Diverse Approaches Research Articles

Effect of different synbiotic administration methods on growth, carcass characteristics, ileum histomorphometry, and blood biochemistry of Cobb-500 broilers.

To combat enteric infections and antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry, researchers seek alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as growth promoters. Synbiotics support probiotic growth through the supply of essential nutrients. The study's objectives were to assess the most effective delivery methods for synbiotics and evaluate their growth, histomorphometric, and hematological impacts on Cobb-500 broilers. Two studies, independently conducted, employed a completely randomized design. One hundred and eighty viable eggs in the first trial were assigned to three groups: Control (T1), sterile water (T2), and synbiotic in sterile water (T3). On the 21st day of hatching, hatchability, day-old body weights, and ileum samples for histomorphometric analysis were recorded. In the second trial, out of 500 viable eggs, 200 eggs were fed in ovo with synbiotics (PoultryStar® sol, Biomin Singapore Pte Ltd, Singapore) on 17.5 days and 300 were set aside without in ovo injection. The treatments were control (T1), in water synbiotic (T2), in ovo synbiotic (T3), combination of in ovo synbiotic and synbiotic in feed (T4), and synbiotic in feed only (T5). On 21 and 42 days, blood, ileum, and visceral organ samples were collected for laboratory analysis. Data on weight gain, daily feed intake, and water consumption were recorded for 42 days. The initial experiment's results revealed a decrease in hatchability, slight weight increase, and significant intestinal morphological changes with the use of an in ovo synbiotic. Applying synbiotic through various methods in the second trial yielded better growth results, lower blood cholesterol, and significantly longer (p < 0.05) villi on 21 days. Using the in ovo method to administer synbiotics lowered hatchability. Use of synbiotics with any method or in combination enhances growth, ileum structure, dressing yield, feed efficiency, and cholesterol levels in blood. Synbiotics enhance gut health and overall performance in broilers when used through diverse approaches.

Approaches to policy framing: deepening a conversation across perspectives

Since Rein and Schön developed their approach to policy framing analysis in the1990s, a range of approaches to policy framing have emerged to inform our understanding of policy processes. Prior attempts to illuminate the diversity of approaches to framing in public policy have largely “stayed in their lane,” making distinctions in approaches within shared epistemic communities. The aim in this paper is to map different approaches to framing used in policy sciences journals, to articulate what each contributes to the understanding of the policy process, and to provide a heuristic to aid in deciding how to use the diverse approaches in framing analysis and to further the dialogue across different approaches. To develop the heuristic, we manually coded and analyzed 68 articles published between 1997 and 2018 using “frame” or “framing” in their title or abstract from four policy journals: Critical Policy Studies, Journal of European Public Policy, Policy Sciences, and Policy Studies Journal. We identified five approaches, which we label: sensemaking, discourse, contestation, explanatory and institutional. We have found that these approaches do not align with a simple binary between interpretive and positivist but show variation, particularly along the lines of aims, methodology and methods. In the discussion, we suggest that these five approaches raise four key questions that animate framing studies in policy analysis: (1) Do frames influence policies or are policies manifestations of framing? (2) What is the role of frame contestation in policy conflict? (3) How can the study of frames or framing reveal unheard voices? And (4) how do certain frames/framings become dominant? By introducing these questions, we offer a fresh way scholars might discuss frames and framing in the policy sciences across approaches, to highlight the distinct yet complementary ways they illuminate policy processes.

Towards a Versatile and Impactful Qualitative Research Paradigm: A Comprehensive Guide to Grounded Theory for Organizational Researchers

Cathy Urquhart's Grounded Theory for Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide (2nd ed.) provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the grounded theory methodology. The book explores the historical development of grounded theory, its diverse approaches, and applications, empowering readers to make informed decisions about the research method. Urquhart emphasizes the importance of reflexivity, theoretical sensitivity, and the role of the researcher, encouraging a participant-centered approach. The book's coverage of key concepts, practical exercises, and strategies for overcoming challenges make it an indispensable resource for researchers and teachers in fields like information systems and organizational studies. Urquhart also highlights promising avenues for the future development of grounded theory, such as the integration of digital technologies and cross-cultural applications.

