Disturbance Of Blood Circulation Research Articles

Free radicals level, antioxidative activity changes dynamic in patients with different brain vessels damage

Under the conditions of pro- and antioxidative status destabilization considerable changes of brain vessels were observed, which caused serious breaks of blood circulation in the brain. The main subject of our study was the pro- and antioxidant activity state evaluation in patients with acute break of brain blood circulation of hemorragic and ishemic type. The oxidant activity increase already on the first stages of the process was established. In the patients with acute disturbance of blood circulation of ishemic type, the oxidant activity increased on 5–7th day of therapy, while in the case of hemorragic type — on 1st–2nd days. Both types of vascular pathology were characterized through decreased level of antioxidant, especially fermentative, activity. Neurosurgical intervention partially normalized the pro- and antioxidant status of the patients.

Near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive optical method for in vivo measurement of regional brain tissue oxygenation. Light from the near-infrared spectrum can penetrate the skull and is mainly absorbed by oxyhaemoglobin (O(2)Hb) and desoxyhaemoglobin (HHb). From the amount of reflected near-infrared light in relation to the amount absorbed by brain tissue, regional changes in O(2)Hb and HHb concentrations can be calculated spectrophotometrically. It has been shown that NIRS is not only able to measure massive disturbances in cerebral blood circulation due to serious neurological diseases, but that it also is sensitive enough to assess task-specific patterns of activation in healthy subjects during circumscribed cognitive processes. Preliminary investigations indicate altered regional brain tissue oxygenation in psychiatric patients during cognitive activation tasks. The NIRS outmatches other functional imaging methods in that it has no side effects and is well tolerated by psychiatric patients. Furthermore, it can be applied quickly and easily. Thus, NIRS is a potential screening method in psychiatric settings, provided that robust parameters of reliable diagnostic and/or prognostic value can be developed for individual psychiatric illnesses. However, this will depend on broader application of the method combined with established neurophysiological procedures and functional imaging techniques in psychiatric research.

Stimulation of Blood Circulation in Extremity Tissues Using Repeated Osteoperforations (Experimental and Clinical Study)

The state ofperipheral blood circulation of lower extremities after repeated osteoperforations was conducted in experiment (28 dogs) and in clinic (24 patients with chronic ischemic disease) using modern methods. It was shown that simple and low invasive surgical intervention for the creation of multiple reparative regeneration and reactive hyperemia foci provides stable improvement of regional hemodynamic and tissue metabolism both in compensated and decompensated disturbances of blood circulation in extremities.

Pathogenic factors of blood circulation disturbance in lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and mechanism of Tuina manipulation in promoting circulation

Tuina manipulation has long been used in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, although its therapeutic mechanisms remain uncertain. The specific characteristic syndrome of this disease is lumbocrural pain in varying degrees, which is due to mechanical compression, aseptic inflammation, blood circulation disturbance and dystrophy. These factors can act on the involved nerve roots and give rise to nerve conduction disturbance. Since the blood circulation disturbance and nerve roots dystrophy are the most important pathogenic aspects of this disease, the therapeutic effect of Tuina manipulation on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is related to them directly or indirectly.

Prognostic value of dyslipoproteinemias at cerebral blood circulation disturbances in elderly people according to long-term observation data

Prognostic value of dyslipoproteinemias at cerebral blood circulation disturbances in elderly people according to long-term observation data

Complex regional pain syndrome. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia

Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) occur as the inadequate response to painful trauma in a distal extremity. With CRPS I (sympathetic reflex dystrophy), no lesion of the nerve is present. Aside from sensory disturbances, burning deep spontaneous pain and mechanical allodynia are characteristic. Disturbances in the skin blood circulation, sweating, edema, and trophic disturbances of the skin, joints, and bones are typical. Reduction in muscle strength, tremor, and late dystonic changes comprise the motor disturbances. All symptoms are distributed in the distal extremity and not limited to the region of the peripheral nerves. Complex regional pain syndrome II (causalgia), develops following a partial peripheral nerve lesion. The distally generalized symptoms are identical. Successful therapy depends on an early start of interdisciplinary treatment. In addition to the pain therapy, physiotherapy plays a decisive role in rehabilitation. During the acute phase, freedom from pain at rest and retrogression of the edema must be achieved. With slight spontaneous pain, a conservative therapeutic method may be applied (analgesics, rest, raised position). In case of insufficient improvement and in difficult cases, the effect of intervention (sympathetic blockade) should be tested and possibly a blockade series performed. After reduced spontaneous pain, physiotherapy should be increased stepwise.

