Diverse Housing Research Articles

Feasibility Research on Low-Rise Apartment and Landed Housing Development within Smart Living Areas in Indonesia’s Secondary City (A Case Research at PT.XYZ)

Indonesia's growing urbanization, population growth, and changing work behaviors have increased the demand for diverse housing options. PT XYZ, established in 2021, plans to meet this demand by developing low-rise apartments and landed housing in smart residential areas in secondary cities. This research aims to assess the feasibility of this project by analyzing market demand, financial performance, and regulatory factors. Using financial models such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), as well as sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, this research evaluates the financial viability of the project. The results show strong profit potential, with a positive NPV and IRR of 57.41%, achieving a payback within four years. The project not only fulfills the housing needs of Millennials and Gen Z, but also aligns with government initiatives to promote home ownership. The implications of this research include improving housing accessibility for young, dynamic demographic groups, such as Millennials and Gen Z, as well as strengthening developer strategies in the face of changing market challenges.

ABOUT THE PROTOTYPOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE DWELLING

Throughout human history, housing has been crucial for human existence, serving as shelter, a symbol of social status, economic prosperity, and cultural identity. Studying archaeological data from different times and peoples has enabled the analysis of the main stages of the development of one of the fundamental values of human material culture - housing. Housing stands as concrete evidence supporting hypotheses and scientific discoveries, offering insights into the life, culture, and traditions of specific epochs. Its extensive evolutionary journey has been shaped significantly by advancements aimed at optimizing living conditions, influenced by societal norms, domestic practices, and scientific advancements. This ongoing evolution has defined housing's architectural characteristics, including differentiation of family, household, functional planning, work, and communal spaces, alongside spatial and expressive architectural elements. It encompasses the development of individual housing units within broader building and settlement frameworks, encompassing diverse housing types and their typological classifications, as well as applying construction and technical methods. This study examines the distinctive typological groups of housing, characterized by their structural underpinnings. These groups are delineated by key factors influencing the inception of formative architectural techniques, such as the early development of functional-planning solutions rooted in familial and regional contexts, and cultural traditions. Additionally, the article explores the architectural evolution of housing, analyzing how prototype components have shaped the phased development of residential functional-planning structures over time. This research contributes to a broader series of investigations into typological evolution of housing, aiming to deepen our understanding of its transformative journey across different historical periods.

3D Printing in Civil Engineering: Pioneering Affordable Housing Solutions

The escalating global housing crisis necessitates innovative solutions that streamline construction processes while enhancing sustainability and reducing costs. This paper explores the transformative potential of 3D printing technologies in the construction of affordable housing within the field of civil engineering. By examining the technical, economic, and environmental dimensions of 3D printed buildings, the study assesses their scalability for mass housing projects and discusses the significant advantages such as reduced waste, increased precision, and the utilization of recycled materials. The paper also highlights the major challenges to widespread adoption, including regulatory issues, material limitations, and workforce training needs. Through various international case studies, it demonstrates how 3D printing is being successfully implemented to address diverse housing needs and align with Sustainable Development Goals. The study concludes with strategic recommendations for overcoming existing barriers and maximizing the technology’s benefits, outlining a future where 3D printing could fundamentally alter the construction landscape.

Beyond ownership: assessing diverse housing typologies and policy interventions for affordable housing in Dilla, Ethiopia

AbstractThis research addresses global housing crisis, a secondary city of Dilla in Ethiopia as a case study. This study seeks to fill the empirical knowledge gap in popular housing typologies and tenure types in urban development in the Global South outside metropolitan areas. Drawing from an in-depth study of 18 households, the focus is on housing choices of middle- and low-income households in a secondary city of Dilla, Ethiopia. Such cities so far have been less in the focus of researchers, compared to capital regions. The studied housing types are tenures of homeownership, private rental and a rent-free model as housing types, with informal arrangements playing a role in the last two types. Our study underlines the necessity of not only acknowledging, repairing and formalizing the existing semi- and informal housing developments but also of proactively planning for peripheral housing developments and future expansion, a strategy with broader applicability to the region and the Global South. Such anticipating measures include the development of water and energy infrastructure, land earmarking for much-needed public rental housing, and the establishment of robust tenant rights through legislative foresight.