Motion Graphics in Visual Communication: Unveiling Creative Strategies in Contemporary Digital Design

This research delves into the transformative role of motion graphics within the realm of visual communication, underscoring its evolution from traditional to contemporary digital design. Rather than merely talking about historical developments, technological advancements, and present practices, the study delineates how motion graphics apply narrative and introduces interactive elements, which in the end lead to greater relevant communication in most digital media types. Taking a diverse methodological approach, it combines historical research and case studies to illustrate the interaction between art and technology, showcases the potential of motion graphics as a source of graphic narration that is both emotive and informative. The results show that it is more needed than ever before for motion graphics creation to take innovations and developments into account along with the creative strategies to achieve widespread experiences. This is the goal of the study bringing to the conversation about digital designs, the argument that motion graphics are the border of visual communications in the world today, while trying to forecast the future trends to get an application multidisciplinary.

Analysis of Prescription Pattern of Anti-diabetic Medications in a Teaching Hospital in North India.

This retrospective observational study aimedto comprehensively analyse the clinical profile and treatment modalities of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were treatedat a tertiary care centre. The study included a cohort of 300 individuals who sought medical care at the hospital from January 2023 to January 2024. The analysis primarily examined parameters such as the mean number of anti-diabetic medications per prescription, the proportion of various categories of anti-diabetic medications prescribed, the predominant class and type of anti-diabetic medications prescribed, and the proportion of anti-diabetic medications prescribed from the essential drug lists. The age distribution demonstrated that 52.0% of participants were above 60 years old, showcasing a substantial elderly representation. Gender distribution emphasized a male predominance at 65.0%, highlighting potential gender-specific implications in type II diabetes. The blood profile analysis of patients with T2DM revealed a range of values for key parameters. Fasting blood glucose levels ranged from a minimum of 101 mg/dL to a maximum of 359 mg/dL, with a mean of 180.01 mg/dl. The comprehensive analysis of anti-diabetic drug utilization, based on the total number of units prescribed, sheds light on the diverse treatment approaches employed for managing diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin, comprising 31.3% of the total units, plays a pivotal role in glycemic control, with both regular and biphasic formulations contributing significantly at 26.3% and 9.3%, respectively. Among the 300 patients, the overall utilization of anti-diabetic drugs reveals that 38.7% of individuals are using a combination of insulin with oral anti-diabetic drugs, while 61.3% are relying on oral anti-diabetic drugs alone. The most frequently prescribed drug combinations for diabetes management include sulphonylurea with biguanides, emerging as the most prevalent combination with 22 occurrences. The study's findings contribute valuable insights into the socio-demographic profiles and anti-diabetic drug utilization patterns among diabetes patients.

Uniturbulence statistics and analysis of factors influencing the energy spectrum

This paper investigates the dynamics of unidirectionally propagating surface Alfvén waves, employing magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations and statistical methodologies. The primary goal of this work is to enhance our understanding of the nonlinear self-cascade of surface Alfvén waves, which we term as uniturbulence, by unraveling the complex relationships between various length scales and their interplay with turbulent energy transfer mechanisms. To achieve this, we extensively analyze the phenomenon of uniturbulence using methods such as power spectrum analysis, radially averaged Fourier transform, and kurtosis. We employ these techniques to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions of kinetic and magnetic energy in uniturbulent flows. We also reveal the crucial role of the density contrast's variations and the role of Yaglom's law in characterizing energy transfer mechanisms. Our findings reveal that the inertial range of the perpendicular kinetic energy and magnetic energy along the z-axis depicts a progressive change in slope values, ultimately approaching the often-observed values of −5/3 and −3/2, respectively. Furthermore, our kurtosis analysis highlights the non-Gaussian behavior of the flow field at different length scales and over time, offering a perspective on uniturbulence dynamics. The correlations observed among diverse statistical approaches emphasize the complex interplay between different length scales in the context of uniturbulence. Our findings contribute to understanding this phenomenon, establishing a basis for future investigations to clarify the connections regulating these turbulent dynamics.

