Mysore District Research Articles

Performance of front line demonstrations on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under rainfed conditions of Chamarajanagara district Karnataka state

Sunflower is an important oilseed crop of Karnataka. It plays a major role in increasing the income of small and marginal farmers of Southern Karnataka. The production of sunflower in Chamarajanagara district is very less compared to state and national average. The ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chamarajanagara district conducted 90 frontline demonstrations on sunflower covering an area of 36 ha of farmers'fields in villages viz., Kotamballi and Taggaluru during the year 2019 and 2020 to showcase latest production technologies in comparison with farmer's practice. Demonstrated technologies comprised short duration hybrid KBSH-78, recommended seed rate, sowing method, nutrient management, pest and disease management, and adoption of whole package of practices for the crop. The study revealed that the demonstrated technology recorded a mean yield of 996 kg/ha which was 235.35% higher than that obtained with farmers' practice (297 kg/ha). Higher benefit: cost ratio of 1.41 was obtained with improved technologies in comparison to farmers' practices (0.48). Therefore, there is a need to disseminate the improved technologies among the farmers with effective extension methods like training and demonstrations. The farmers should be encouraged to adopt the recommended package of practices for realizing higher returns.

Tuberculosis screening for pediatric household contacts in India: Time to adapt newer strategies under the National TB Elimination Programme!

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of screening pediatric household contacts (under the age of 15 years) for tuberculosis (TB) in India through verbal screening, tuberculin skin testing, and chest radiography at intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The study also aimed to determine the proportion of contacts who tested positive for TB and to describe the challenges in implementing regular follow-up. Current National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) guidelines only require verbal screening for contacts under 6 years old at TB treatment initiation. The study aimed to fill this knowledge gap and provide valuable insights for improving TB screening in pediatric household contacts in India. The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka, India from 2021 to 2022, and utilized a cohort study design to enroll contacts of index tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed under the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). Participants were followed up at regular intervals for one year to evaluate the effectiveness of TB screening in pediatric household contacts. In this study, 686 pediatric household contacts were enrolled and screened for tuberculosis (TB) using verbal symptom screening, tuberculin skin testing (TST), and chest radiography. Projected figures estimated that 0.8%, 42%, and 4% of contacts would test positive for symptomatic screening, TST, and chest radiography, respectively. TB cases were detected in 2.91% (1.84-4.38) of contacts, with females above 6 years of age having a 22% higher risk of contracting the infection than males above 6 to < 15 years. However, not all cases were subjected to TST and chest radiography. The primary reason for not investigating child contact for TB was their reported healthy or asymptomatic status. The implementation of regular screening intervals for tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest radiography, along with verbal screening, among pediatric household contacts under the age of 15 years seems to be beneficial for the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP), despite the challenges faced during implementation. Innovative strategies should be explored by NTEP to ensure effective implementation.

An Economic Analysis of Wheat Cultivation in North-Karnataka, India

Wheat is an important cereal crop in India as half of the population depends on wheat for food. The average wheat sown area of the country is 30.38 ha in the last five years from 2017-2022. The present paper was designed to study the cost of cultivation and return structure of wheat cultivation in Karnataka which comes under the peninsular zone where the total wheat cultivating area is 1.60 million ha. The study was undertaken in three major wheat-growing districts of Karnataka i.e., Belagavi, Vijayapura and Dharwad. The multistage random sampling method was followed for the selection of districts and farmers. The primary data was collected from 90 farmers (30 farmers from each district) and analyzed using tabular analysis. The results of the study revealed that per hectare total cost of cultivation of wheat at an aggregate level was ₹ 35,076.37 in which the share of the variable cost was 59.86 per cent and the fixed cost was 40.14 per cent. Among the variable costs, human labour cost was highest (21.95%) per hectare and in fixed cost, the rental value of land (34.63%) was highest. The gross return and net return obtained by the farmer were ₹ 54,786.56 and ₹ 19,710.18 and the return per rupee of expenditure was found to be 1.55 indicating that wheat is a profitable crop enterprise. However, the cost of production per quintal was found ₹ 1,869.60 and the profits obtained were ₹1,008.27 per quintal. Lack of labour and high cost of labour was the major problem in wheat cultivation. Hence, boosting up the mechanization may help to reduce the cost of cultivation. Using custom hiring centres and farmer producer organization approaches would better augment the mechanization in the wheat economy.

