Districts Of Russia Research Articles

Regional aspects of youth labor employment

The article addresses the issues of youth employment and factors affecting the success of employment. Based on official statistics, unemployment rates are compared by age groups in the federal districts ofRussia. The analysis of the situation inMoscowand in the regions of theFar Eastrevealed the most vulnerable in terms of employment group of the population – from 15 to 29 years. According to the results of their own sociological research carried out in the metropolitan metropolis, there are presented: channels for finding vacancies, reasons that impede the employment of young people, difficulties in communicating directly with employers, and willingness to retrain. The greatest problems in the employment of young people (including graduates of universities and colleges) are the lack of necessary experience and an appropriate level of education. It is revealed that the most effective ways of finding jobs for young people are special sites on the Internet and contacting the city employment service. The structure of young unemployed by level of education in the Russian macro-regions is considered. Comparison of the situation in the regions of the Far East and inMoscowshowed the presence of similar problems, including an oversupply of trained specialists in the professions lawyer, economist, manager. The imbalance between the needs of the labor market and the supply of young labor requires decision-making at the federal and regional levels.

Влияние солнечной активности на продуктивность животноводства в РФ

На продуктивность животноводства оказывает влияние большое количество факторов, которые можно разделить на две большие группы: факторы, не зависящие от человека, и человеческий фактор. К первой группе факторов относится солнечная активность, которая численно выражается числами Вольфа. С использованием метода корреляционно-регрессионного анализа исследовано влияние солнечной активности на производство скота и птицы на убой, надои молока от 1 коровы в сельскохозяйственных организациях как в целом по стране, так и в разрезе федеральных округов. Рассчитывали по программе «АРМ статистика» с использованием метода наименьших квадратов и метода отсева несущественных факторов по критерию Стьюдента. При расчёте влияния солнечной активности на производство скота и птицы на убой учитывали энергетические мощности в расчёте на 100 га посевной площади (лошадиная сила, значение показателя за год). На основании полученных коэффициентов множественной корреляции и использования шкалы Чеддока выделены два кластера влияния солнечной активности на производство скота и птицы на убой в разрезе федеральных округов. При расчёте регрессионных уравнений влияния солнечной активности на надой молока от 1 коровы учитывали расход кормов в расчёте на 1 условную голову крупного рогатого скота в сельскохозяйственных организациях. Полученные коэффициенты множественной корреляции и шкала Чеддока позволили выделить три кластера федеральных округов влияния солнечной активности на надой молока на 1 корову в сельскохозяйственных организациях. Сделан вывод, что успешное развитие отраслей животноводства со специализацией на производстве мяса и молока возможно практически во всех федеральных округах России.

Polarization of universities in the Central Federal District of Russia under reform

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the changes in higher education under the new configuration of resources based on the income structure of universities located in the Central Federal District (CFD). Particular focus is given to the changes in the structure of public financing of higher education, considering the explicit priorities of increasing teaching staff salaries and promoting research. The study also assesses regional differentiation in financial resources for the maintenance of university property and the accumulation of funds from extra-budgetary sources. Design/methodology/approach Using statistical and economic analysis methods, the research reveals the main trends of structural changes in public funding of higher education in Russia as a whole, and the regional peculiarities of financial support in the universities of the CFD. Findings The results of this investigation of universities in the CFD point to inertia in the development of universities in the regions, and problems transitioning to new business models. Groups of universities in the region often lobby for the “previous rules of the game.” The results evidence a change in financial support from different income sources and in cost structures at the university level. These are the result of higher education reform and university support programs aimed at enhancing the academic and research capacity of the leading Russian universities and developing a competitive national education system. Originality/value A costs optimization policy has led to polarization of universities and reduced development opportunities for a significant proportion of regional universities. In order to maintain their properties in good condition, they have to make active efforts to seek non-budgetary funding sources against a fall in effective demand from the population.

Analysis of selected statistical indicators of the North-Western Federal district in aspect of infant mortality and stillbirths

The paper presents results of some analyzed statistical indicators of infant mortality and stillbirth in the North-Western Federal District of Russia. The following indicators are considered: availability of medical personnel and inpatient beds, morbidity of pregnant women, the number of abortions, as well as some socio-economic indicators. The negative correlation between infant mortality rate in the region and availability of obstetricians-gynecologists, pediatricians, neonatologists was revealed. Stillbirth rates in the region were found to be related to the provision of pregnant pathology beds, to the proportion of these beds in the total number of obstetric beds, to provision of the population with obstetricians and gynecologists. In addition, both factors are equally dependent on such index of work of women's family planning counseling services as the number of abortions per 100 live and stillbirths. A comparative analysis of the pregnant women morbidity, together with the investigated medical care provision in the region, emphasized the effective organization of the child protection and child delivery service activity in the North-Western Federal District, on the one hand. On the other hand, it determined that, in the search for a reserve of reducing fetal and infantile losses in North-Western Federal District, the priority area is a differentiated study of the pregnant women morbidity aimed at developing an appropriate comprehensive prevention program to reduce of the pregnant women morbidity.