Flow cytometer for a dilution-free measurement approach with sample recollection.

Blood testing using flow cytometry is a common and rapid method for the initial screening and diagnosis of patients. Measurements are often combined with other scientific techniques, and analyzed samples are commonly diluted and discarded afterward. When the sample is recollected instead, sample dilution is a challenge when the sample is intended or needed for additional measurements. Therefore, it is advantageous to recollect the undiluted sample. In order to enable measurements of the same undiluted sample aliquot, we designed and constructed a purpose-built flow cytometer. Our instrument employs syringes, acoustic focusing, and an open fluidics system to recollect and reuse the unadulterated sample. The cytometer is compact, which reduces sample consumption. It acquires forward, sideward, and fluorescence signals, offering opportunities for diverse measurement approaches. In particular, our cytometer has been designed to be ready for additional downstream analysis of cells, e.g., applying mass spectrometry, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, or other analytical tools. This study presents results on instrument performance, a comparison with a cytometer that uses standard hydrodynamic focusing, and a proof of concept for multiple measurements.

Navigating uncertainty in maximum body size in marine metazoans.

Body size is a fundamental biological trait shaping ecological interactions, evolutionary processes, and our understanding of the structure and dynamics of marine communities on a global scale. Accurately defining a species' body size, despite the ease of measurement, poses significant challenges due to varied methodologies, tool usage, and subjectivity among researchers, resulting in multiple, often discrepant size estimates. These discrepancies, stemming from diverse measurement approaches and inherent variability, could substantially impact the reliability and precision of ecological and evolutionary studies reliant on body size data across extensive species datasets. This study examines the variation in reported maximum body sizes across 69,570 individual measurements of maximum size, ranging from <0.2 μm to >45 m, for 27,271 species of marine metazoans. The research aims to investigate how reported maximum size variations within species relate to organism size, taxonomy, habitat, and the presence of skeletal structures. The investigation particularly focuses on understanding why discrepancies in maximum size estimates arise and their potential implications for broader ecological and evolutionary studies relying on body size data. Variation in reported maximum sizes is zero for 38% of species, and low for most species, although it exceeds two orders of magnitude for some species. The likelihood of zero variation in maximum size decreased with more measurements and increased in larger species, though this varied across phyla and habitats. Pelagic organisms consistently had low maximum size range values, while small species with unspecified habitats had the highest variation. Variations in maximum size within a species were notably smaller than interspecific variation at higher taxonomic levels. Significant variation in maximum size estimates exists within marine species, and partially explained by organism size, taxonomic group, and habitat. Variation in maximum size could be reduced by standardized measurement protocols and improved meta-data. Despite the variation, egregious errors in published maximum size measurements are rare, and their impact on comparative macroecological and macroevolutionary research is likely minimal.

Accounting and COVID-19: A systematic review of the literature

Purpose: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, research on the phe-nomenon has exploded across every discipline, including accounting. This paper aims to provide a systematic literature review of the research that has examined the various impacts of COVID-19 within the accounting realm. Design/methodology/approach: Through a systematic selection, classification, and thematic analysis of 294 articles on COVID-19 in accounting, this paper of-fers an overview of the journals, methods, themes, and impacts of this emerging literature. Findings: The review organizes a massive body of research that has explored the effects of the pandemic on accounting from diverse perspectives and approaches. It provides insights into how this research stream has rapidly developed, the main themes covered, and the role played by special issues in prompting timely research on this urgent matter. Originality/value: This is the most comprehensive literature review on COVID-19 in accounting. It organizes the extensive and rapid knowledge production by iden-tifying themes and highlighting the driving force of special issues. In doing so, it also offers suggestions for potential avenues of future research.

Privatization of airports and model of public-private cooperation

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of public-private cooperation at airports, delving into several key aspects of this partnership model. It examines privatization models implemented in various countries globally, shedding light on the diverse approaches adopted in different regions. Additionally, the article offers insights into the intricacies of public-private collaboration, using airports as a prime example. By exploring the nuances of such partnerships, it aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms that drive successful cooperation between governmental bodies and private entities within the aviation sector.

