Districts In Indonesia Research Articles

Development Potential of Fisheries as a Maritime Activity in Supporting Area Planning

This paper aimed to identify and discuss the gains on the development of fishery, maritime tourism and community engagement towards the regional planning of Belakang Padang District in Indonesia. Based on both exploratory and explanatory qualitative and quantitative data collected for the study, the study establishes and examines the economic, cultural, and environment opportunities and barriers to region development in the district. The studies show that fisheries are the largest and most important economy sector that influences the planning of regions; at the same time, the challenges are observed in terms of outdated technique and restricted access to markets. Maritime tourism has a lot of prospects and long-term influences for countries but it is restricted by the lack of sufficient infrastructure and capital. The study also highlights a major research agenda concerning the lack of citizenship in planning where most of the local actors are rarely involved in planning processes. Environmental sustainability as an additional challenge was discovered with pollution together with the inadequate disposal of wastes contributing to the harm of the district’s development. Therefore, the study recommends an integrated regional development plan, focusing on the modernization of fisheries, tourism development, participation of community and conservation of the environment as key factors for sustainable development of Belakang Padang. Hence the research is useful in the existing literature on sustainable coastal development and charles district future planning activities.

Evaluating the role of insect pollinators in the viability of true seeds of shallot in tropical agroecosystems

Pollen transfer in tropical agroecosystems to increase seed production has received limited research, notably on shallot pollination and insect pollinators. This study evaluated how insect pollinators optimize shallot seed production in tropical agroecosystems, i.e. Batu and Malang Districts in Indonesia. This study was conducted from June to October in 2023. We examined pollinator diversity, foraging behavior, and the effectiveness of dominating insect pollinators during umbel flower anthesis, as well as visiting insect foraging and visiting patterns. We assessed pollinator effectiveness by comparing visitation rates under four treatments. A total of 21 insect species belonging to three orders visited the shallot flowers, of which 14 species have the potential to act as pollinators. Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) emerged as potentially effective pollinators. Air temperature significantly influenced pollinator activity in visiting anthesis umbels. Evaluations of pollinator efficiency showed that A. cerana was more efficient than L. sericata in promoting the production of true shallot seed and has a significant role in ensuring high-quality pollination. This highlights the necessity of comprehending the specialized contributions of pollinators for shallot seed production.

O45 INDIVIDUAL VS. HEALTH SYSTEM FACTORS IN HYPERTENSION CONTROL PERFORMANCE: DISTRICT-LEVEL CARE CASCADE ANALYSIS

Background: High-quality health systems are crucial for achieving optimal health outcomes, particularly in managing chronic conditions like hypertension. Effective hypertension control reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study examines the relative importance of individual factors (social determinants of health, SDOH) versus health system factors in influencing the stages of the hypertension care cascade in Indonesia, focusing on the controlled rate as the endpoint. This study aims to analyze which factors impact the hypertension care cascade. Methods: The performance of 514 districts in Indonesia was analyzed using multivariate regression. Dependent variables included the percentages of individuals ever tested, diagnosed, treated, and controlled for hypertension. Independent variables encompassed healthcare resource availability, socioeconomic factors, and demographic factors. Results: The regression analysis revealed several key findings: The physician ratio positively and significantly impacted all stages of the care cascade, with coefficients increasing from 0.087 in testing to control 0.356 (p<0.01 for all). The midwife ratio positively influenced testing (0.072), diagnosis (0.135), and treatment (0.160) but not control (0.016, p>0.1). Conversely, Average years of schooling positively correlated with testing (0.111, p<0.05). GNI PPP per capita was positively associated with testing (0.235, p<0.01), diagnosis (0.189, p<0.05), and treatment (0.228, p<0.05), but not control (-0.253, p>0.1). Median age showed a strong positive association across all stages, with coefficients of 1.212 for testing, 1.443 for diagnosis, 1.509 for treatment, and 1.274 for control (p<0.01 for all). Regression shows a pattern that while individual SDOH significantly influenced the early stages of the care cascade (testing and diagnosis), these factors had minimal impact on the control rate. Instead, health system performance was particularly critical for achieving control. Conclusion: Individual SDOHs are more influential in the early stages of the care cascade, while health system factors are crucial for controlling hypertension. Efforts to improve hypertension management should focus on enhancing health system resources to achieve better control rates and reduce CVD risks.