The Family in the Structure of Values of Young People

Despite the fact that the family is extremely significant in the system of values of young people (in Russia), the number of divorces is increasing in this population group. Our analysis of this contradiction establishes that young people need to be specially prepared for family life. The paper presents the results of a large empirical study conducted in eight regions in various federal districts of Russia. The study covered a representative sample of over 7,000 respondents from two-parent and one-parent families, families with one to two children and large families; they were inhabitants of large and small Russian cities and villages.The study showed that (a) the family is of primary importance in the formation of young people’s values. (b) Most respondents believe that a family is an indispensable condition for happiness. (c) Most respondents believe that one should be specially prepared for family life. (d) Only a third of respondents believe that a school course on family issues could solve this problem. (e) Most respondents noted that their parental families failed to be role models. (f) Young people’s reproductive attitudes, which mainly involve having two or three children, do not correspond to actual modern demographic statistics. (g) More than half of the respondents approve of common-law marriages. (h) But the young people were less tolerant of births out of wedlock. (i) Mothers had the greatest influence on young people as they were growing up. (j) Fathers took second place, with a large gap between them and mothers. (k) The generalized portraits of mothers and fathers were entirely positive; that is, there were no negative characteristics. (k) The most popular adjectives used to describe both mothers and fathers were the following: kind, dependable, caring, responsible, family-oriented, and smart.

Жизненные стили российских родителей: динамика, региональные, возрастные и профессиональные особенности

With the aim of developing a future Events Plan in implementing the second stage of the Concept of State Family Policy in Russia, the article outlines the task of describing the lifestyle trends of parents of at least one child aged 15 or younger. Its empirical basis is information from Rosstat, the research databases of the Federal State Statistics Service – the comprehensive monitoring of living conditions among the population (KOUZ–2011, KOUZ–2016). It demonstrates that demographic indicators vary significantly at a macroregional level and within federal districts in Russia, which is related to the level of modernization, urbanization, ethnic makeup of the population and specifics of occupation. The behavioral traits of mothers and fathers were analyzed in 2016. It was established that the daily practices of parents differ in various indicators between federal districts, cities, settlements and capitals, but even more greatly between parents belonging to different professional groups. A trend of several practices by mothers and fathers over a five-year period (2011–2016) was uncovered. Optimism holds an increasing share among young mothers and fathers who take part in sport, and the proportion of young parents who take tourist trips increased among all professional groups. At the same time, it should be noted that the percentage of parents (over 40%), who do not work in the specialty, did not decrease appreciably. There was no change in the average amount of parent's time spent with their children. Alcohol consumption and smoking remained at their previous levels among mothers, irrespective of professional group, though there was a decrease in the proportion of smokers among young fathers. Unfortunately, the data used did not allow for a link to be made between the lifestyles of mothers and fathers and the quality of parenting among various professional groups. This may become the subject of a specialized study.

Determination of thermophysical and thermokinetic characteristics of forest combustible materials

The danger of forest fires and their large-scale consequences is facing humanity more and more sharply from year to year. We carried out experimental studies to determine the thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity) and thermokinetic characteristics (activation energy, pre-exponential factor) of typical forest combustible materials and their mixtures for a wide range of temperatures (298–423 K). A generalization of experiments for typical forest combustible materials of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia was performed. The established experimental values can be used for mathematical modeling of occurrence, propagation and extinguishing of forest fires.

Planning of the territory of large cities of Russia in the interests of their sustainable development

The paper reported here analyzes the practice of preparing documentation on territory planning in large cities of the North-West Federal district of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the development of projects on the basis of proposals of individuals or legal entities, as well as the search for effective tools for the development of cities of the North-West Federal district of Russia. The authors propose an alternative version of the interaction of local governments with potential investors on urban planning documentation. The mechanism of formation and updating of design solutions is based on a comprehensive assessment of incoming urban planning proposals of stakeholders.