Towards inclusive urbanism: An examination of urban environment strategies for enhancing social equity in Chengdu's housing zones

With rapid urbanization, the urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a major problem worldwide. This study focuses on the relationship between Urban Green Space (UGS) and Land Surface Temperature (LST), providing insights into how natural environment, urban construction, and human activities influence this relationship by analyzing housing areas of different tiers. Utilizing the LightGBM machine learning approach, this study takes Chengdu City in Southwest China as a research area and finds that green space has a more significant cooling effect on LST in the middle-market housing and affordable housing areas. Furthermore, within the NDVI range of 0.37 to 0.48, the LST decreases by 0.63℃ for every 0.1 increase. Additionally, the study reveals that urban construction characteristics, such as building density and building height, exert a more significant influence on LST in middle-market housing and affordable housing areas, with a contribution rate of 23.61 % observed in middle-market housing areas and the lowest contribution rate of 17.84 % observed in high-end housing areas. Overall, our research emphasizes the importance of addressing urban thermal disparities, particularly in diverse housing areas, by prioritizing green space augmentation and optimizing built environments, thereby offering actionable insights for equitable and sustainable urban planning.

The Agency of Socially Mixed Neighbourhoods Insights from the Historic Centre of Naples

In a city like Naples, the concept of neighbourhood is continuously negotiated and redefined through everyday practices of urban interaction and through the existence of multiple forms of social capital that animate daily life. In the historic centre of the city the negotiation of the neighbourhoods is influenced by the coexistence and close proximity of different social groups, which compels us to think about the significance of the 'agency of place' and how social difference defines the neighbourhood itself. The diverse housing situations and economic activities shape the characteristics of these central neighbourhoods that, crucially, are not captured in formal, administrative definitions of the city's districts. Through the case of the Condominio Sociale divia S. Nicola a Nilo, a city council housing policy to build a socially inclusive block of flats, this article discusses how the coexistence of various inhabitants, social networks, and spatial relationships represent a fundamental feature of the concept of neighbourhood in Naples. In doing so, the article points to the importance of the 'agency of place' and the maintenance of social heterogeneity as key to inclusive urban policies.

If you build it, who will come? Exploring the effects of rapid transit on residential movements in Metro Vancouver

As cities across the world embrace the benefits of rapid transit technology and invest in the expansion of existing infrastructure or plan for the introduction of new lines, the differences in both benefits and externalities that bus rapid transit (BRT) and rail rapid transit (RRT) bring remain unclear. This study aimed to address that gap and understand whether there was a distinction in impacts on the residential migration of households in different income and residential tenure groups as the result of BRT and RRT projects. This was achieved by exploring the effects of both modes in the same metropolitan region—metro Vancouver. This study used three BRT and three RRT lines that were in service for all or part of the 20 years spanning 1996 through 2016 to assess the rates of in-movement of households by income in Census Tracts (CTs) within 800 meters (½-mile) of a given rapid line. Our analysis suggested that areas adjacent to the Expo-Millennium RRT Corridor saw fewer in-movers between the 2001 Census and the 2016 Census than the areas without rapid transit infrastructure, while the same was true for the CTs affected by BRT lines and that had a larger than average share of new housing while holding everything else (e.g., housing supply) constant. While we did not find evidence to state that the presence of rapid transit infrastructure disproportionately affected any one of the income groups, our analysis suggested that there were more affluent renters moving in along the RRT and BRT lines. At the same time, the share of low-income renters that moved into areas close to rapid transit lines remained relatively stable. This research added a unique perspective to the debate cities and transport agencies have been experiencing with respect to decisions around the investment into different transport technologies and contributed to the argument for the need to carefully plan and provide rapid transit infrastructure together with affordable and diverse housing options.

The Form of Residential Premises Ownership vs. Residential Standard of Seniors in Poland in the Opinion of Residents

Abstract The study addresses the problem of diverse housing conditions experienced by seniors in Poland and equipping their apartments with installations improving the quality of life for people with reduced mobility, taking into account various forms of residential premises ownership: a condominium, a cooperative apartment and a council flat. The study aimed at providing answers to a number of questions, including: what is the readiness to change an apartment into a council flat adapted to the needs of people with mobility limitations, taking into account the current ownership status of the apartment (condominium, cooperative member’s ownership right to residential premises, the right to rent a flat from the council-owned housing resources). The research was conducted in the cities of Wrocław and Jelenia Góra, located in Poland in the Lower Silesia Voivodship. A total of 208 people aged 50 and over were covered by the study. The authors found correlations between access to utilities and facilities in an apartment and the form of ownership of the dwelling. Among other things, the survey found that a toilet in the stairwell and the lack of central heating are much more common in communal apartments than in cooperative apartments and condominiums. Residents also pointed to the need to adapt bathrooms that are located in apartments. Tenants of public housing were also more likely to express a desire to adapt their apartments to the needs of people with limited mobility.

