practices employed outpatient or hybrid SUD. SUD models depended on cellular therapy experience, patient volume, and monitoring capabilities. Clinicians desired to administer SUD outpatient for convenience and reduced healthcare resource use. 11% of practices reported using tocilizumab for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) prophylaxis, whilst it was uniformly used to treat grade 2+ CRS. Corticosteroids were the preferred treatment for neurotoxicity. Infection prophylaxis with intravenous immunoglobulin was reported by 89% of practices. Patient- and institution-level factors affected decision-making of transitioning patients back to referring sites after SUD. Conclusion The results consolidated practice-based experiences and indicated diverse RW SUD models and patient management strategies in practices with familiarity with teclistamab AE management and ToC protocols. Inpatient SUD is common, with expectations that approaches will evolve toward outpatient or community-based administration. Further research is needed to investigate outcomes of different care models and AE management strategies.

Explaining the Components of Resilience in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Content Analysis.

Resilience is a psychological trait and a protective factor that plays a vital role in coping with Chronic Pain (CP). Despite its importance, research has yet to fully clarify the concept and components of resilience in patients with CP. Accordingly, the present study aims to explain the components of resilience in patients with CP. The current qualitative study used a conventional content analysis methodology. The research population included all patients with CP who were referred to clinics affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (south of Iran) from August 2021 to August 2022. Participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants to collect information. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 2020 software in conjunction with data collection efforts. Generally, in the current study, 30 sub-sub-categories, 11 sub-categories, and five main categories were extracted as components of resilience in patients with CP. The main categories of resilience against CP included the following: 1. emotional self-regulation, 2. psychological flexibility, 3. self-care, 4. appeal to religion-spirituality, and 5. internal resources and individual competencies. The present study highlights the different physical, mental, and religious-spiritual strategies that may contribute to resilience against pain. The resilience components identified in this study provide a foundation for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, to design and implement diverse pain management strategies that enhance adjustment to CP conditions.

Recent United States Developments in the Pharmacological Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.

Dry eye disease (DED) can arise from a variety of factors, including inflammation, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and neurosensory abnormalities. Individuals with DED may exhibit a range of clinical signs, including tear instability, reduced tear production, and epithelial disruption, that are driven by different pathophysiological contributors. Those affected often report a spectrum of pain and visual symptoms that can impact physical and mental aspects of health, placing an overall burden on an individual's well-being. This cumulative impact of DED on an individual's activities and on society underscores the importance of finding diverse and effective management strategies. Such management strategies necessitate an understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to DED in the individual patient. Presently, the majority of approved therapies for DED address T cell-mediated inflammation, with their tolerability and effectiveness varying across different studies. However, there is an emergence of treatments that target additional aspects of the disease, including novel inflammatory pathways, abnormalities of the eyelid margin, and neuronal function. These developments may allow for a more nuanced and precise management strategy for DED. This review highlights the recent pharmacological advancements in DED therapy in the United States. It discusses the mechanisms of action of these new treatments, presents key findings from clinical trials, discusses their current stage of development, and explores their potential applicability to different sub-types of DED. By providing a comprehensive overview of products in development, this review aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing efforts in enhancing the therapeutic options available to individuals suffering from DED.

Clinical Intricacies and Advances in Neuroendocrine Tumors: An Organ-Based Multidisciplinary Approach.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells, with increasing incidence due to enhanced detection methods. These tumors display considerable heterogeneity, necessitating diverse management strategies based on factors like organ of origin and tumor size. This article provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic approaches for NENs, emphasizing the role of imaging in treatment decisions. It categorizes tumors based on their locations: gastric, duodenal, pancreatic, small bowel, colonic, rectal, appendiceal, gallbladder, prostate, lung, gynecological, and others. The piece also elucidates the challenges in managing metastatic disease and controversies surrounding MEN1-neuroendocrine tumor management. The article underscores the significance of individualized treatment plans, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

A Critique of the Discursive Turn of Australian Multicultural Policy in the Globalisation Era

This article examines the changing discourses of Australian multicultural policy from the late 1990s until now and discusses their ideological significance under the twin-frames of globalization and Australian political culture. By systematically analyzing the series of policy papers launched by successive governments, it becomes clear that the multicultural policy has completed a discursive turn, deviating from its progressive trajectory of cultural diversity and substantive equality to suit the neo-conservative agenda of national unity and economic productivity. While the strengthened national identity based on the civic model corresponds with the surging tide of social conservatism, the shrinking government funding in this policy area and the utilitarian perception of cultural diversity are tied up with market-oriented reforms, indicating the government's shifting interests from minimizing the existing cultural barriers to maximizing cultural dividends through diversity management strategies.