THE STUDYOF THE АREA OF DISTRIBUTION OF WEST NILE VIRUS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA; THE RESULTS OF SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH. COMMUNICATION 2: CENTRAL, PRIVOLZHSKY AND NORTH-WESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICTS

Sera of 3951 inhabitants of Central, Privolzhsky and Northwest federal districts of Russia were examined with the use of ELISA-IgG and neutralization test. Antibodies to West Nile virus (WN) were detected in the sera of residents of Voronezh (1,6% of cases), Tula (1,5%), Tambov (0,7%) and Lipetsk(0,6%) regions. Two positive samples have been detected in residents of Moscow and Moscow region, which were possibly infected, during theirs travel to endemic for WN fever regions. All sera obtained from Kaluga, Ryazan, Tver, Vologda, Ulyanovsk regions and The Republic of Tatarstan were negative. Our data, in combination with the morbidity rate of WN fever indicate on epidemiological activity of foci of this infection in the South, the North Caucasus, Privolzhsky (Saratovskaya region) and Central (the forest-steppe zone and Tula region) districts. The northern border of circulation of WN virus probably dispose of the latitude of the Tula region.

The regional allocation of labor resources in the context of economic restructuring and renewal: using a case from Russia

The purpose of the article is to reveal the influence of the state policy of economic restructuring and renewal on the allocation of labor resources in regions and cities of the country. The state policy has an impact on the allocation of labor resources, but causes, at times, conflicting effects. This is especially true during the economic restructuring and renewal period. As a scientific and methodological basis, the analysis of the economic structure and the four-factor shift-share analysis, adapted by the authors in earlier works, were used. The use of statistical data of 98 cities in five federal districts of Russia in 2009–2015 allowed the authors to reveal the ambiguous influence of the state policy of economic restructuring and renewal on the allocation of labor resources by regions and cities of the country. It has been confirmed that the restructuring and renewal policy of the Russian economy, as well as in other countries, is accompanied by changes in the allocation of labor resources. As a positive effect, it can be noted that economic restructuring and renewal contribute to a balance in the spatial allocation of labor resources. As negative effects of economic restructuring and renewal, the authors of the article note the inertial nature of the economic structure (the extractive sector retains a leading position in terms of employment indicators) and a reduction in the labor potential of peripheral cities, which does not correspond to the stated goals of the economic restructuring and renewal policy. It is shown that the city authorities are able to exert a greater influence on changes in the economic structure than it is generally assumed. The authors believe that the states implementing the restructuring and renewal policy should take into account changes in the allocation of labor resources by regions and cities in order to observe the balance in regions’ development and not to fall into a trap in which economic growth of regions attracting labor resources will be achieved at the expense of other regions.

Kravtsovite, PdAg2S, a new mineral from the Noril'sk-Talnakh deposit, Krasnoyarskiy kray, Russia

Kravtsovite, PdAg 2 S, is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the Komsomolsky mine of the Talnakh deposit, Noril’sk district, Russia. It forms equant inclusions (ranging in size from a few μm to 40–50 μm) in silicates and pyrite, commonly intergrown with vysotskite and Au–Ag alloy in aggregates (100–200 μm across) with telargpalite, cooperite, braggite, vysotskite, sopcheite, stibiopalladinite, sobolevskite, moncheite, kotulskite, malyshevite and insizwaite. Kravtsovite is brittle; it has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. In plane-polarised light, kravtsovite is yellowish white, has strong bireflectance, is strongly pleochroic in shades of slightly yellowish white to bluish grey, and exhibits a strong anisotropy with rotation tints of salmon-pink, orange, pale blue and dark blue–black. It exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectance values in air ( R 1 , R 2 in %) are: 32.2, 38.3 at 470, 31.6, 39.4 at 546, 30.2, 39.8 at 589 and 28.8, 41.1 at 650 nm. Eighteen electron probe microanalyses of kravtsovite give the average composition: Pd 30.53, Ag 60.11, S 8.47, and Se 0.74, total 99.85 wt%, corresponding to the empirical formula Pd 1.03 Ag 1.99 (S 0.95 Se 0.03 ) Σ0.98 based on a total of 4 atoms per formula unit (apfu). The average of eight analyses on synthetic kravtsovite is: Pd 30.98, Ag 60.27, and S 8.81, total 100.07 wt%, corresponding to Pd 1.04 Ag 1.99 S 0.98 . The mineral is orthorhombic, space group Cmcm , with a 7.9835(1), b 5.9265(1), c 5.7451(1) A, V 271.82(1) A 3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was refined from the powder X-ray-diffraction data of the synthetic analogue. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of synthetic kravtsovite [ d in A ( I ) ( hkl )] are: 2.632(51)(021), 2.458(65)(112), 2.4263(71)(310), 2.3305(60)(202), 2.2352(100)(311), 2.1973(48) (221), 2.0619(42)(022), 1.9172(30)(130), 1.3888(42)(240,332), 1.3586(28)(512). The mineral honours V.F. Kravtsov, one of the discoverers of the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk deposits in the Noril’sk district of Russia.