Rent growth near rail stations after the Great Recession

This study provides an incisive analysis of U.S. rail station area rent trends from 2012 to 2016, post-Great Recession. Utilizing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Hierarchical Spatial Autoregressive (HSAR), and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models, it uncovers complex interplays between rent changes and socioeconomic, as well as built environment factors. Key findings reveal that increased rents are associated with walkability, higher housing density, and predominantly White neighborhoods. Conversely, rent decreases correlate with diverse land use, higher Black population percentages, and locations further from rail stations or business districts. These results are critical for understanding rent dynamics in transit-oriented development areas, impacting diverse housing market sectors, including workforce and affordable housing. The study’s regional analysis highlights the need for geographically tailored approaches. This research informs policy on housing development and affordability, aiming to mitigate displacement risks for low-income, transit-dependent communities in gentrifying urban areas.

Housing and gardening: Developing a health equity-focused research agenda

There is increasing evidence of the health and wellbeing benefits of gardening. However, such benefits are not shared equally across groups in the community. It is important from a social justice perspective to understand the contextual factors that influence opportunities to garden, and how they are distributed in society, how well, and to whom. Despite being a primary site in which people garden, little is known about how characteristics of housing (e.g., property rights, dwelling type) may influence gardening opportunities. Identifying housing-related barriers or enablers to gardening could suggest potential strategies to increase participation in gardening or provide gardening opportunities for those with less conducive housing situations. Building on the small body of knowledge of housing characteristics relevant to gardening opportunities and participation, we propose a new research agenda aiming to understand the relationships between housing characteristics, socio-economic status, and gardening. Through identifying ways to engage more people from diverse housing situations and socio-economic positions in the act of gardening, we hope that this new research agenda can help to promote health equity.

Shape grammars and self-built refugee communities: The transformation from tent shelter to customized structure in Irbid Camp

This paper presents research on design challenges in protracted refugee camps, where “temporary” shelters undergo informal transformations, becoming long-term homes and establishing communities. We develop a shape grammar to investigate this phenomenon, focusing on the evolution of refugee housing units in the Irbid Camp in Jordan from the emergency to the transitional and permanent phases. Our parametric shape grammar analyzes and describes the physical characteristics of these units, revealing their dynamic nature. The corpus of the grammar includes 10 diverse housing units that provide a range of insights and opportunities for refugee housing design and planning. The grammar builds a foundation for developing design solutions that mediate transformations and address long-term implications for sustainable and adaptive environments to anticipate self-build processes and better support evolving resident needs in housing layouts.

Willingness to pay for well-being housing attributes driven by design layout: Evidence from Hong Kong

Housing design layout plays a crucial role in occupant well-being, yet existing research has not clearly understood occupants’ preferences for different housing design layout attributes. This study aims to elucidate preferences by measuring demand-side willingness to pay (WTP) for housing attributes related to well-being and influenced by design layout. We first simulate the metrics of five housing attributes under different layouts, i.e., spatial daylight autonomy (sDA), spatial glare autonomy (sGA), natural ventilation effectiveness (NVE), predicted mean vote (PMV), and energy use intensity (EUI). Then, WTP for these attributes is disentangled from housing prices using the hedonic model. The findings demonstrate that a 1 % increase in sDA, sGA, and NVE corresponds to respective increases of 1.342 %, 0.694 %, and 2.842 % in housing prices, showing that residents value greatly the presence of natural ventilation and well-lit spaces with appropriate daylight. However, no significant correlations are found for PMV and EUI, suggesting a lack of a general preference towards thermal comfort or energy consumption in the Hong Kong context. This study contributes to a deeper knowledge of key well-being attributes in housing design as well as practical insights to create housing environments that prioritise occupant well-being and enhance market value. Future research should consider expanding to diverse housing markets, incorporating more well-being attributes, and examining the temporal variations of WTP.

An Optimal House Price Prediction Algorithm: XGBoost

An accurate prediction of house prices is a fundamental requirement for various sectors, including real estate and mortgage lending. It is widely recognized that a property’s value is not solely determined by its physical attributes but is significantly influenced by its surrounding neighborhood. Meeting the diverse housing needs of individuals while balancing budget constraints is a primary concern for real estate developers. To this end, we addressed the house price prediction problem as a regression task and thus employed various machine learning (ML) techniques capable of expressing the significance of independent variables. We made use of the housing dataset of Ames City in Iowa, USA to compare XGBoost, support vector regressor, random forest regressor, multilayer perceptron, and multiple linear regression algorithms for house price prediction. Afterwards, we identified the key factors that influence housing costs. Our results show that XGBoost is the best performing model for house price prediction. Our findings present valuable insights and tools for stakeholders, facilitating more accurate property price estimates and, in turn, enabling more informed decision making to meet the housing needs of diverse populations while considering budget constraints.