Impact of Cluster front-line Demonstrations on Productivity and Economics of Groundnut in Southern Transition Agro Climatic Zone (Zone-7) of Hassan District, Karnataka, India

Groundnut is a important commercial legume cum oilseed crop growing in Hassan district of Karnataka and there is a notable yield gaps found between the farmers and demonstration plots due to non adoption of improved agronomic technological practices and use of local varieties. Integrated crop management (ICM) practices in groundnut under cluster front-line demonstration were conducted by ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hassan during Summer seasons of 2018-19 to 2022with active participation of 250 groundnut growers with a objective of practicing improved agronomic practices over a 100 ha area in 5 consecutive years.The highest groundnut pod yield was achieved in demonstration plots with an mean of 1842.8kg/ha as compared to farmers practices with an mean of 1254.80kg/ha; which was 22.24 per cent higher yield as compared to farmers practices. The demonstration plots average mean of extension gap, technology gap and technology index were calculated as 281.20 kg/ha, 564 kg/ha, 26.75 per cent, respectively. The higher mean net returns of 62592.60/ha with B:C ratio of 2.35 was exhibited in improved agronomic practices demonstrated plot as compared to local practices (Rs.43897.60/ha). So it’s concluded that improved agronomic technological practices have high potential to increase the groundnut productivity through cluster front-line demonstration.

Assessment of beliefs and attitude towards blood donation among the population of Tumkur district: A cross sectional study

Background: Blood donation is crucial aspect of healthcare, ensuring steady supply of safe blood for medical treatments and emergencies. Understanding the beliefs, behaviors and opinions surrounding blood donation is essential for developing effective strategies to promote voluntary blood donation. This cross-sectional study aims to assess and analyze the factors influencing blood donation in Tumkur district of Karnataka, India. Methodology: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in Tumkur district over a period of six months. A total of 1000 subjects were included of age 18–65 years from different communities and socioeconomic backgrounds. The structured questionnaire was asked on demographics, knowledge, misunderstandings, previous donation history, willingness and decision-making variables. Results: The study found that while a majority (70%) of the participants were aware of the importance of blood donation, only small proportion (15%) had donated blood previously. Misconceptions and fear of needles were identified as key barriers to blood donation. Moreover, religious and cultural beliefs were observed to influence willingness to donate among certain communities. Younger age, higher education and positive experiences with blood donation drives were associated with an increased likelihood of future donation. Conclusion: Religious and cultural sensitivities should be taken into account when designing donation campaigns in specific communities. Engaging educational institutions and community organizations could play a pivotal role in promoting positive attitude towards blood donation among the youth. It is imperative for healthcare authorities to collaborate with local leaders and stakeholders to develop effective strategies for increasing voluntary blood donation rates in Tumkur district. Keywords: blood donation; beliefs; behaviors; opinions; Tumkur district

Non Suicidal Self-Injurious Behavior And Emotional Dysregulation Among College Students: Karnataka India

Background: It is necessary to understand that self-harm is the most common behavior in both suicide and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) though those are not interrelated. Both result in physical damage to better or cope, whereas behaviors related to suicide are undertaken to end the capacity to feel at all by ending one’s life. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore NSSI behavior and emotional dysregulation among college students and find relationship between NSSI behavior and emotional dysregulation. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out and total 896 college students were selected by multistage cluster sampling method from one district of Karnataka, India. The data was collected using FASM and DERS tool. Results: The study revealed that 21.9% of the participants were found to have NSSI behavior. Participants were having both minor behavior (66.84%) and severe behavior (71.94%) of NSSI. Mean age of onset of NSSI behavior was 16.88 years. The present study found significant relationship between NSSI behavior and emotional dysregulation (t value: 4.19, p value: &lt;0.01). Participants were having emotional dysregulation with mean value of 100.32. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM) Volume: 07 Issue: 10 | October - 2023 SJIF Rating: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930 © 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM26329 | Page 2 Conclusion: The findings of the study show the need to increase the awareness and understanding of NSSIs and to plan targeted interventions among college youth. An information booklet on emotion regulation strategies was developed by the researcher to improve students’ knowledge and awareness. Keywords NSSI (Non-suicidal self-injury), Emotional dysregulation, FASM (Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation) questionnaire, DERS (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale)

Measurement of natural ambient gamma radiation levels and estimation of population dose in tobacco-growing places of Karnataka state

