Districts Of Jharkhand Research Articles

Assessment of water quality in the Garhwa and Palamu districts of Jharkhand

Assessment of water quality in the Garhwa and Palamu districts of Jharkhand

Geospatial application for agroforestry suitability mapping based on FAO guideline: case study of Lohardaga, Jharkhand State of India

In view of climate change scenario, the increasing population, higher food demand and deteriorating land productivity are the key issues which need to be addressed in present time frame because it will be more critical in the future. The scientific evaluation of land for agroforestry is a step towards sustainability for achieving the socio-economic and environmental goal of the community. The objective of the present study was to investigate the suitability of land use/land cover of Lohardaga district of state of Jharkhand, India for agroforestry use based on FAO land suitability criteria utilizing Landsat-8 images (NDVI/wetness), ASTER DEM (elevation/slope/drainage and watershed), ancillary data source (rainfall/organic carbon/pH and nutrient status). The analysis of our study for agroforestry suitability reveals that 50.5% area as highly suitable (S1), 28.2% area as moderately suitable (S2), 20% area as marginally suitable (S3) and 1.3% area as not suitable (NS). Only 2.9% of the total land area is dominated by two season crop which is a matter of serious concern. The statistical analysis of the results reveals that the lands have huge potentiality for harnessing agroforestry crops if utilized scientifically. Such results will greatly help to the state level policymakers for achieving the national agroforestry policy goal for extending it to the new areas in the districts of Jharkhand.

Wind energy potential evaluation for power generation in selected districts of Jharkhand

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the availability of wind energy for electricity production at different locations, i.e., Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Devghar, Lohardaga, and Chaibasa, in Jharkhand, India. Due to the rapidly rising demand for power in Jharkhand, there is a requirement of an alternative renewable source of energy to lower the dependence on its limited fossil fuel resources. The studied locations were found to be unsuitable for wind to electricity generation on a large scale at 10 m height above the ground. However, small-scale wind turbines can be used to extract energy from low-speed wind, preferably at a height above 10 m from the ground.

Positive Influence of Behavior Change Communication on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices for Visceral Leishmaniasis/Kala-azar in India.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic to 54 districts in 4 states of India. Poor awareness of the disease and inappropriate health-seeking behavior are major challenges to eliminating the disease. Between February 2016 and March 2017, we implemented a behavior change communication (BCC) intervention in 33 districts of Bihar, 4 districts of Jharkhand, and 3 districts of West Bengal using a mix of channels, including group and interpersonal communication, to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices of communities, frontline health workers, and opinion leaders. We conducted an impact assessment in October 2016, after the second indoor residual spraying (IRS) round, in Bihar and Jharkhand to evaluate the effect of the BCC intervention. Villages in 10 districts of Bihar and 4 districts in Jharkhand were selected for inclusion in the assessment. Selected villages were categorized as either intervention or control based on where project activities were conducted. Households were randomly selected proportional to caste composition, and interviewers surveyed the head of the household on whether the house was sprayed during the last IRS round and on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to VL. We interviewed 700 households in intervention villages and 350 households in control villages and conducted correlation analysis to explore the association between IRS refusal and socioeconomic variables, and tested for association between IRS refusal and exposure to BCC activities. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. We reached an estimated 3.3 million contacts in Bihar and Jharkhand through the intervention's BCC activities. IRS refusal rates were significantly lower in intervention households than control households (mean=7.95% vs. 24.45%, respectively; OR, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11 to 0.62; P<.001). Households in intervention villages were more aware than those in control villages that VL is spread by sand flies (68.4% vs. 7.4%, respectively; P<.001) and of IRS as an effective control measure (82.3% vs. 41.7%, respectively; P<.001). A greater percentage of households in intervention villages than control villages indicated they would encourage a patient to go to primary health centers for diagnosis and treatment of VL (77.0% vs. 39.4%, respectively) and to encourage others to accept IRS (78.6% vs. 44.6%, respectively; P<.001). Households that were exposed to community-based BCC activities largely using group and interpersonal communication had better knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to VL, including acceptance of IRS as a preventive measure, than households not exposed. BCC activities are thus an important component of VL elimination strategies.

Decomposing the Effect of Technological Change in Milk Production in Khunti and Hazaribagh districts of Jharkhand

The present study basically focuses on decomposing the effect of crossbred technology in milk production in Jharkhand. Jharkhand government is making an effort to increase the milk production in the state by launching different dairy development programmes. It has even taken an important initiative by forming Jharkhand State Cooperative Milk Producers ’Federation (JCMF) in June 2013 by signing a MoU with NDDB. The primary data for this study was collected from 130 farmer beneficiaries. Bisaliah's decomposition analysis was used to analyze the data and the results were interpreted accordingly. When technology shifted from local cow to crossbred, the total change in yield was observed to be 80. 59 percent out of which 73.31 percent was contributed by technology and 7.13 percent was contributed by achange in input use level. The contribution of neutral technological change was found substantially high which was reduced by the negative effect of non-neutral technology. It indicates that crossbred technology has high yield potential but considerable efforts are required to improve the efficient use of inputs. The technology component (73 percent) has more shares in increasing the milk yield than the contribution of improved inputs and management practices (7 percent).