UNDERSTANDING “COMMUNITIES” IN COMMUNITY-BASED SENIOR HOUSING MODELS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract Various community-based senior housing models have been developed to enhance social engagement and communal living among older adults, alongside their pursuit of independence and later life well-being. However, a comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of these housing models in cultivating “communities” which are integral to sustaining social ties in later life, remains limited. This scoping review investigated the conceptualization, establishment, and management of communities within diverse housing models, with an emphasis on community-related constructs. This scoping review examined empirical, peer-reviewed studies sourced from PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed, resulting in the inclusion of twenty-one articles. Through thematic analysis, three predominant themes emerged: 1) residents’ well-being and lived experiences within the community (n=13), 2) engagement in communal activities and social programs (n=4), and 3) the spatial design and physical aspects of the community (n=4). We found that the way communities are defined and conceptualized differed across housing models. Also, residents’ individual characteristics (e.g., gender, age, income, health status) influenced their community lives and experiences. Community experiences were often conceptualized as a “sense of community” and “place attachment.” The majority of research focused on the experiences of residents’ communal living and their well-being. Still, some studies focused on how social and physical environments supported and facilitated community lives. This study underscores the need for further research into the dynamics of communities within diverse senior housing facilities. Also, more studies should be conducted on how those communities are formed and maintained to support older adults’ successful social lives in the community.

Adoption of Different Housing Models to Access Housing by Households in Nairobi County

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate adoption of different housing models to access housing by households in Nairobi County.
 Methodology: Employing a descriptive research design, the study investigates the impact of housing regulations on housing access through mortgage and cooperative models. The research sample comprises 385 households, CEOs of housing financing organizations, and government officers.
 Findings: The study reveals that adoption of housing model is shaped by diverse factors. The residency duration reflects both long-term and newer residents, highlighting the dynamic interplay of urban growth and migration. Notably, 35.0% of respondents have lived in their current houses for "4 - 6 years," emphasizing housing stability. The prevalent adoption of the Incremental (34.4%) and Cooperative Models (33.4%), alongside 41.4% awareness of the Mortgage Model, signifies residents' adaptability in navigating financial avenues for homeownership. Challenges like high construction costs persist, with 80% of Nairobi's population residing in informal settlements and slums. Strengthening regulatory frameworks is crucial, and policymakers should address financial barriers. This study provides insights for creating an inclusive and sustainable housing environment, essential for the 59.2% of renters expressing aspirations to transition into homeownership in Nairobi County. In conclusion, the housing landscape in Nairobi County, particularly Ruai Sub-County, reflects a mix of long-term and newer residents, emphasizing housing stability. The prevalent adoption of Incremental and Cooperative Models, along with awareness of the Mortgage Model, indicates residents' adaptability in pursuing homeownership.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Utilizing the Public Interest Economic Regulation Theory (PIERT), the Q Theory of Housing Investment, and the Theory of Distributive Justice, the research explores the interplay between government regulations, market forces, and social equity in the context of affordable housing. To address challenges, policymakers should strengthen regulatory frameworks, enhance financial policies, and promote diverse housing models. Public awareness campaigns are vital. Recommendations include tailored financial products and inclusive strategies to meet the varied needs of the population. These measures aim to create an enabling environment for accessible and sustainable housing in Nairobi County, benefiting both existing and aspiring homeowners.

Challenges Hampering Adoption of Different Housing Models to Access Housing by Households in Nairobi County

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the challenges hindering the adoption of diverse housing models for household access to housing in Nairobi County, Kenya. Utilizing the Public Interest Economic Regulation Theory (PIERT), the Q Theory of Housing Investment, and the Theory of Distributive Justice, the research explores the interplay between government regulations, market forces, and social equity in the context of affordable housing.
 Methodology: Employing a descriptive research design, the study investigates the impact of housing regulations on housing access through mortgage and cooperative models. The research sample comprises 385 households, CEOs of housing financing organizations, and government officers. By analyzing the usage prevalence of housing models, the study delves into challenges such as high-interest rates, limited mortgage financing access, and insufficient awareness about housing options. The research employs a nuanced approach, considering the competitive dynamics within the housing sector and the need for equitable resource distribution.
 Findings: The study reveals that the mortgage model is most prevalent (41.4%), followed by the incremental model (28.0%) and cooperative model (23.7%). High-interest rates, restricted mortgage financing access, and inadequate awareness about housing options emerge as significant challenges hampering housing model adoption. Additionally, housing regulations, vital for safety, impact affordability, with 39.2% of respondents acknowledging this influence. 
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study contributes valuable insights to the existing body of knowledge by synthesizing the PIER, Q Theory of Housing Investment, and Theory of Distributive Justice. The study therefore validates these theories by offering a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between regulations, market dynamics, and social equity in the adoption of affordable housing models. The recommendations, including lowering mortgage interest rates, enhancing financing access, promoting awareness about housing models, and fostering collaborative efforts among stakeholders, provide actionable strategies for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers to improve housing access in Nairobi County.