Abstract Karnataka state is the fourth largest tobacco-growing state in India and Mysore district has large tobacco cultivation. The fertilizers contain the primary nutrients NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium). This is also responsible for enhancing the gamma radiation level in rural areas of cultivated land of tobacco growing places, in addition to the natural gamma radiation. The aim and objectives of the present study consist of the measurement of the natural ambient gamma radiation dose level, and dose to the public. The natural ambient gamma radiation levels in some tobacco growing places of the Karnataka state were measured by a scintillation survey meter. The ambient gamma absorbed dose rate in cultivated and non-cultivated land varies from 34.8±0.3 nGyh-1 to 226.2±5 nGyh-1, with a mean value of 84.77±1.9 nGyh-1, and 26.1±0.3 nGyh-1 to 182.7±4 nGyh-1, with a mean value 58.82±1.2 nGyh-1 respectively. The indoor and outdoor gamma absorbed dose rate of the villages of the study area varies from 52.2±0.4 nGyh-1 to 234.9±4.5 nGyh-1, with a mean value of 100.89±2.3 nGyh-1, and 30.45±0.5 nGyh-1 to 165.3±3.5 nGyh-1, with a mean value of 63.19±1.3 nGyh-1 respectively. The annual effective equivalent dose rate of the study area varies from 0.293mSvy-1 to 1.344mSvy-1, with a mean value of 0.572mSvy-1. The indoor, tobacco leaves stored houses and the cultivated land shows higher gamma radiation dose rates than the outdoor atmosphere of the villages and non-cultivated land. The present study was able to establish a baseline data of Annual Effective Dose (AED) and assess gamma radiation dose rate of the study area. The results were presented and analyzed systematically from the radiation protection point of view.

Clinico-Epidemiological Study Done at a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Ghats of South India and Outcome of Snakebite Cases

Background &amp; Objectives: Snakebite is a neglected public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical geographical zones. Management of snakebites require through examination, careful monitoring of vitals and assessment of envenomation. The epidemiological and clinical management data will provide an insight on the critical management issues and varied presentation.&#x0D; Methods: A retrospective observation study was conducted at Shripad Hegde Kadave Institute of Medical Sciences, Sirsi, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. Patients admitted to the hospital during the period from January 2019 to August 2022 were included for the study.&#x0D; Results: The data from a total of 78 participants was included for the analysis. The mean age was 38.56±17.28 years. Of the participants, 50 (64.10%) were male and 43 (52.12%) farmers by occupation. Majority of cases had haematotoxic symptoms (42.2%) followed by myotoxicity (33.3%). Predominant neurotoxicity was seen in only 2 (2.56%) of patients. 57 (73%) of participants had elevated INR ratio. Sixty-seven (85.9%) participants were medically managed and 10 (12.82%) required surgical intervention. Three (18.75%) participants had acute kidney injury. With respect to the final outcome, 71(91%) of participants were discharged after recovery.&#x0D; Interpretation and Conclusion: This study provided the vital insight on clinical presentation and management of snakebite in Western Ghats of South India. Snakebite majorly affected male and middle-aged people. Farmers were most affected and bites occurred more during monsoon season. Due to variation in local distribution of species of snakes’ predominantly higher variants of vipers (lower number of krait and cobra) haematotoxic symptoms and signs were the major clinical presentation.

A Comprehensive Review and Analysis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in School Children from South India

Background and Aim: According to the World Health Organization, close to 21% of India’s population may be affected by intestinal parasites, accounting for 39 million disability-adjusted life years, which may likely be due to substandard sanitation practices and insufficient personal hygiene standards. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of helminthic infections among school-aged children in the South Canara district of India. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving school children from nursery to the 8th Grade in the South Canara district of Karnataka, India. The presence of various intestinal parasites in different age groups was determined by performing routine stool microscopy. Modified acid-fast staining was performed for stool samples collected from children &lt;5 years of age for the detection of intestinal coccidian parasites. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyze age-related trends in relation to the prevalence of commonly detected intestinal parasites. Results: Intestinal parasites were identified in 10 of the 253 students (3.9%), with the highest incidence observed in the age group of 7–10 years (1.9%). The most prevalent parasite identified was the cysts of Giardia lamblia, with a prevalence of 7.54%, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm, each having a prevalence of 5.66%. Of the 253 students, 92.2% practiced handwashing with soap after defecation, while 7.8% did not use soap. The handwashing practices did not significantly vary across different age groups. Clinically, pallor was observed in 64.2% of the individuals. Conclusion: Giardiasis was the most common parasitic infection, followed by soil-transmitted helminths such as Ascariasis and hookworm. The level of hygiene practices among children exceeded the prevailing national and state standards.