TYPOLOGY OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RADIO PROGRAMS

The typology of cultural and educational radio programs reflects the diverse approaches and methodologies employed in broadcasting to disseminate cultural knowledge and educational content. This article explores the various types of cultural and educational radio programs, examining their characteristics, objectives, and impact on listeners. It highlights the significance of these programs in promoting cultural awareness, lifelong learning, and social cohesion.

Report on the 4th Workshop on Reducing Online Misinformation through Credible Information Retrieval (ROMCIR 2024) at ECIR 2024

The 4th Workshop on Reducing Online Misinformation through Credible Information Retrieval (ROMCIR 2024) was part of the Satellite Events of the 46th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2024). ROMCIR served as a platform for discussions on accessing accurate information and addressing the issue of information disorder prevalent in the online landscape at that time. In general, the challenge is multifaceted, encompassing various types of information sources (e.g., websites, social media posts, ...) across different platforms and domains (e.g., fake news detection, health-related information retrieval, propaganda reduction). Additionally, in this edition, the critical need to assess the impact of generative models like Large Language Models (LLMs) on inadvertently amplifying misinformation and explore their potential role in supporting Information Retrieval Systems (IRSs) began to emerge. In this context, diverse approaches to the problem of access to truthful information found their place. Keynote speech and articles in this year's workshop mainly focused on themes such as health misinformation, multimedia and multimodal fact-checking, and information filtering to combat misinformation. Date : 24 March 2024. Website : https://romcir.disco.unimib.it/.

Exploring help-seeking pathways and disparities in substance use disorder care in India: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity in the population. In low- and medium-income countries like India, there is a wide treatment gap for SUD. A multicentric study on the care pathways for SUD in India can help to understand service provision, service utilization, and challenges to improve existing SUD care in India. We aimed to map pathways to care in SUD. We compared the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients who first consulted specialized services versus other medical services. This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive, consenting adults (18-65 years) with SUD registered to each of the nine participating addiction treatment services distributed across five Indian regions. We adapted the World Health Organization's pathway encounter form. Of the 998 participants, 98% were males, 49.4% were rural, and 20% were indigenous population. Addiction services dominated initial (50%) and subsequent (60%) healthcare contacts. One in five contacted private for-profit healthcare. Primary care contact was rare (5/998). Diverse approaches included traditional healers (4-6%) and self-medication (2-8%). There was a 3-year delay in first contact; younger, educated individuals with opioid dependence preferred specialized services. There is a need to strengthen public healthcare infrastructure and delivery systems and integrate SUD treatment into public healthcare.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Life Cycle of Tourist Destinations from Tour Operators and Hoteliers' Perspectives

Purpose: This study explores the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector and tourist destinations by expanding the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC) model, thus providing a more comprehensive understanding of the pandemic's influence on destination and insights for developing effective revitalization strategies for tourism destinations. Design/methodology/approach: Employing a qualitative research approach, the study utilizes the TALC model to conduct qualitative interviews with tour operators and hoteliers, aiming to gather nuanced insights into the im-pacts of the pandemic on tourism destinations. Nine tour operators and four hoteliers participated in the online interviews. Data analysis was driven by the interview responses, and thematic analysis was guided by concepts of the COVID-19 pandemic impacts and the six stages of Butler's TALC model. Findings: Severe impact of the pandemic on tourism businesses, encompassing a decline in tourist arrivals, business closures, and substantial job and income loss. Tourist destination impacts can be classified into four distinct stages― stagnation, exploration, involvement, development, and consolidation providing a structured framework for inter―preting the evolving dynamics of tourism destinations. Contextual issues and diverse approaches are suggested to revitalize tourist destinations in order remain attractive, competitive, and sustainable. Research limitations/implications: The restriction of the sample size to only two tourism sectors and generalizing findings due to the exploratory and qualitative nature of the research. Originality/value: It provides insightful of pandemic impacts on tourist destination and relevant strategies, drawing upon Butler's theory. The practical implications for destination management and stakeholder engagement are in-strumental in shaping the development of effective destination management strategies.