Transmission Channel of Agriculture Food Import Tariff to Stunting Prevalence

Increases in food prices affect poverty in a way that poor consumer is harmed due to the high proportion of their budget they spent on food. Stunting prevalence might be instigated by several factors such as access to food and nutrition intake, genetic and environment. This research aims to analyse the effect of food import tariffs towards the stunting prevalence of children aged under 5 (five) across districts in Indonesia, and we explore the indirect relationship between stunting prevalence and trade policy. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, followed by Focus Group. Secondary data were obtained from relevant institutions such as the Central Statistics Agency, research journals, and related books. The method of data analysis in the study uses quantitative analysis with a mathematical model. The results showed that tariffs can reduce the consumption of foods that serve in the intake of dietary nutrients such as calories, protein and fat. As a result, food intake affects the prevalence of stunting. Trade liberalisation can have a beneficial impact on child health. The effects of trade liberalisation on stunting through the food channel include: a) trade has a significant effect on calorie, protein, and fat intake, b) intake of these nutrients has a significant effect on child stunting.

Spatial Data Handling System in The Nasai Village Area, South Papua

Merauke Regency is one of the districts in the South Papua Province, geographically located between 1370 - 1410 East Longitude and 50 - 90 South Latitude. With an area of ​​up to 45,013.35 km2 or 38.2 percent of the total area of ​​South Papua Province, making Merauke Regency the largest district not only in South Papua Province but also among other districts in Indonesia. Administratively, Merauke Regency has 22 districts. With the expansion of new provincial territories, Merauke Regency became part of South Papua Province along with Boven Digoel, Asmat and Mappi Regencies. This expansion is based on Law No. 14 of 2022. Merauke has 22 districts/sub-districts and 190 villages. The existence of 190 villages means that spatial data collection is still considered a normal thing, even though spatial data collection in an area is very important, especially with current technological advances. Accurate and integrated management of spatial data is important in planning and decision making in a region, especially in the Nasai Village area, South Papua. This research aims to examine a comprehensive spatial data handling system in this area, using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology as a tool. The methods used in this research include identifying needs and problems related to spatial data, collecting spatial and non-spatial data, as well as designing an integrated geographic information system. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide an overview of the current condition of spatial data management in Nasai Village and provide system recommendations that can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of geographic information management in the area.

Parental Migration and the Social and Mental Well-Being Challenges among Indonesian Left-Behind Children: A Qualitative Study.

Parental labour migration, of either one or both parents, has been associated with various challenges among left-behind children (LBC). However, there is a limited understanding of the LBC's own views and experiences of social and mental well-being and how the new daily life circumstances they encounter following their parents' migration impact them. This study aimed to understand the influence of parental migration and its aftermath on the social and mental well-being of adolescents (referred to as LBC) in two rural districts in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative design, data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with LBC (n = 24) aged 14 to 18 years, recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data were thematically analysed, guided by a qualitative data analysis framework. The findings showed that parental migration negatively impacted the social well-being of LBC. This impact was reflected in negative labelling from friends and changes in familial roles which influenced their social interactions and activities with peers. Parental migration was also associated with challenges to the mental well-being of LBC. These manifested in the LBC experiencing fractured emotional bonds, leading to negative emotions, including stress, anxiety, sadness, depression, frustration, loss of motivation, and self-imposed isolation, which were associated with their parents' migration and abrupt disruptions in parent-child communication. The transition to new life situations with caregivers after parental migration and the dynamics within the caregivers' households were additional factors that detrimentally affected their mental well-being. Unmet basic needs and educational needs due to financial hardships faced by mothers and caregivers further exacerbated mental health challenges for the children. The findings indicate the importance and improvement of policies and interventions in Indonesia (e.g., counselling services, non-cash food assistance, family hope program, direct cash assistance) that cover and address the diverse needs of mothers or caregivers and the LBC.