Millennials in Slums: Housing Career Approach Towards Livable Housing in Muja-Muju Urban Village, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

The millennial generation (born 1982-2000) who currently dominates the population has a tendency to have diverse housing needs. However, the unaffordability of housing can create problems, such as inadequate housing. This phenomenon occurs in the slum area of Muja-Muju Urban Village. Based on these problems, this study aims to determine the housing preferences of millennials in the slum area of Muja-Muju Urban Village towards livable housing through a housing career approach. This study adopted a quantitative method with frequency distribution and comparative descriptive analysis by comparing the housing conditions based on indicators also considered the millenial preferences. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires directly to 109 respondents and observation. The results showed that the housing career pattern during the life cycle tends to stagnate. Besides, the average existing land plots/buildings were only 37-48 m2 and 43.2% exceeds the standard residential capacity. There were 55.6% of the millennials chose to live in existing housing because of its strategic location. Referring to the housing career characteristics, the millennial generation cannot afford livable housing in other areas which can lead to irregular buildings due to high density. This condition has not been investigated in previous studies, so the results are important for preventing the return of slums.

THE ELDERLY QUALITY OF LIFE (E-QoL) AND RETIREMENT VILLAGE PREFERRED FEATURES BY MALAYSIAN GENERATIONS

Along with the continuous growth of the elderly population, Malaysia projected to become an ageing nation by 2030. The Retirement Villages are a Restricted Ageing Community that offers a complete range of services supplying the diverse housing demand of the elderly (seniors) generation. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified four broad domains universally relevant to the Quality of Life: physical and psychological health, social relationships, and environment. This study aims to provide an in-depth overview of the Retirement Villages in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are sets as follows: (i) To define the Elderly Quality of Life (QoL), and (ii) To determine the generational preferences features of Retirement Village in Malaysia. The Malaysian housing generations involved in this study are the Baby Boomers, Generation X (Gen-X), Generation Y (Gen-Y), and Generation Z (Gen-Z). With a mixed-methods approach, the derived findings revealed that preferred generational features of Retirement Villages are diverse for each main feature; (i) Location; (ii) Services; (iii) Design Criteria; (iv) Physical Environment; and (v) Social Activities. This study contributes more understanding of the main actors of property development and the real estate industry players on the preferred features for Retirement Villages in the Malaysian context.

The effects of housing providers' diversity and tenure conversion on social mix

In many countries, achieving social mixing through a mix of housing tenures became a central strategy in socially inclusive urban renaissance initiatives. While several studies have explored the relationship between tenure and social mix, they often treat social and affordable housing as a homogeneous segment, neglecting the diversity of housing providers and their individualized housing allocation strategies. There is limited understanding of the role of diverse housing providers in creating social mix. This paper aims to address this gap by examining how the presence of different types of social and affordable housing providers impacts the level of social mix and the changes in social mix resulting from tenure conversions in the housing stock owned by different providers. Using population census data in 1988 and 2002 from Warsaw, Poland, from two periods characterized by different housing policies and tenures, the paper argues that social mix was primarily associated with a combination of housing tenures and property ownership, but only in 2002. The findings suggest that limitations on tenure conversions are necessary to achieve long-term social mix. In addition, there is a need for affordable housing providers to diversify and specialize in addressing changing housing needs and dynamic housing aspirations.

Mobility and Choices in Urban Housing

The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Urban (PMAY-U) emerged as a bold programme initiative catering to the diverse housing demand of an aspirational urban population of the country. This article analyses the choices beneficiaries made on the types of houses and how they shaped the design and evolution of the PMAY-U, Housing for All Mission. It builds on the narrative that cities in India have both static and kinetic traits. The static trait accrues from the physical infrastructure, whereas the kinetic is a manifestation of the growing socio-economic aspirations of the people, creating spaces for demand-driven housing policies. It then explains the design and implementation of the policy: PMAY-U. The article subsequently takes up the role of the government and the role of stakeholders in the housing development narrative. It presents spatial evidence as to how PMAY-U is giving rise to new urban geographies which are driven by the need and demand of the beneficiaries.