Synthetic and Natural Radioprotective Agents: Recent Status and their Underlying Mechanism of Action.

Various substances possessing radiation scavenging properties, known as radioprotectors, play a crucial role in shielding organisms from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation (IR) by preventing cellular damage caused by free radicals. Initially, synthetic radioprotectors were developed using thiol synthetic compounds. However, among these, only amifostine (WR-2721) underwent clinical testing as a radioprotector. Various composites with different chemical structures other than thiol compounds were also investigated. However, synthetic radioprotectors are known to be associated with severe side effects, which lead to an inclination towards natural substances. Plants and natural products have emerged as promising sources of radioprotectors, renowned for their non-toxic nature across a broad range of doses and their cost-effectiveness. Radioprotectors are employed in diverse pharmaceutical approaches to mitigate the toxicities induced by radiation. The present review encompasses a detailed account of various synthetic and naturally occurring compounds possessing radioprotective properties, and different investigations related to their radioprotective action, ranging from free radicals scavenging to gene therapy, have also been precisely covered. Numerous radioprotectors have different mechanisms of action, and have proven benefits of naturally occurring compounds over chemically synthesized ones.

Estimating Position-Dependent and Anisotropic Diffusivity Tensors from Molecular Dynamics Trajectories: Existing Methods and Future Outlook.

Confinement can substantially alter the physicochemical properties of materials by breaking translational isotropy and rendering all physical properties position-dependent. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have proven instrumental in characterizing such spatial heterogeneities and probing the impact of confinement on materials' properties. For static properties, this is a straightforward task and can be achieved via simple spatial binning. Such an approach, however, cannot be readily applied to transport coefficients due to lack of natural extensions of autocorrelations used for their calculation in the bulk. The prime example of this challenge is diffusivity, which, in the bulk, can be readily estimated from the particles' mobility statistics, which satisfy the Fokker-Planck equation. Under confinement, however, such statistics will follow the Smoluchowski equation, which lacks a closed-form analytical solution. This brief review explores the rich history of estimating profiles of the diffusivity tensor from MD simulations and discusses various approximate methods and algorithms developed for this purpose. Besides discussing heuristic extensions of bulk methods, we overview more rigorous algorithms, including kernel-based methods, Bayesian approaches, and operator discretization techniques. Additionally, we outline methods based on applying biasing potentials or imposing constraints on tracer particles. Finally, we discuss approaches that estimate diffusivity from mean first passage time or committor probability profiles, a conceptual framework originally developed in the context of collective variable spaces describing rare events in computational chemistry and biology. In summary, this paper offers a concise survey of diverse approaches for estimating diffusivity from MD trajectories, highlighting challenges and opportunities in this area.

INNOVATING LITERARY EDUCATION: A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO TEACHING FOREIGN LITERATURE IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES

In the dynamic field of education, the teaching of foreign literature faces challenges. In Scandinavia, known for high-quality education, innovative methods are crucial for instilling a deep appreciation for global literary works. This article explores diverse approaches to enhance engagement, cultural understanding and critical thinking among students. Leveraging audio-visual resources, including videos and interactive presentations, creates a vibrant learning environment in Scandinavian classrooms. This fosters a deeper connection between students and foreign literature, resonating with the tech-savvy younger generation. In embracing the digital age, teachers use online platforms and tools like discussion forums and virtual book clubs to encourage interactive engagement. These digital tools enhance critical thinking and analytical skills by exploring diverse perspectives. Immersive VR literature tours allow students to virtually step into the settings of foreign literary works, providing a unique and memorable learning experience. This stimulates creativity and deepens understanding of cultural and historical contexts. Recognizing language diversity, utilizing high-quality translations broadens access to foreign literature. This inclusive approach allows students to appreciate literary expression across linguistic boundaries. Guiding students in creating digital storytelling projects using podcasts, videos, and blogs enhances creativity and communication skills. This hands-on approach prepares students for the modern digital world. Infusing play into literary education through quizzes and interactive simulations makes the study of foreign literature enjoyable and engaging. In conclusion, innovative methods in Scandinavian countries aim to cultivate globally aware individuals. These multifaceted approaches not only enhance the study of foreign literature but also foster critical thinking, cultural understanding, and a lifelong love for literature. By integrating multimedia, embracing digital tools, and promoting interactive learning, teachers in Scandinavia ensure their students embark on a literary journey that transcends borders, enriching their intellectual and cultural horizons in an evolving educational landscape.

Strategi Pemasaran PT Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Cemara Asri dalam Menawarkan Produk Pembiayaan Pra Pensiun Guna Menarik Minat Nasabah

The purpose of this study was to determine effective marketing strategies in offering pre-pension financing products by PT Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Cemara Asri and increasing customer interest in this product. This study also aims to determine how effective marketing strategies can increase bank income and improve the quality of Islamic financial services. In this study, researchers applied a qualitative method that prioritizes data collection through field study techniques or field research. This approach was chosen to obtain an in-depth understanding of the obstacles faced by Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Cemara Asri in marketing pre-retirement financing products. Qualitative methods allow researchers to dive into the perspectives of various related parties and analyze effective marketing strategies to increase customer interest in these products. effective marketing strategies for PT Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Cemara Asri for pre-retirement financing products involve an integrated and diverse approach. The steps include increasing public education about the product, strengthening digital promotion, establishing cooperation with companies, and organizing seminars and education to the public.

VISUAL SIGNS ON THE BILLBOARD OF BALI ARTS FESTIVAL XLV YEAR 2023 : PEIRCE SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS

This study is aimed at examining the visual signs found on the billboard of the Bali Arts Festival XLV Year 2023 using Charles Sander Peirce's semiotics approach. In an effort to understand how messages are communicated to the audience, an analysis is conducted on the icons, indexes, and symbols that appear in the design of the billboard. Through qualitative descriptive methods, the visual elements in the billboard are separated and observed, then analyzed using Peirce's semiotics framework. The results of the analysis indicate that the theme "Segara Kerthi" (Ocean of Harmony) is successfully represented in the billboard by using icons such as the illustration of Gajah Mina, which symbolizes the protector of the sanctity of the sea, indexes such as the rising sun, which depicts hope and a new beginning, and symbols such as government logos and social media icons that reflect support and technological advancement. These visual signs provide profound meanings related to the protection and appreciation of the sea as a source of life and civilization. In conclusion, this analysis provides a deeper understanding of how the visual signs in this billboard create a strong cultural identity, educate, and capture the audience's attention. This research offers a positive contribution to the analysis of visual communication works and has the potential to be further developed with diverse theoretical approaches and disciplines.

From popularity to preservation: large carnivore potential for ecosystem conservation

Abstract Conservation efforts are challenged by lack of funding and ambiguity in strategic prioritisation. Flagship species generate public attention but may not adequately represent and protect biodiversity. Integrating species‐centric approaches with area‐based strategies may refine conservation outcomes and could improve achievements towards biodiversity targets. We present this case for a globally appealing flagship species, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). We identified research trends and gaps, and estimated the biodiversity value associated with cheetah occurrence throughout its free‐ranging distribution. Although the existing body of literature encompasses insights from diverse interdisciplinary approaches, current knowledge is mostly derived from a limited number of localised study areas, whereas most populations are understudied. Cheetahs inhabit more than half of Africa's ecoregions and their contemporary occurrence coincides with areas valuable for biodiversity conservation, in particular, closer to the equator where ecoregions are poorly protected and human footprint is high. Cheetah conservation efforts could yield substantial biodiversity benefits, particularly outside protected areas, thereby complementing current area protection networks. Growing pressures on remaining habitat will require adaptive conservation strategies; hence, it becomes imperative to embrace a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to the protection of cheetahs, a flagship species for drylands and landscapes shared with humans.