Histomorphological alterations in organs of the plaicePleuronectes obscurus from a polluted part of Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan

This paper describes the results of a histological study of the internal organs of the plaicePleuronectes obscurus from a polluted part of Amurskii Bay, Sea of Japan. A variety of histomorphological alterations were found in the gills and liver, while the kidney and spleen were affected to a lesser degree. The most frequent lesions in gills were edemas of gill lamellae, epithelial detachments, fusions of the secondary lamellae, hypertrophies and hyperplasias of respiratory cells, pigment accumulations, the presence of parasites, increased quantities of mucous cells, lymphocyte infiltrations, and disturbances of blood circulation. Characteristic morphological changes in the liver were lipid and hydropic dystrophy, pigment accumulation, and the presence of regenerative and necrotic foci. Telangiectasia, globate filaments, and xenomas were found in the gills ofP. obscurus for the first time. These morphological alterations appear to be a result of the chronic effect of pollution in Amurskii Bay.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Flowing Erythrocytes in Hepatic Sinusoids as Revealed by “in Vivo Cryotechnique”

Abstract The flowing behavior of individual erythrocytes in blood vessels is usually determined by their deformability, which is controlled mainly by the nature of their interior constituents and the flexibility of their surface membrane. Moreover, the physical behavior of erythrocytes passing through capillaries has been examined in vivo by light microscopy. However, little has been known about ultrastructural changes of such erythrocyte shapes flowing in blood vessels in vivo. Recently, a new technique was developed for freezing cells and tissues in vivo without stopping the blood supply, which was referred to as “in vivo cryotechnique”.This method has been also suitable for obtaining informations about dynamic morphological changes. Seven female Balb/c mice were anesthetized peritoneally with sodium pentobarbital (100μg/g body weight), and their abdomen was opened through a pararectus incision. For artificial cardiac arrest, some mice were anesthetized with an excessive dose of the anesthetic (500μg/g body weight), their respiration and heart-beat were completely stopped, and the following procedures were done within one minute. A liver was put on a plastic plate without disturbance of blood circulation, and the “in vivo cryotechnique” was performed. Briefly, a cryoknife was pushed into the liver as fast as possible and the tissue was immediately poured with liquid isopentane-propane mixture (-193°C) (Fig.la,b).

Hemorrhages in Muscles of Broiler Chickens: The Relationships Among Blood Variables at Various Rearing Temperature Regimens

Hemorrhages in muscle tissue can be considered as major quality defects of broiler carcasses. They can be induced by stunning, especially electrical stunning. The underlying mechanism, however, is considered to be multifactorial. In this study, the effect of blood circulation disturbances on the severity of hemorrhages induced by electrical stunning was investigated. The disturbances were evoked in two genetically different, fast-growing broiler strains, Ross and Hybro, by rearing the broilers at low ambient temperatures. The broilers were slaughtered by two different electrical stunning methods. Broilers reared at low temperatures showed changes in blood variables and heart weight known to be associated with blood circulation disturbances. There was no effect of rearing temperature on hemorrhage severity. Ross broilers, being the most susceptible to low temperatures, had less severe hemorrhages than Hybro broilers. There was, however, a clear effect of the stunning method on hemorrhage severity. Whole body stunning caused more severe hemorrhages than head stunning in thigh and breast muscles. These results suggest that factors interfering with blood circulation have little or no effect on the occurrence of hemorrhages induced by electrical stunning.

Cranial computed tomographic findings in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective follow-up study during treatment.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) was performed on 40 consecutive children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on admission before any chemotherapy, 5 months after CNS therapy (n = 39) and after 2 to 3 years of therapy (n = 31). Changes related to leukemia were found in only 10% of the patients at the time of diagnosis (4/40). These initial changes, two intracranial hemorrhages, one dural thickening and one contrast enhancement, all disappeared during therapy. The findings which persisted unchanged in the next two CT scans were thought to be normal variations or caused by earlier disorders. CNS therapy consisted of intrathecally and intravenously administered methotrexate in 20 standard risk (SR) patients and cranial irradiation in addition to chemotherapy in 19 intermediate risk (IR) or high risk (HR) patients. Four SR patients developed changes during therapy. Three had enlarged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces and one developed a focal low density area suggesting disturbances in brain blood circulation and also experienced disturbances in level of consciousness. Of the 19 IR or HR patients, eight developed changes related to the therapy, including four with white matter hypodensity areas, of whom three also had enlarged CSF spaces, and four others who developed enlarged CSF spaces. The medians of the widths of the cortical sulci (P less than .001), insular cisterns (P less than .01), third ventricles (P less than .01), and frontal horns (P less than .05), and also of Evans' ratios (P less than .05) increased significantly after CNS therapy as compared with the findings at diagnosis in the patients who had received cranial irradiation. Most of these changes persisted during the follow-up. We conclude that the clinical value of CT scanning during therapy for ALL is restricted to patients with neurological symptoms or those who have undergone CNS irradiation.