Hydrogeochemical and water quality index (WQI) evaluated in Beedanahalli watershed T narasipura taluk mysore district, Karnataka, India

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Beedanahalli Watershed, hydrogeochemical experiments were conducted to evalu- ate the quality and suitability of groundwater for drinking. Thirty-one groundwater samples were taken in 2022’s pre and post-monsoon seasons. Groundwater’s physiochemical characteristics, including pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, and NO3-, were measured. The overall hydrochemistry of the groundwater samples in both seasons is shown in Gibb’s (1970) diagrams as occurring in the rock dominance field. Assessment of groundwater quality is important in the current situation. The primary goals of the current study are to evaluate and classify the groundwater quality for drinking. To evaluate the subsurface water in the study area, 14 distinct physiochemical parameters were examined. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) was attracted to make a comparative analysis of the values. The water quality index is one of the finest ways to determine whether groundwater is safe to drink (WQI). The extracted components show that topography, agronomic, rainfall, domestic sewerage, and production drain water were among the factors that caused the sources to exceed the allowable limit. The recent study indicated that some groundwater samples had extremely poor water quality, showing that the region is mostly affected by rock weathering and salt evaporating from the bedrock into the water supplies, posing a major threat to the natural ecosystem.58% and 51% of groundwater samples taken before and after the monsoon, respectively, were determined by the WQI index to be appropriate for drinking.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Genetical Variability among Ceratocystis fimbriata Isolates Causing Wilt Disease of Pomegranate

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit crop farmed all over the world, notably in the tropical and subtropical zones. It is afflicted by a number of diseases, the most serious of which is Ceratocystis fimbriata. Very little work is done on the genetical variability of C. fimbriata associated with pomegranate wilt in Karnataka and the morphological structures defining this species are reasonably defined, these characteristics are insufficient to recognize emergent grouping within C. fimbriata. The aim of this study is to confirm the identity of C. fimbriata isolates from pomegranate in Karnataka and to compare the DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1 and 4 regions) variability is the property of an organism to change its characters from one generation to the other. there is a need to study C. fimbriata based on molecular variability. Fifty isolates of C. fimbriata were amplified with a range of 600-650 bp length, twelve isolates were sequenced and deposited in the GenBank Maryland, USA database under the accession number KY038512- KY038523. All isolates from different districts of Karnataka show specific patterns of similarity according to geographical region.

Usefulness of structured teaching module in improving knowledge about cancer in Accredited Social Health Activist: A pilot study.

In India, the Accredited Social Health Activists (abbreviated as ASHA) are an important group of community health workers and are involved in initiating and maintaining health care programs in the rural communities they live. This study was conducted with a purpose to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching module in improving knowledge on cancer cause, diagnosis, and treatment in the ASHA workers. This was a cross-sectional pretest posttest study and was conducted from April 2017 to February 2020 with ASHA workers working in the various Primary Health Centers in Udupi and South Kanara districts of Karnataka and Kasargod district of Kerala in India after obtaining the permission from the medical officer in charge of the respective primary health centers. The participants were briefed about the study objective and also that confidentiality will be maintained. A validated investigator developed questionnaire consisting of 20 questions categorized into four domains (general, subject, diagnosis, and treatment aspects) was distributed to the willing volunteers before the start of the program. They were instructed to fill the pretest form before and posttest after the teaching program. Informed content was taken in a separate sheet and volunteers were informed not to write any personal or identification details. Resource persons with experience in cancer cause, diagnosis and treatment delivered the structured talk in the local language Kannada. The data collected from the filled questionnaires were subjected to frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation and appropriately subjected to Chi-square test or paired t-test. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The demographic detail suggest that majority of the women were Hindus (79.3%), married (93.7%), between the age of 31-40 (46.7%) and had only matriculation as the highest education (68%). The analysis of the pretest administration collected before the start of teaching program indicates that most participants were aware of self-breast examination (79.74%) and that cancer is a disease as old as human civilization (70.26%), while only 8.82% were unaware of which is the leading type of cancer in rural women. The results analyzed from posttest indicate that the highest percentage change (323.96%) was observed for domain on treatment aspects followed by for general (64.03%), diagnosis (56.70%), and subject (36.42%) aspect and was significant (P < 0.001). The total mean values changed from 6.48 ± 2.01 in pretest to 11.81 ± 2.15 in posttest indicating an increase of 5.33 ± 1.91 and percentage change of 82.25% (P < 0.001). The results also showed that 60.8% had average, while 39.2% had good increment in the knowledge at the end of the program. The observations of the current study indicate the usefulness of the structured teaching module in improving knowledge on cancer cause, diagnosis and treatment in the ASHA workers. It is proposed that with further training ASHA workers can be very useful in the propagation of cancer awareness and screening in the community they serve.

