Abstract A description is provided for Cladosporium chlorocephalum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Red spot of peony, occurring on leaves, petioles and stems of host. HOSTS: Paeonia arborea, P. officinalis, P. suffruticosa (Paeoniaceae ). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: NORTH AMERICA: Canada (Quebec, 3: 138), USA (Alaska, Alabama, Connecticut, District of Colombia, Delaware, Illinois (8: 293), Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, West Virginia). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (18: 478). ASIA: Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan. AUSTRALASIA: New Zealand. EUROPE: Bulgaria (38: 147), Czech Republic, Denmark, France (28: 510), Italy, Germany, Latvia, Moldavia, Poland, Romania (16: 20), Russia, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia and on dead remains of old plants.