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Precipitation in Districts of Jharkhand in India

Spatial and Temporal Trends of Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Precipitation in Districts of Jharkhand in India

A comparative study of epidemiological investigations of malaria outbreaks and related deaths in two districts of Jharkhand during the same prewinter season using shoe-leather epidemiology.

Background:Following news of deaths in two districts of Jharkhand (West Singhbum and Garhwa) in November 2016, epidemiological investigations were contemplated to investigate any current outbreak of falciparum malaria and deaths attributed to it.Methodology:The epidemiological investigations, verbal autopsy of suspected deaths attributed to malaria and keys interviews were conducted in the 2nd and 4th week of November 2016 in Khuntpani and Dhurki block of West Singhbum and Garhwa districts, respectively, following a strict protocol.Results:The affected villages were Argundi and Korba-Pahariya and their adjacent tolas in Khuntpani and Dhurki block. Undoubtedly, there was the continuous transmission of falciparum malaria in both the regions in October and November 2016. The total cases (according to case definitions) were 1002, of them, 338 and 12 patients were positive for Plasmodium falciparum positive (Pf +ve) and Plasmodium vivax positive (Pv +ve), respectively, in the affected areas of Khuntpani block. In Dhurki block, out of the total of 631 patients fulfilling the case definition, 65 patients were PF +ve and 23 Pv +ve. Comparing to the last year, there is remarkably high number of falciparum cases. Verbal autopsy of deceased individuals showed that malaria might be one of the strongly probable diagnoses, but not conclusively.Conclusion:According to epidemiological investigation, verbal autopsy and key interviews conducted, it may be concluded that there is a definite outbreak of falciparum malaria in the area and environment is congenial for malaria and other tropical diseases.

Comparative variation in physico-chemical properties and heavy metals estimation of drinking water samples collected from different districts of Jharkhand, India and their water quality index

Comparative variation in physico-chemical properties and heavy metals estimation of drinking water samples collected from different districts of Jharkhand, India and their water quality index

A Study on the Impact of Key Entrepreneurial Skills on Business Success of Indian Micro-entrepreneurs: A Case of Jharkhand Region

This article is an attempt to analyze the skill-related dimensions of micro-entrepreneurs in the state of Jharkhand in India. A sample of 147entrepreneurs with valid responses was collected from three districts of Jharkhand, namely, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Ranchi. The demographic characteristics of these regions have been represented to give an insight into the region where the study has been conducted. Five dimensions of skills, namely, leadership skills, communication skills, human relation skills, technical skills and inborn aptitude, have been identified from previous literatures. Success has been measured as a perceived chance of business success. The study primarily analyzes the strength of the relationship of the skills with success. The questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data for conducting the study. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regressions have been used as statistical tools for analysis. The findings of the study show the relationship and the effect of the skills on the success of micro-entrepreneurs, thereby leading to implications that leave further scope for future research. The study has helped in contributing to the existing literatures in this segment of the research.

Sustainability of Dairy Based Livelihoods of the Tribes of Jharkhand: A study of Ranchi and Dhanbad

The present study assesses the extent of contribution of Dairy based production system towards the Sustainable Livelihood of the tribes of Jharkhand. Out of 24 districts of Jharkhand, Govindpur and Ormanjhi blocks of Dhanbad and Ranchi districts were randomly selected for the study. From these two blocks, four villages were selected randomly and from each village 30 farmers were again selected randomly, constituting a total number of 120 respondents . The data were collected through participatory rural appraisal and personal interviews during year 2013-14 . The results indicated that the livelihoods of tribal communities in the area have traditionally been dominated by the Dairy Production System (DPS) - C+B+G (C=Cattle, B=Buffalo, G=Goat). Among the sustainable livelihood components human capital was minimum compared to others and use of traditional knowledge (5.98), Farm Energy (5.95), ICT Tools (5.71), Livestock Density (5.97) and Access to natural resources (5.85) had highest influence on Sustainable livelihood of the respondents. The DPS prevalent in the area was found to be substantially contributing for the sustainable livelihood of the respondents and was the integral part of day-to-day livelihood activities, nutritional security and traditional life style for tribal people in the area