Assessing Asian Elephant Habitat Preferences in the Central Western Ghats Using GIS, Remote Sensing, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are geospatial technologies that have been widely utilized in environmental science for decades, including data collecting and analysis on animal physical disability, wilderness modeling, and site assessment. Remote sensing technology has been employed in the present investigation. GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods were used to assess the habitat preferences of Asian elephants. Use satellite imagery and topographic maps to create environments and habitats, including land use cover (LULC), static vegetation (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), water, Digital Elevation models (DEM), line and aspect. Next comes the use of AHP to determine the location, select the location's priority and distribution pattern. This study examined the habitat preferences of Asian elephants in the Shakleshpur Taluk in the Central Western Ghats in the Karnataka district of Hassan.The results show that 16 percent of the land and 18 percent of the population is covered with forests. Most places have an altitude of 25° to 40° and an altitude of 800 m and 1000 m. The amount of water in the region is limited to the habitat of the elephants. Habitats inhabited by elephants highlight the need for good management inside and outside protected areas to protect these elephants, especially in areas of translocation, to ensure that habitats are compatible. This information will be useful to people working to safeguard Asian elephants and their surroundings in the Western Ghats.

Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis E virus among the voluntary blood donors in the coastal region of Karnataka, India

Background: Hepatitis E is a fecal orally transmitted disease and an emerging transfusion transmissible infection with potential transfusion safety implications. Hepatitis E Virus screening among blood donors is not routinely done despite the fact that it is endemic in India. As there are very few reports and evidence, the justification for mandating HEV screening among blood donors is still only marginally convincing. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the incidence and prevalence of HEV infection among blood donors in Coastal Karnataka, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. A total of 1939 blood donors were randomly selected between June 2020 to June 2022 to participate in the study, where anti-HEV IgM antibody screening was performed using HEV IgM ELISA test kit (DiaPro, Italy). Further, a randomly selected 588 and 1620 pooled donor samples were screened for anti-HEV IgG antibodies and HEV RNA, respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of HEV IgM antibodies among study population is found to be 1.39%, with a statistically significant difference between males and females (n=20, 1.18% vs. n=7, 3.07 %; p=0.027). The prevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was 11.39%. Exposure to agriculture, animal husbandry, and poor hand hygiene were significant risk factors for HEV IgG reactivity. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of HEV viral markers in the study population, routine screening of blood donors for risk factors and implementation of serologic testing in endemic areas may be considered.

Euphorbia yadgirensis sp. nov., (Euphorbiaceae) from Karnataka state, India

Euphorbia yadgirensis is a new species described and illustrated from the scrub forest of Rayangole village, Yadgiri District of Karnataka, India. It belongs to E. subg. Chamaesyce sect. Hypercifoliae and resembles Euphorbia kadapensis. However, it differs in nature of stipules and bracteole, structure of limbs, lack of sutures on capsules, etc.

Mapping Asian Elephant Habitat Suitability Index in Alur Taluk, Central Western Ghats: A GIS, Remote Sensing, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Approach for Conservation Assessment

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are geospatial technologies that have been used for decades in environmental science, including the collection and analysis of data on the physical disabilities of animals, and modelling of wilderness and site assessment. In this study, remote sensing technology was used. GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods were used to assess the habitat index of Asian elephants. Use of satellite imagery and topographic maps to create environments and habitats, including land use cover (LULC), vegetation (NDVI), water, and elevation models (DEM). Next comes the use of AHP to determine the location, select the location's priority and distribution pattern. This study used to evaluate Asian elephant habitat preference in the Central Western Ghats region of Alur taluk in Hassan district of Karnataka .The results show that 30 percent of the land is covered with forests and 59 percent of the land with population. Most places have an altitude of 8° to 25° and an altitude of 900 m and 1000 m. The amount of water in the region is not limited to the habitat of the elephants. Habitats inhabited by elephants highlight the need for good management inside and outside protected areas to protect these elephants, especially in areas of translocation, to ensure that habitats are compatible. This information will assist those involved in protecting Asian elephants and their environment in the central Western Ghats region.