Does decentralisation promote learning? Local political settlements and education policies in Indonesia

ABSTRACT This article examines the effect of local political settlements on education policies in a decentralised political system. Under what conditions does decentralisation promote learning-enhancing policies? Despite the numerous works on decentralisation and education, little is known about how local politics influences student learning. We develop a novel approach to the politics of education policies by looking at the effect of local political settlements on education policymaking. Using a heuristic case study method comparing three districts in Indonesia, we found that constraints on the discretionary power of the district head over employment decisions in the bureaucracy matter for the development of learning-enhancing policies. Such a constraint can pave the way for the development of the bureaucratic capacity required for local governments to pursue quality-promoting reforms. In the absence of such a constraint, the extent to which district governments will implement learning-enhancing policies depends on district heads’ commitment to learning.

Health and socioeconomic development and morbidity: A district case in Indonesia

There was a substantial inequality in health status across districts in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between health and socioeconomic development and morbidity in districts in Indonesia. The data used came from the Indonesia Database Policy and Economic Research (INDO-DAPOER) of the World Bank. The unit analysis was district. The observation period was 2011 and 2014. Multiple regression analysis was employed to study the impacts of health and socioeconomic development on morbidity in districts in Indonesia. The dependent variable was the morbidity rate. The health and socioeconomic development variables included the time, number of medical doctors, number of health centres and its line services, monthly per capita household health expenditure, and access to safe sanitation. The results of the study indicate that, in districts in Indonesia, lower morbidity rate was significantly associated with increasing time, higher number of medical doctor, higher number of health centres and its line services, higher monthly per capita household health expenditure, and higher access to safe sanitation. These results imply that to reduce morbidity rate, the regional governments in Indonesia should improve their health and socioeconomic development.

EFL GRADUATE STUDENTS’ VOICES ON THEIR TECHNOLOGY-INTEGRATED CLASSROOM LANGUAGE TASKS

This qualitative study delves closely into graduate students’ reflective-evaluative voices on technology-integrated classroom language tasks they found useful and challenging in Introduction to Digital Technology (IDT) class in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting at a private university in Central Java, Indonesia. The study also focuses on exploring the students’ practical recommendations to improve the quality of teaching and learning activities in the class. To meet the research goals, seven EFL graduate students participated in this study by answering closed and open-ended questions in a Google Form. For data triangulation, three of them participated in an in-depth semi-structured interview to clarify their responses to the questionnaire. The research findings inform that writing the literature review discussing realities of technology use in schools and districts in Indonesia and writing the report for technology workshop activities for school teachers seemed to be the most useful activities for the students in the IDT class. Besides the writing parts, conducting the technology workshop for the school teachers was another useful activity for the students. Although useful, the students considered the writing activities as one of the most challenging tasks in the course. Other findings, including reasons why the students found the tasks useful and challenging, as well as practical ways to improve the teaching and learning activities in the class, were then discussed in light of the relevant literature. The overall discussions might tell the success and challenges of the integration of technology in language teaching and learning, research, and community service activities in a higher education context in Indonesia. Recommendations for future research are presented.

Social Engineering for Reducing Hypertension Case in Indonesia: a Qualitative Study in a Rural Area

Consuming foods with a large amount of salt is an unhealthy lifestyle that raises blood pressure. People currently love salty foods in Indonesia. One of district in Indonesia called Jeneponto referred to hypertension as Nai’ Cera. The Jeneponto community consumes more significant salty food higher than the provincial average for South Sulawesi. An intervention study was carried out to change the habit of consuming high salt, smoking and drinking coffee. This study is qualitative with participatory action research approach. The in-depth interviews and focused group discussion were addressed to twenty-two informants which involved in an intervention program. Social engineering became the key-point to socialize the importance of the program. Well-trained local people recruited as an agent of change. They followed the social engineering intervention and focused on what people need to reduce hypertension. The program raised awareness on hypertension towards their lives by educating as well as discussing on their risky habits on over consumptions fatty, sugar, salt substances. The successful behavior changes in this program comprised several keys to consider such as: the intervention locations, the closest relationship towards the agent, the agent as frontliner, sustainability of the program, and commitment of all components of intervention.