Влияние новых технологий и человеческого капитала на вклад новых укладов в экономику России в предкризисный период

The updated econometric estimates of the influence of new technologies and human capital on the contribution of new technological structures to the per capita GDP in the regions of the Central and North-Western federal districts of Russia are obtained. The article estimates coefficients of elasticity of the contribution of new ways to GDP per capita by the use of the new technologies estimated by capital-labor ratio of work by new fixed assets and by the use of the human capital estimated by a share of busy workers with the higher education. In case of big sizes of coefficients of elasticity of the contribution of new ways to GDP per capita on the use of the new technologies estimated by capital-labor ratio of labor by new fixed assets it is reasonable to increase the investments into fixed assets of the region. In case of big sizes of coefficients of elasticity of the contribution of new ways to GDP per capita on the use of the human capital estimated by a share of busy workers with the higher education it is reasonable to increase, first of all, a share of workers with the highest education.

Crisis Management of Regional Development: Cluster Initiatives in Russia and their Efficiency

The article reports results of research investigating cluster initiatives as a tool for crisis management at the regional level. The indicator helping to assess the regional industrial policy impact has been identified. Based on its values, the federal districts of Russia were classified according to the types of effectiveness of regional crisis management. The key problems of Central and North-Western federal districts were identified. The expediency of studying cluster initiatives of the Central Federal District since its historical development and scale of its regional economies are comparable to European parameters. The study of cluster initiatives allowed to find the cluster initiatives management scheme typical for the practice of stimulating clustering processes embedded in the strategies of social and economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. A quantitative assessment of existing and potential clusters has been carried out on the example of the subjects of the Central Federal District, cluster initiatives have been ranked by types of economic activity. Cluster initiatives were differentiated according to the specifics of the management processes, and the specific nature of cluster initiatives. A factual basis for indicators has been formed in line with the objectives of the cluster policy of the Central Federal District subject. Having compared the indicators of the cluster initiatives specification with the values of the cluster policy implementation indicators, we analyzed the efficiency of cluster initiatives as an element of the regional crisis management.

Norilskite, (Pd,Ag)7Pb4, a new mineral from Noril'sk-Talnakh deposit, Russia

AbstractNorilskite, (Pd,Ag)7Pb4 is a new platinum-group mineral discovered in the Mayak mine of the Talnakh deposit, Russia. It forms anhedral grains in aggregates (up to ∼400 μm) with polarite, zvyagintsevite, Pd-rich tetra-auricupride, Pd-Pt bearing auricupride,Ag-Au alloys, (Pb,As,Sb) bearing atokite, mayakite, Bi-Pb-rich kotulskite and sperrylite in pentlandite, cubanite and talnakhite. Norilskite is brittle, has a metallic lustre and a grey streak. Values of VHN20 fall between 296 and 342 kg mm–2, with a mean valueof 310 kg mm–2, corresponding to a Mohs hardness of ∼4. In plane-polarized light, norilskite is orange-brownish pink, has moderate to strong bireflectance, orange-pink to greyish-pink pleochroism, and strong anisotropy; it exhibits no internal reflections. Reflectancevalues of norilskite in air (Ro, Re' in %) are: 51.1, 48.8 at 470 nm, 56.8, 52.2 at 546 nm, 59.9, 53.5 at 589 nm and 64.7, 55.5 at 650 nm. Sixteen electronmicroprobe analyses of natural norilskite gave an average composition: Pd 44.33, Ag 2.68, Bi 0.33 and Pb 52.34, total99.68 wt.%, corresponding to the empirical formula (Pd6.56Ag0.39)∑6.95(Pb3.97Bi0.03)∑4.00 based on 4 Pb + Bi atoms; the average of eight analyses on synthetic norilskite is: Pd 42.95, Ag 3.87 and Pb 53.51, total 100.33wt.%, corresponding to (Pd6.25Ag0.56)∑6.81Pb4.00. The mineral is trigonal, space group P3121, with a = 8.9656(4), c = 17.2801(8) Å, V = 1202.92(9) Å3 and Z = 6. The crystalstructure was solved and refined from the powder X-ray diffraction data of synthetic (Pd,Ag)7Pb4. Norilskite crystallizes in the Ni13Ga3Ge6 structure type, related to nickeline. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction patternof synthetic norilskite [d in Å (I) (hkl)] are: 3.2201(29)(023,203), 2.3130(91)(026,206), 2.2414(100)(220), 1.6098(28)(046,406), 1.3076(38)(246,462), 1.2942(18)(600), 1.2115(37)(22.12,12.13), 0.9626(44) (06.12,60.12). The mineral is named for the locality, the Noril'sk district in Russia.