Urbanisation and Growth of Slum Population in Jharkhand: A Spatial Analysis

The objective of this paper is to examine the relation between the pace of urbanisation and growth of slum population in Jharkhand. This paper also attempts to analyse the trends and patterns of growth of slum population at the district level in Jharkhand. In terms of urbanisation process of India, slums have become an integral part of urban scenario. In India, rapid growth of slums is the result of rural-urban migration of the rural poor to the cities/towns in search of employment in the last two decades. In the absence of any affordable housing, there has been growth of slums in the urban areas of the country. In India, out of a total population of 1.21 billion, 31.30% population resides in the urban areas, but 21.68% (61.8 million) of the total urban population live in the slums. Slums are considered as a major problem within the urban areas, particularly in relation to the issues of transportation, population growth, health and safety. The developing states or regions of India are more prone to this problem due to the lack of infrastructural development and heavy urban population pressure. Like other states of India, Jharkhand too is facing the problem of slums. After its separation from Bihar in 2000, the rate of urbanisation and the rate of growth of slums had gone high. The study reveals that in 2001, there were only 11 urban centers consisting of slum population but in 2011, it reached to 31. The slum population registers 23.68% growth while the urban population growth stands at 32%. This paper is primarily based on secondary data collected from different governmental agencies, particularly the Census data of population to analyse the spatial distribution of slum population in the districts of Jharkhand. This study explores the changing urbanisation scenario in Jharkhand and the growth of slums with respect to it.

Determinants of utilization of services under MMJSSA scheme in Jharkhand ′Client Perspective′: A qualitative study in a low performing state of India

Preventing maternal death associated with pregnancy and child birth is one of the greatest challenges for India. Approximately 55,000 women die in India due to pregnancy- and childbirth- related conditions each year. Increasing the coverage of maternal and newborn interventions is essential if Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 4 and 5 are to be reached. With a view to accelerate the reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality through institutional deliveries, Government of India initiated a scheme in 2005 called Janani Suraksha Yojna (JSY) under its National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). In Jharkhand the scheme is called the Mukhya Mantri Janani Shishu Swasthya Abhiyan (MMJSSA). This paper focuses on community perspectives, for indentifying key areas that require improvement for proper implementation of the MMJSSA in Jharkhand. Qualitative research method was used to collect data through in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) in six districts of Jharkhand- Gumla, West Singhbhum, Koderma, Deoghar, Garhwa, and Ranchi. Total 300 IDIs (24 IDIs each from mother given birth at home and institution respectively; two IDIs each with members of Village Health and Sanitation Committees (VHSC) / Rogi Kalyan Samitis (RKS) from each district) and 24 FGDs (four FGDs were conducted from pools of husbands, mothers-in-law and fathers-in-law in each district) were conducted. Although people indicated willingness for institutional deliveries (generally perceived to be safe deliveries), several barriers emerged as critical obstacles. These included poor infrastructure, lack of quality of care, difficulties while availing incentives, corruption in disbursement of incentives, behavior of the healthcare personnel and lack of information about MMJSSA. Poor (and expensive) transport facilities and difficult terrain made geographical access difficult. The level of utilization of maternal healthcare among women in Jharkhand is low. There was an overwhelming demand for energizing sub-centers (including for deliveries) in order to increase access to maternal and child health services. Having second ANMs will go a long way in achieving this end. The MMJSSA scheme will thus have to re-invent itself within the overall framework of the NRHM.

Jharkhand since Independence: A demographic analysis

We use data from the Census of India, Sample Registration System (SRS), National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), Rapid Household Survey (RHS-RCH) and District Level Household Survey (DLHS-RCH) to examine the socio-economic and demographic profile of Jharkhand. Data from various censuses are employed to study the changes in the socio-economic and demographic profile of Jharkhand since independence. All the districts that existed in the Census of 2001 are constructed backwards since 1961 using the information available in various census publications. The paper provides data for 18 districts of Jharkhand since 1961. The data from SRS, NFHS, RHS-RCH and DLHS-RCH are used to understand the trends in fertility, mortality and health service utilisation indicators. We find some improvement in the socio-economic condition of the people of Jharkhand over the past five decades. Fertility and mortality rates are found to be quite high in the state. The utilisation of health services is found to be very low in the districts of Jharkhand. The improvement in utilisation of health services for the Scheduled Tribes is found to be least among the various caste groups in the state. Wide variations exist in almost all the indicators among the districts of Jharkhand.

Land alienation of tribals in the Jharkhand region of Bihar: Process and pattern

Tribal land alienation happens to be one of the most important issues in Jharkhand which has also attracted considerable attention in the past. The tribals in general and in Jharkhand particularly have witnessed continued alienation and encroachment on their resources both individual and community. The present paper discusses in brief the process, pattern and causes of land alienation in the post-Independence period. This is based oh a sample study conducted in Ranchi and Dumka districts of Jharkhand. The paper outlines the mode and typology of land alienation in the two districts. The paper points out the alienation of land both for public projects and to individuals has continued inspite of various legislations. However, the process of alienation has slowed down since 1980s and the pattern of alienation has also changed.