Indonesian Twitter User Sentiment towards PeduliLindungi App in Strengthening Smart Living during COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed lifestyles in counties and cities in just a few months by putting technology at the forefront of fighting the pandemic. Handling COVID-19 can show technological disparities and inequalities between different cities, given the COVID-19 condition that continues to plague various towns and districts in Indonesia. One of the steps to handle it, namely providing national-scale public services with a COVID-19 tracker application called PeduliLindungi. Using the PeduliLindungi app in each city and Regency is a form of Smart City implementation in Indonesia, especially in the Smart Living dimension. PeduliLindungi is a must-have app for residents who move or enter public facilities to create a safe and healthy city during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the WFH trend, Twitter has become an abundant data source to collect public opinion regarding PeduliLindungi applications needed to improve service quality. This study aims to analyze Twitter users’ sentiments towards the PeduliLindungi app usage in the context of strengthening smart living. Sentiment analysis was performed in this study using the VADER Sentiment towards tweets dataset collected over two different periods. The results show that the Indonesian government effectively uses Twitter to answer questions and share COVID-19 and PeduliLindungi-related information with the public. Negative sentiment was expressed more towards the PeduliLindungi app than positive sentiment due to public unrest over data security and constraints encountered in using the PeduliLindungi app.

Abstract MP68: Strategic Placement of New Cathlab in the Largest Archipelago Country: Geospatial Analysis of Cathlab Coverage in Indonesia

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a special disease because treatment is significantly based on the time required to receive treatment. The standard gold treatment for ACS is Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), which would need Cathlab. The number of cathlabs increased significantly in Indonesia from 112 cathlabs in 2017 to 310 cathlabs in 2022. However, most cathlabs were built in areas that already had cathlabs. Despite the massive increase in the cathlab, it only slightly reduces the maldistribution (the GINI ratio decreases from 0.54 to 0.48). In response to the problem, the Ministry of Health (MoH) plans to build a cathlab in all 514 districts in Indonesia. Purpose: The idea of increasing the distribution of cathlab is extraordinary. But a new question arises: do we need to build cathlab in 514 District? Will the decision to make cathlabs in each district be effective and efficient? Methods: The cathlab location data was collected through a direct survey and site data mining. The total population and road network data are taken from an open-source geospatial system. Data were then analysed using GIS nearest-neighbor analysis to find the travel time to the nearest cathlab facility at the sub-district level. The results were then mapped on the Choropleth map. Location-Allocation Analysis was used to find the best location to build a new lab. The condition of each province was assessed using two indicators, time travel and volume. Time travel is the time a specific population needs to access the nearest cathlab. Faster time travel increases the likelihood of better outcomes. The population volume measures the number of required cathlabs by the population. The European Association of PCI recommends having one cathlab for a 500,000-650,000 people. Results: Our study found that Indonesia has a population of 330 Cathlab or 1.2 Cath per 1 million. Using geospatial analysis, these 330 categories can cover 47.5% (129 million) of the population below 1 hour and 68.1% (185 million) of the people below 2 hours. Using location-allocation analysis, we found 130 potential hospitals to get the cathlab located strategically, which will increase the coverage to 85% of the population below 2 hours of travel time. However, doubling the new cathlab to 265 cathlab only increases the range to 87%. Conclusions: Increasing the number of catheters without considering population coverage will only increase inefficiencies. The study results show that the efficient number of cathlab increases is obtained at 85% coverage with an increase of 130 cathlabs. This is due to the nature of the archipelagic country that is hindered by remote islands, high-altitude areas without roads, and some isolated areas between mountains. Different methods are needed to treat the remaining 15% of the population. Fibrinolytics have the advantage of having a low fixed cost and can still be performed in a hospital with limited facilities.