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОПРОСНИКОВ ДЛЯ ВРАЧЕЙ И ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ С ЦЕЛЬЮ РАННЕГО ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ОБОСТРЕНИЙ (заключение совета экспертов Приволжского, Центрального и Южного федеральных округов России)

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ОПРОСНИКОВ ДЛЯ ВРАЧЕЙ И ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ С ЦЕЛЬЮ РАННЕГО ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ ОБОСТРЕНИЙ (заключение совета экспертов Приволжского, Центрального и Южного федеральных округов России)

Long-Term Trends of Air Temperature Changes in Industrial and Economic Centres of North-Western and Central Federal Districts of Russia and Their Causes

Carried out the review and analysis of long-term variability of mean annual and mean during winter temperature in 13 major administrative and industrial centers of the North-West and Central federal district – Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Petrozavodsk, St. Petersburg, Pskov, Novgorod, Kaliningrad, Moscow, Smolensk, Tambov, Kostroma, Kursk and Voronezh. On the basis of the method of cluster analysis identified the major regional characteristics variability in air temperature. An assessment of the correlation between the dynamics of the 4 values of climatic indices of atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic – NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and long-term changes in air temperature. Identified and analyzed interannual trends cooling trend over the winter period. Presented a preliminary assessment of the intensity of the impact of changes in temperature conditions on industry and the economy of the North-West and central federal districts in relation to a possible cooling.

Competitive authoritarian regime: tactics of opposition actors

Varieties of modern nondemocratic electoral political regimes is determined by institutional, structural, actor-oriented (procedural) differences between «the new autocracies». The trajectories of political transformation and regime changes in these hybrids depend largely on the specifi c political decisions and actions of key political actors in the process of democratization. This article analyzes the actions of the opposition from the angle of mobilization and cooperation as «winning» tactics in the electoral competitive nondemocratic regimes. The empirical part of the article includes: 1) forming a public protests database in the electoral cycle of 2015 (January-September) in the Central Federal District of Russia, which includes the regional authority elections, members of regional and local legislatures; 2) statistical processing of data of opposition’s participation / nonparticipation in public protests, number of protesters, opposition cooperative actions, issues of protests; 3) designing and measuring empirically observable features of protests make it possible to segment the public protest activity into 2 basic parts: civic activity and mobilization activity – and then to analyze the scope of cooperation of various opposition parties in mobilization actions. These results make it possible to answer the following questions: to what extent Russian opposition actors use public protest activity as mobilization resource and to what extent they are prepared for cooperation in a public protest fi eld?

Cities of North-West Federal District: the state of urban development sector and its main challenges

This article analyzes the compliance of planned and actual results of the implementation of the first phase of territorial planning documents of towns, medium and big cities in the North-West Federal District of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the deformation of forecasting scenario for prospective population in researched cities and to identification of factors that contributed to this deformation. The authors propose a variant of preparation of territorial planning documents in a search for effective tools for urban development of the North-West Federal District of Russia.

Особенности размещения и роста городов Южного федерального округа России

Особенности размещения и роста городов Южного федерального округа России

Integration of Social Education and the Labor Market through a Simulation of Professional Activity

Background/Objectives: The article discusses the convergence of social education and labor market in the social sphere. Professionalization of social work is studied all over the world. Methods: Currently, discussions are continuing in the context of possibilities for standardization of professional activity and education, as well as their relationships. The main object of the study is the profession of “a social work specialists”, the representatives of which work in the system of social protection of the population in the Russian Federation. Findings: The authors carried out an experimental study using traditional sociological methods (questionnaires, tests, expert interviews, focus groups, interviews, social design and modeling). The study was attended by representatives of regional authorities from all territorial districts of Russia, heads of social service organizations, experts in social work. Statistical and qualitative analysis of the results allows revealing the expert activity algorithm in social work in the social services system, establishing the basic elements of the professional standard: basic labor functions, labor activities, skills and the necessary knowledge to implement them. A standard of professional activity of social work specialist, who performs the basic functions of social protection of the population in this country, has been developed. The problem is solved taking into account not only current issues, but also the prospects for the development of the profession. Previously, there were no such standards in Russia. Improvements: The purpose of the article is to formulate scientifically sound approaches to the development of uniform requirements for the professional activity of specialists, the quality of social services, as well as to justify the possible next steps in the integration of the labor market and social education, introducing necessary changes in vocational education standards.