Outbreak of Army Worm, &lt;i&gt;Leucania albistigma&lt;/i&gt; Moore on Maize with Notes on Taxonomy and Management

Army worms and cut worms are pests of crops and assume serious pest status occasionally causing significant damage to agricultural crops. Present study report the incidence and taxonomic identity of the pest which occurred in outbreak form causing severe defoliation on maize over 1000 ha in Shivamogga district of Karnataka. Infestation was also noticed on the adjoining fields of sorghum and rice at negligible level. Through morphological characters including genitalia and DNA barcoding, the taxonomic identity of Leucania albistigma Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as army worm in outbreak form is reported herewith for the first time from India. As its taxonomic information was scanty, redescription of all the stages has been provided. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis revealed that species of the genera Leucania have a close relationship with those of Mythimna. Spatial distribution indices analysed indicated the uniform distribution in soil but aggregated distribution on maize. Select insecticides were evaluated in field targeting larvae with spray and with poison bait in randomised block design. Treatments with poison bait outperformed spray formulations, indicating that the larval behaviour could be exploited for management. Species of army worms are polyphagous and occur frequently in the Indian subcontinent, the taxonomic, ecological and management studies undertaken in the present study forms a basis for future monitoring of species identity and outbreaks on cereal crops.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Pharmacist’s Role in the Management of Tuberculosis Disease in the Belagavi District of Karnataka, India

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Pharmacist’s Role in the Management of Tuberculosis Disease in the Belagavi District of Karnataka, India

FINANCIAL LITERACY AMONG YOUNGSTERS: A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BELTHANGADY TALUK

A strong financial system indicates healthy economic growth. Financial literacy is a stepping stone for financial inclusion. For the successful implementation of various schemes of financial inclusion, financial literacy is the primary stage. Literacy merely reflects knowledge and skill through education, whereas financial literacy indicates the skill and knowledge to manage the financial activities in everyday life. The Indian education system through its well defined curriculum tries to build the overall personality of the individual and helps to enhance peoples access to current and upcoming changes in the economy. In this era of digitalisation, the education system should put more emphasis towards financial literacy. Financial literacy opens up a world of possibilities for young minds by empowering their financial knowledge. This paper tries to explore financial literacy among youngsters, especially focusing on young students pursuing their pre-degree, undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Belthangady taluk of Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. KEYWORDS: Financial literacy, knowledge, skill, development, financial inclusion

Effect of Solar Powered Cooling System to Counteract Heat Stress in Stall Fed HF Deoni Crossbred Cows

Background: During summer the environmental conditions exceeds beyond threshold limit, that enhances heat gain beyond that lost from the body and induces heat stress in cows. The higher temperature and heat stress increases respiration rate, rectal temperature and temperature humidity index, which affects health of the cows. The objective of the study was to create favourable environmental conditions to reduce heat stress and to improve the performance of the cows. Methods: The solar powered cooling system was developed and installed at Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur District of Karnataka. The functional components of the developed cooling system are foggers, timer-switch, solar panels, battery, water tank, charge controller and hosepipe. The solar panels act as an energy source for the operation pump and the 4-way fogger assembly provides the fogging of water and creates a healthy environment by reducing the air temperature. The system assessment was carried out with 3 levels of variables of foggers (6, 12 and 18 foggers), height of fogger (2.25, 2.50 and 2.75 m) and operational time interval (2, 4 and 6 min). These were statistically analysed along with air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), and respiration rate (RR) were also measured. Result: The AT, RH and RR was significantly influenced by the treatment combinations of selected variables and it was found that reduction of 9.2 oC in AT and 49 % (29 breaths min-1) in RR and 47 % increase in RH (66 %) were recorded at 18 foggers at 2.75 m height with 4 min operational time interval. Thus, the developed cooling system was significant (P less than 0.001) in creating optimum environmental conditions for the wellbeing of milch animals.