The Geography of Human Capital: Insights from the Subnational Human Capital Index in Indonesia

This paper explores the spatial heterogeneity in the human capital potential of Indonesia’s next generation by constructing and analyzing sub-national human capital indices (HCI) for 34 provinces and 514 districts in Indonesia. The paper identifies data and methodological constraints in the construction of these sub-national indices and proposes and implements strategies to overcome these challenges. Several interesting findings emerge from the analysis. First, Indonesian’s young generation can only achieve 53% of their future productivity relative to the full benchmark of health and education. Second, the variation in aggregate human capital potential across space in Indonesia is staggering: some parts of country are almost at par with countries like Vietnam and China while others have human capital levels that are comparable to Chad, Niger, and Sierra Leone. Third, differences in learning outcomes as measured by harmonized test scores account for the largest share of the variation in human capital across Indonesia, suggesting that the challenge of providing quality education remains one of the most important obstacles to equalizing opportunities for the next generation of Indonesians. And fourth, the correlation between government spending and performance on HCI at the district level appears rather weak, reinforcing conclusions reached by other recent studies that have highlighted the importance of focusing on the quality of spending. Finally, this paper also shows that Indonesia’s human capital registered a modest improvement from 0.50 in 2013 to 0.53 in 2018 with stronger progress observed among the already top performing provinces.

Water Pollution and Its Correlation to Mineral Water Consumption Expenditure

Water is a basic need for human life. However, challenges of access to clean and healthy water are increasingly being by pollution. This condition forces households to pay for clean and healthy mineral water. This study examines the distribution of water pollution levels and household mineral water consumption in Indonesia. It examines the relationship between water pollution and the spending the household mineral water consumption. The data used in this study are water pollution level data for 2021 from the raw data of PODES 2021 and spending of consumption the household mineral water data from the raw data of the SUSENAS 2021. Both data were analyzed using correlation analysis to calculate the r value. Then the data is presented in a map of the distribution of water pollution and mineral water consumption spending by districts in Indonesia. The results showed that the correlation of the two variables had a positive value of 0.026. Even though the relationship is not very strong, this proves that the higher the water pollution, the greater the spending for household consumption of mineral water.. Kalimantan Island is an area with a high water pollution level. In the distribution of mineral water consumption expenditure for households, Indonesia is classified as having a low consumption level, while DKI Jakarta Province is an area that has high mineral water consumption expenditure of an average of IDR 183,396/month.

An analysis of the implementation of COVID-19 handling and control governments in Indonesia

The novel coronavirus has caused 6.85 million human deaths worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) says the coronavirus is here to stay, despite the declining trend of cases, but serious efforts are needed from all elements of society to end this global health crisis. Indonesia is one of the countries that is very consistent in suppressing the spread of the virus, one of the breakthroughs made is activating local government tools for prevention and serious handling. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the Coronavirus prevention and handling model carried out by local governments throughout Indonesia. The results of this study prove that as many as 38 provinces with 415 districts in Indonesia have not been able to maximally implement the coronavirus prevention and handling model following the framework formulated by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, this is due to many factors, including; the work culture of the state apparatus, weak middle-level management, as well as weak monitoring and evaluation issues.

Rural Indonesian adolescents’ smoking behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid survey and cotinine test of school-attend adolescents in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

The COVID-19 pandemic is predicted to affect adolescent smoking behaviours. We aim to map profiles of adolescents’ smoking behaviours in a rural district in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and validate their smoking exposures using cotinine tests. This study applied an online survey followed by cotinine tests for high-school students in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The participants were asked to complete the survey and participate in a cotinine test. Univariate and multivariate regressions were performed to seek potential determinants of the smoking status and diagnostic accuracy of the cotinine test. A total of 281 participants completed the survey, with 19.6% (n = 55) and 22.8% (n = 64) being ever-smokers and current smokers. The impacts of the pandemics on their smoking behaviours were found in the urgency and numbers of daily smoked cigarettes. Univariate regression analysis revealed age, gender, learning mode, and whether father/friend smokes correlate with the adolescents’ smoking behaviours. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the odds of planning to stop smoking were 0.01 (95% CI 0.001–0.22, p-value 0.003) for having positive attitudes towards cigarettes compared to none. Of the 65 cotinine tests, 19 tested positive, with the sensitivity and specificity of the cotinine test at 94.7% and 95.6%. The prevalence of adolescent smoking during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gunung Kidul is high, with the impacts of the pandemic on the urgency and number of cigarette smoke. There are opportunities to help them stop smoking by providing reliable quit-tobacco access and advocacy in collaboration with schools, parents, and health providers.