Die Altersabhängigkeit der Gewebereaktion bei Zahnbewegungen

Factors are indicated that influence orthodontic tooth movement and vary with age of life. During a first phase, tooth movement is characterized through biomechanical properties of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, while during a second phase, through kind and extent of disturbance of periodontal blood circulation. During a third phase of tooth movement, remodelling and repair is determined by cellular kinetics, synthesis, and mineral turnover. Reports in the literature and our own experimental findings are interpreted. In conclusion, in middle aged patients the remaining biological possibilities for tooth movement are decreased to about one third of those to be found in infants.

Short-term memory span: Effects of age and relationship with other variables

Jacobs' method was used to study the span of short-term memory (STM), visual (letters, syllables, figures) as well as auditory (numbers), its genetic determination and dependence on age and other variables. An average STM span amounts to 8 figures, 6.6 letters 6.4 syllables, 6.7 elements of all the three types, and 5-6 auditory signal. Preliminary norms for the span of visual STM for students are suggested. At the age from 9 to 25 the increase of the extent of STM is linear. The correlation coefficient of age and the span of auditory STM is 0.47 (for 182 subjects). No differences were observed concerning the span of STM with regard to sex. The twin method did not reveal any effect of genetic factors. The span of STM may change subject to the disturbances of blood circulation in the brains. The span of verbal STM is decreased by the disturbances of blood circulation in the left hemisphere, while the disturbances in the right hemisphere negatively influence the STM for geometrical figures. There is little, if any, correlation between the span of STM and other cognitive functions which have been studied, such as characteristics of memory, reading efficiency, etc. No correlation was established with the span of immediate and delayed reproduction. Notwithstanding the reliability of Jacobs ' method, which was confirmed by repeated studies, its validity might be questioned. Thus the value of the data obtained should be considered critically as there might be certain factors related with mnemic strategies.

下顎骨の放射線障害に関する実験的研究 : 特に抜歯の影響について

Radiation hazard of the mandible often occurs after radiation therapy for oral cancer. Much literature about mandibular radiation hazards has been written since Regaud first reported a case of radiation hazard of the mandible in 1922. However, genesis of the radiation hazard of the mandible has never been resolved. It is generally thought that a high radiation dose causes the mandibular radiation hazard, and the tooth extraction after radiation therapy might accelerate the radiation hazard of the mandible. There are many theories about the influence of tooth extraction following radiation therapy to the mandible. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the tooth extraction after irradiation to the mandible experimentally. The following results were obtained. 1. In a group whose teeth were extracted immediately after irradiation, healing of the extraction wound was delayed. However, severe radiation hazard was not recognized macroscopically. 2. In a group whose teeth were extracted after 2 weeks following irradiation, radiation osteomyelitis was recognized macroscopically. All of these cases showed disturbances of healing of the extraction wound. 3. The early radiographical finding on the mandible, in which the teeth had been extracted after irradiation, was osteoporosis and it was accelerated by infection. 4. Bone resorption caused by osteoclast was observed microscopically in a group whose teeth were extracted after irradiation. Osteoporotic bone resorption was accelerated by infection, and was decreased by subsidings of infection and blood vessel hazard. 5. Sequestration was one of the results of radiation osteomyelitis, which was caused by the disturbance of blood circulation due to periosteum detachment. Sequestrum was caused by invasion of the healthy gingiva. 6. Though healing of the extraction wound was delayed by irradiation, new bone was formed in the alveolar socket if the blood clot occupied the alveolar socket. 7. Radiation hazard of the mandible became more severe when the mandible was accompanied by infection.

Epithelium of the human chorion laeve in diabetes mellitus. Light and electron microscopic examination.