Efforts to Alleviate Underdeveloped Areas by Clustering Regional Characteristics in Indonesia

This study aims to cluster the underdeveloped regions in Indonesia according to the criteria of the underdeveloped indicator to mitigate the underdeveloped regions in Indonesia. This research was conducted to help the various efforts made by the government to deal with the underdeveloped regions, by grouping the underdeveloped regions, it is hoped that the government can focus on increasing the dominant criteria in the regions according to the cluster. The grouping method used is K-means with the results of 62 underdeveloped districts in Indonesia divided into 3 clusters. The first cluster includes 23 districts grouped based on human resource criteria, the second cluster consists of 28 districts based on infrastructure/facilities criteria, and the third cluster consists of 11 districts based on economics criteria.

Differences in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding hypertension by access to a community-based screening program (POSBINDU): A cross-sectional study from four districts in Indonesia.

A high prevalence of hypertension is found in Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs) including in Indonesia. However, hypertension awareness, treatment, and control are relativity poor. A community-based program to screen and educate people on non-communicable disease prevention (POSBINDU) was launched by the Indonesian government. However, the association between participation in the POSBINDU program with increasing knowledge, attitude, and practice of hypertension has not been widely assessed. In this study, we compared the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among people who accessed the POSBINDU and those who did not access the POSBINDU program. Subsequently, factors associated with the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among people who accessed the POSBINDU and those who did not access the POSBINDU were explored. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design measuring the knowledge, attitudes, and practices for hypertension control in four districts in Indonesia from October 2019 to January 2020. A total of 1,988 respondents were included in this study. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hypertension. Simple logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation between the characteristics of respondents and knowledge, attitudes, and practice status. Multiple logistic regression tests were conducted to investigate factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practice status. We found that people who accessed POSBINDU had higher odds of having better knowledge (aOR:1.4; 95%CI:1.2-1.8), however, accessed to POSBINDU was associated with lower attitudes (aOR:0.6; 85%CI: 0.5-0.7) and had no association with hypertension-related practice. People who accessed POSBINDU have an association with good knowledge, but the association with good attitude and practice was less clear. Therefore, an improvement in the POSBINDU program is needed to increase the attitudes and practices of hypertension.

Analysis of Barriers and Drivers for Individuals in Preventing the Spread of COVID-19: A Case Study of the Implementation of the 3M Protocol in Small Districts in Indonesia

Analysis of Barriers and Drivers for Individuals in Preventing the Spread of COVID-19: A Case Study of the Implementation of the 3M Protocol in Small Districts in Indonesia

The Relationship of Government Support in the Tourism Sector to the Level of Economic Inclusivity in the Regions

Economic development that creates broad access and opportunities for all segments of society, fosters equitable prosperity, and reduces disparities between groups and regions has been a global challenge up to today. The lack of an inclusive economy leads to higher inequality in regions, specifically for underprivileged communities in underdeveloped regions. In line with this, the government has encouraged the development of new tourism to boost economic growth aiming to reduce regional development disparities. However, empirical studies that prove the relationship between tourism and economic inclusiveness still need to be completed due to limited data in measuring economic inclusiveness. Using the Inclusive Development Index with panel data regression from 514 districts in Indonesia from 2016 to 2019, it is expected that this study will contribute to the literature, primarily related to inclusive tourism development. This study detected that government spending has a significant but adverse relationship with the level of economic inclusivity in the regions.