The epithelium of human chorion laeve from pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus was examined under the light and electron microscopy. In comparison with normal chorion laeve, the epithelium of chorion laeve in diabetes mellitus shows the following morphological changes: The trophoblast cells display more microvilli and cell processes on their surface. Trophoblast cells with different cytoplasmic characteristics can be seen. Some display few organelles and large glycogen depositions; other are rich in organelles. Furthermore, some cells with electron dense filaments and few cell organelles can be found. Necrotic cells are frequently present in the outer epithelial layers. The intercellular spaces in the epithelial layers near the basement membrane are narrower. Since vasculopathy of the decidual arteries with disturbance of blood circulation is often found in pathological pregnancies, we assume that the morphological changes found are due to deficiency in nutrient and oxygen supply.

DPH-induced macrocytosis in the 14-day rat foetus.

Phenytoin injected in the pregnant rat induces in the 14-day-old foetus macrocytosis of the primitive red blood cells which is sometimes linked with limb haemorrhages. The action of the drug is possibly the result of a blood circulation disturbance.

Glycogen concentration changes in retina, vitreous body and other eye tissues caused by disturbances of blood circulation.

The glycogen content in the individual eye tissues is strongly correlated to blood supply. Our investigations on the retina of bovines, which have not been fully evaluated, show that the time interval between interruption of blood supply and preparation of the retina is of special importance. Pressure ischemia affects a decrease in glycogen content in the retina and vitreous of rabbits, which is, however, less distinct in the vitreous. Decrease of glycogen with ischemia also takes place in the cornea and, to a lesser degree, in iris and choroid. In contrast, there is no decrease in the glycogen content of the lens. Changes in glycogen content of the rabbit retina after ligation of the A. carotis communis is less distinct than with pressure ischemia. In the vitreous, changes in glycogen content could not be observed. Values measured in both tissues of the ligated eye decrease with additional pressure ischemia.

Glycogen concentration changes in retina, vitreous body and other eye tissues caused by disturbances of blood circulation

The glycogen content in the individual eye tissues is strongly correlated to blood supply. Our investigations on the retina of bovines, which have not been fully evaluated, show that the time interval between interruption of blood supply and preparation of the retina is of special importance. Pressure ischemia affects a decrease in glycogen content in the retina and vitreous of rabbits, which is, however, less distinct in the vitreous. Decrease of glycogen with ischemia also takes place in the cornea and, to a lesser degree, in iris and choroid. In contrast, there is no decrease in the glycogen content of the lens. Changes in glycogen content of the rabbit retina after ligation of the A. carotis communis is less distinct than with pressure ischemia. in the vitreous, changes in glycogen content could not be observed. Values measured in both tissues of the ligated eye decrease with additional pressure ischemia.

Studies on the cause of serotonin ulcer (II) especially regarding the disturbance of the blood-circulation

Studies on the cause of serotonin ulcer (II) especially regarding the disturbance of the blood-circulation

Angiokeratoma Corporis Circumscriptum Naeviformeの1例

A 21-year-old man with angiokeratoma corporis circumscriptum naeviforme was reported. Keratotic hemangiomatous lesions, which had been spread and enlarged very slowly since his birth, were systematically noted on the left side of buttocks and of lower limbs. Biopsy specimens revealed that a marked hyperkeratosis, without parakeratosis, an intensive dilatation of capillaries in the upper dermis just beiow the epidermis, and a distinct proliferatioln of immature endothelial cells of newly formed capillaries in the deeper dermis. The patient was successfully treated with a plastic surgery, i. e., resection of the lesions and skin grafts repeatedly carried out. Thirty-four cases with the disease reported in Japan, were reviewed. As the results, it was considered a marked hyperkeratosis of the lesions were caused with defects of nutrition and oxygen due to a disturbance of blood circulation in congenital hemangiomatous skin changes.

Shoulder-Hand Syndrome

Shoulder-hand syndrome is a disease accompanied by symptoms such as motor disturbance of the upper limbs, swelling, pain, blood circulation disturbance or neurotic disturbance the direct or contributory cause of which cannot be attributed to any known disease. In 1958 Steinbrocker made a detailed report of his findings based on a study of 146 cases. In the 10-year period from 1961 through 1970 we studied the cases of 30 patients diagnosed as shoulder-hand syndrome by the Plastic Surgery Department of Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital with interest in sex, age, affected limbs and contributory cause or complication. Further a prognostic investigation of 23 treated cases was made by means of questionnaire. Of the 23, questionnaires on 12 cases were completed and returned. A report including our review of the 12-returned questionnaires is made as follows: