Municipal District Research Articles

ESORFRANKI PIPELINES (PTY) LTD v MOPANI DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY [2022] ZACC 41

The Constitutional Court, in the recent case of Esorfranki Pipelines (Pty) Ltd v Mopani District Municipality ([2022] ZACC 41), had to decide whether a tenderer, whose tender failed as a result of the intentional misconduct of the State, could claim damages in delict from the State for loss of profits (par 1). The High Court and the Supreme Court of Appeal both applied the res iudicata rule, holding that the matter had already been raised. In both instances the courts also found that wrongfulness and causation had not been proven. The Constitutional Court, in applying the principle of subsidiarity, held that wrongfulness had not been proven. The purpose of the case note is to show that the reasons advanced by the courts for not allowing the delictual claim, are based on incorrect applications of the legal principles.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ МОЧЕКАМЕННОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ В ЯРОСЛАВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In modern society, urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases. The study of trends in the incidence and prevalence of the disease is important in practical medicine. The estimated annual increase in urolithiasis is about 3%. The causes of this phenomenon are discussed, and so far they are not fully known. The purpose of the study is to assess the cumulative incident and prevalence of urolithiasis among the adult population living in various municipal districts of the Yaroslavl region based on the analysis of statistical reports of state medical institutions and medical documentation for the period from 2018 to 2023. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the statistical data of the work of state medical organizations of the Yaroslavl region for this period was carried out. An analysis of the total number of adult patients attached, changes in the number of patients attached, and the total number of patients diagnosed with urolithiasis was performed using the relevant International Classification of Diseases codes N20.0, N20.1, N20.2, N20.9, N23.Results and discussions. The results showed that in the city of Yaroslavl over the past 6 years there has been a natural increase in the adult population. However, a decrease in numbers was recorded between 2020 and 2021, possibly due to the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is also a steady trend towards a decrease in the adult population in regions outside the regional center. Conclusion: It can be noted that urolithiasis is a widespread chronic disease of the urogenital system among the adult population living in various areas of the Yaroslavl region.

Bulk water services delivery challenges in the Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in South Africa's North West Province

AbstractThis study thoroughly examines the difficulties in providing bulk water services in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in the North West Province, with the end goal of giving comprehensive suggestions for operational and strategic improvements. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, employing semistructured interviews for gathering data from officials of various municipalities responsible for overseeing infrastructure within the geographical confines of the municipalities they serve. The findings identified themes indicative of the focus areas contributing to the bulk water services delivery challenges. These emphasized the importance of fostering a collaborative work environment, thus promoting organizational learning, and implementing effective change management to elevate service delivery standards. It identifies the necessity for heightened operational efficiency and advocates for a cultural shift within municipal operations. Strategic planning, marked by the creation and regular refinement of master plans, is highlighted alongside the implementation of robust project management practices. The study emphasizes the critical need for synchronizing municipal planning processes with statutory requirements and the changing demands of the local community. The research advocates for a flexible and responsive approach to master planning, which is indispensable for adapting to shifts in administrative frameworks and community needs. The study recommends the development of a dynamic master plan for water services, one that is regularly reviewed and updated to reflect the evolving legislative landscape and community priorities. It also suggests that municipal authorities should ensure that the planning process remains inclusive and responsive to the residents' needs. Furthermore, training and capacity‐building initiatives for municipal officials could be instrumental in enhancing their ability to adapt to these changing demands and legislative environments.

Казанская агломерация в системе пространственного развития России

Urban agglomeration, depending on the stage of development, plays a key role in the system of spatial development in Russia. The Kazan agglomeration is a monocentric post-industrial agglomeration, including the cities of Kazan and Zelenodolsk, Vysokogorsky, Pestrechinsky, Laishevsky, and Verkhneuslonsky municipal districts located within an hour’s transport accessibility from the central communication center, i.e., Kazan. According to the 2030 Development Strategy, Kazan should have a high-quality transport and communication system that ensures the accessibility of transport within a certain time frame. Today, Kazan is a major tourist and cultural center, as well as a center for scientific and technical development. The Kazan agglomeration has a developed social infrastructure. Modern medical and educational institutions are actively functioning here, providing high-quality services to the population. The cultural sphere is also at a high level. The city of Kazan is famous for its museums, theaters, and architectural monuments, which attract tourists and people of different cultures. The economic potential of the Kazan agglomeration reflects its importance and role in the development of the Russian economy. The territory of the agglomeration has actively developing industries, especially automotive, chemical, manufacturing, and construction ones. The agglomeration is also a major scientific and educational center, which attracts innovations to the region and develops them. The Kazan agglomeration is a powerful engine of Russia’s development, actively introducing innovations, developing production, and providing favorable conditions for the life and work of its residents. Due to its diverse development, the Kazan agglomeration deserves to be considered one of the key factors in the spatial development of Russia. The key role of the Kazan urban agglomeration in the spatial development of the Russian Federation is the smart economy.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ РІВНЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЗАКЛАДІВ КУЛЬТУРИ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНУ

Existing management mechanisms, such as planning and programming for the development of the cultural sector, despite their complexity and widespread use in the practice of managing the sociocultural sphere, do not provide sustainable results that can be achieved in the cultural sector in the context of the implementation of reforms in the budgetary sector and the use of programmatic financing of culture . It is absolutely necessary to develop and apply innovative technologies in the management process, taking into account the complexity of the tasks facing cultural subjects in connection with the adaptation of self-justifying management mechanisms, as well as taking into account the needs of a post-industrial (information) society, as well as updating the consumer audience of cultural products and services. The use of an integrated approach to the formation of innovative management mechanisms will improve management efficiency, as well as ensure the development of innovative processes both in the sphere of culture in general and in its individual subjects.The purpose of the article is to develop scientific and methodological recommendations for innovation models based on the use of integrated approaches in managing cultural enterprises and supporting development, as well as to study theoretical and methodological problems in the systematization of these methods. The methodological basis of the research in the article is the scientific work of the authors in the field of economics of culture, innovation management, management in the field of culture, as well as social partnership. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific methods of research - a systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, methods of typological and comparative analysis, empirical methods.The object of the study is the sphere of culture, which needs conditions in which organizational and financial reforms are carried out, as well as the development and application of innovative management methods.The hypothesis of the study. In general, there is a great practical demand for research activities aimed at the relevance of the dissertation research topic, the development of the main directions and strategic priorities of the national economy of the cultural sphere of the region. The same can be said about the priorities of strategic management and the main directions of the regional industrial component, that those priorities and directions that we mentioned determine the goal, objectives, subject and object of this research work, presented on the basis of an assessment of the increased effectiveness of the management system for the development of the cultural sector municipal districts of the region. Presentation of the main material.The scientific novelty of the results of the research carried out by the authors is as follows: the essence of strategic management of the cultural sphere is determined as a targeted activity to create socio-economic and legal conditions for the regular and balanced development of the cultural space and meeting the needs of the population for cultural services; Methodological recommendations have been developed to improve the effectiveness of the process of strategic management of the regional cultural sector based on the implementation of promising management effects in the process of industry development.The originality and practical significance of thestudy.The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the developed software-design method and the multidimensional assessment method can be applied in order to increase the innovative effects obtained from project activities in the sociocultural sphere. The practical significance of the article is also determined by the use of theoretical and methodological works proposed by state bodies and local governments, as well as the possibility of their use by the heads of economic entities of the specified region in the process of forming measures that can ensure the sustainable development of the cultural sphere of the region.Conclusions.The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the fact that scientific and methodological recommendations have been developed for improving and applying models of innovative management in the field of culture, and the use of an appropriate mechanism has been proposed to increase the innovative effect of the project program.Recommendations are given for optimizing management strategies in the field of culture for its further development.

Немедицинские аспекты доступности медицинской помощи при территориальном планировании в здравоохранении.

Improving the accessibility of medical care is one of the tasks to achieve the goals of state policy in saving the population and human development of a number of strategic documents of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study is to analyze the non-medical aspects of ensuring accessibility of medical care, their normative legal regulation in territorial planning in healthcare at the regional level. Materials and methods. The source of information was legal acts from the reference legal system ConsultantPlus. Descriptive and analytical methods were used in the study. Results. It is shown that the issues of ensuring accessibility of medical care and creating conditions for its provision and development are attributed by various legislative and regulatory acts both to the powers of public authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation and to the powers of local governments within the competence defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation, but these provisions of powers are fixed differently and require amendments and clarifications. The expediency of making amendments to normative acts of different levels and departments within the framework of clarifying the norm on creating conditions for the provision of medical care to the population on the territory of a municipal district or municipal, urban district in terms of providing transport services to the population and organization of transport services, parking space with the possibility of getting to a medical organization for all groups of the population has been determined. Within the framework of regulation, other social guarantees for children of medical workers and norms on providing medical workers with housing (office housing, under a social rent agreement, provision of relevant subsidies and payments for the purchase of housing) need to be specified. The presence of sufficient regulation in terms of the rules of construction and maintenance of roads in the legal field was determined, however, the federal laws and subordinate regulations cited in the study lack specificity and correlation of these legal norms in relation to medical organizations. Conclusions. The necessity to improve the normative basis of non-medical aspects of state and municipal provision of accessibility of medical care to the population in terms of correlation between constitutional norms and legal acts of different departments has been determined in order to specify measures aimed at improving accessibility in the provision of medical care regarding transport accessibility, social guarantees for medical personnel and other measures to develop infrastructure.

Exploring household water conservation methods in rural South Africa: a case of the Mbhashe and Mnquma local municipalities

Amidst the persistent drought disaster declared in 2015, the Amathole District Municipality grapples with severe water scarcity issues, particularly affecting local municipalities such as Mbhashe and Mnquma. Consequently, households in these areas confront the challenges of unreliable and contaminated water sources, prompting them to adopt water conservation measures to mitigate shortages. This study investigates the efficacy of water conservation methods among rural households in these drought-affected regions. It identifies associated challenges and potential interventions to ensure access to clean and dependable water. Employing a mixed methods approach, the study examines household water conservation practices through narrative analysis and descriptive statistics of survey data. Findings reveal that storing water in drums, containers, and tanks is the most prevalent conservation method, alongside measures like greywater reuse, lifestyle adjustments, and rainwater harvesting. With financial constraints and infrastructural limitations hindering broader adoption, the study found water conservation to be a challenge among the households as a minority (7.8%) of respondents adopted multiple water conservation strategies. In comparison, most respondents (73.6%) could only afford to practice one water conservation strategy at a time, and others (18.6%) had no conservation strategies. Drought conditions, lack of infrastructure, poverty, and attitudinal factors are primary barriers to effective water conservation. The study underscores the need for municipal-level initiatives to enhance water sources and advocates for increased investment in education, awareness campaigns, and policy interventions to address rural communities’ water scarcity challenges.

Soil Instability and Building Damage in the Urban District, Morocco: Chefchaouen City as Case Study

Ground instability is one of the most significant issues that affect the social, economic, and environmental levels in the northern Rif area and many other parts of Morocco. To understand and analyze this natural hazard of terrain instability, Chefchaouen City is chosen as a case study. based on the inventory of ground movements carried out by the Geotechmed Laboratory to identify and characterize cases of instability in this city and their relationship with the geological structure and soil characteristics is the aim of this research. As well as, the inventory of constructions damaged by instability in all municipality districts. The results indicated that the soils in the administrative district were reliable. Several factors contributed to the 2016 landslide in the Ain Haouzi District, including high rainfall, water resurgence, and human activity. The damage inventory of 83 houses showed how the geographical distribution of the severely damaged homes was placed on top of the distribution of landslides in the surrounding areas. The management plan needs to adapt to the geomorphological characteristics and behavior of the subsoil. That will help to avoid any future material damage and provide better guidance for the planning and the city's expansion development, with its remarkable urban sprawl.

The epizootic situation of bovine leukemia in the Republic of Dagestan in 2023

Bovine enzootic leukemia (EBLV) remains an acute problem for animal husbandry in many regions of Russia. Based on this, the goal was set: to study the epizootic situation of bovine leukemia in the Republic of Dagestan. The material for the study was taken from the official source of the Veterinary Committee of the Republic, as well as supplemented with our own serological blood tests for bovine leukemia virus (bovine leukemia). Laboratory tests for the detection of antibodies to BLV in RID were carried out according to the "Guidelines for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia" (2000). Research results: the spread of BLV has been established in some municipal districts and urban districts throughout the republic. In 2023, from all veterinary laboratories (stations), serological studies were conducted in the amount of 1101,689 animal blood samples for BLV. Of the animals studied, antibodies to the BLV antigen in RID were obtained in 2,778 (0.25%) samples. A high percentage of animal HCV infection was detected in the following districts and cities: Kizlyarsky – 2% (388), Tlaratinsky – 1.3% (341), Botlikhsky – 1.2% (450), Babayurt – 1.1% (188), Gunibsky – 0.8% (228) and in Makhachkala – 0.9% (180). In 16 districts and in Khasavyurt, the percentage of infection of animals with BLV was at the level of 0.3% or lower. We obtained 440 animal blood samples from sample farms, which were examined in the RID. 37 (8.4%) animal blood samples gave a positive result for BLV. Thus, the general epizootic situation in EBLV remains relevant, but the prevalence of BLV among animals is decreasing in the republic.

Assessment of rural livelihoods, health and wellbeing in Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa and Narok County, Kenya: A water-energy-food nexus perspective

The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has become an integral component duly suited to enable sustainable development and an important tool to achieve and sustain various socioeconomic and environmental outcomes, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. The WEF nexus has become increasingly important in recent years as it can holistically address humankind's current triple challenges, including resource depletion, environmental degradation, and population growth. Socioeconomic factors such as increased population, economic development, and climate change patterns frequently induce unprecedented pressure on WEF resources. From the various climate change model simulations, the climate is likely to increase in the future, exacerbating the demand of the population to access the WEF resources and services. For effective resource planning and decision-making, the availability of WEF resources must be assessed under ongoing climate change. In this regard, this study assessed rural livelihoods, health, and wellbeing indicators within the WEF nexus framework in Vhembe District Municipality (VDM), South Africa, and Narok County, Kenya. The premise was to determine the drivers of livelihood changes by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making to understand the causal linkages between the WEF nexus resources and the sustainable livelihood indicators. Data collected from the literature review, questionnaire/group discussions, and field visit engagements were used to formulate and develop a matrix of indicators to assess livelihoods, health, and wellbeing. A correlation analysis based on the AHP was used to determine the linkages between WEF resources and sustainable livelihood indicators. The multivariate analysis used the correlation matrix to capture the pairwise degrees of relationship between WEF resources and sustainable livelihood indicators in the two study areas. The results show that the resources for sustainable livelihoods in VDM are more sustainable than those in Narok County. The Consistency Ratio values for Narok County and VDM were 0.046 and 0.067, respectively. The resulting composite index (0.143) classified both study sites under the lowly sustainable category. The results are important for informing policy formulation that guides timely interventions to balance socio-ecological systems.

The cultural potential of the modern Russian region: infrastructure and consumption of services by the population (on the example of the Vologda region

The object of analysis in the article is the Russian region cultural potential in the context of infrastructure development and consumption of cultural and leisure services by the population. The purpose of the study is to identify quantitative and qualitative characteristics of various components of the cultural sphere of the region. The empirical basis is statistical data, reports from authorities, government programs and projects, as well as monitoring public opinion materials of Vologda region population in 2022 (n=1500). The methodology is based on a resource approach to studying the cultural potential of the region. Statistical data analysis shows negative trends in terms of a reduction in the number of cultural and leisure institutions in the region, a decrease in the consumption of certain types of services for 2000–2022, and the lag of municipal districts and rural areas in the development of cultural and leisure infrastructure compared to large cities. Positive changes are associated with the implementation of a comprehensive state cultural policy both on the part of the federal center and on the part of regional authorities: increasing in overall budget expenditures on culture was revealed with an insufficient share of extra-budgetary sources of funding. As an effective resource for leveling out problems with the involvement of extra-budgetary sources, examples of the participation of private investors within the framework of public-private and public-municipal partnerships are given. The results of the sociological survey recorded positive changes in the population’s assessment of the general situation in the cultural and leisure sphere of the region, identified the range of popular cultural, leisure and sports services, and a high level of satisfaction with their quality, which exceeds the Russian average. It has been established that the older generation; categories of residents with a low level of education and low-income residents are less active in consuming cultural and leisure services. As age increases, attendance at all of the institutions offered for choice decreases. The set of analysis results substantiates the need to use a more differentiated approach to the development of national and regional cultural policies, focusing on socio-demographic categories of the population, taking into account their needs.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРОТИВОЭРОЗИОННЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПАШНИ

At this stage of the development of land management in the Russian Federation, forest reclamation measures, including the design of protective forest belts, play a special role in effectively combating wind erosion on arable land. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the creation of forest belts for the purpose of erosion control organization of the territory of the Pavlograd municipal district, calculates the assessment of the effectiveness of the placement of the projected field protection forest belt, the amount of capital investments, the payback period of design solutions, and also makes a feasibility study of the project proposal.

Система дополнительного образования Лескенского района Кабардино-Балкарии: страницы истории и пути развития (Из опыта работы МКУ ДО «Дом детского творчества» Лескенского района КБР)

The article substantiates the relevance of the development of additional education for children in rural areas; presents a brief history of the formation and analysis of the current situation in the field of additional education for children in the Leskensky municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic; it identifies the importance of additional education in the professional self-determination of youth; the pivot table shows the main achievements of children and the number of participants in competitions at various levels. As a result of the research, some promising directions for the development of additional education at the municipal level have been identified.

Assessment of the presence of Vibrio cholera and detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in river sources within the Vhembe District Municipality Limpopo province of South Africa

ABSTRACT Most rivers in South Africa, particularly in rural areas, are contaminated and serve as a breeding ground for potential disease-causing microorganisms such as Vibrio cholera. Contaminated river sources could endanger the health of those communities that rely on them for domestic, agricultural, and recreational purposes. The aim of the study was to examine the presence of V. cholera and toxigenic V. cholera water samples from river sources collected in the Vhembe Municipal District during a three-month period. Physicochemical parameters, culture dependent and molecular techniques were used to identify V. cholerae in the samples. Majority of the physiochemical parameters were within the acceptable limit with exception of electrical conductivity readings in the Mvudi, Livuvhu, Dzindi, Nzhelele, Mutale, Shingwedzi, Tshinane and Nwedi rivers which were above the acceptable standard limit of 0–70 μS/cm. Most of the river samples tested positive for the presence of V. cholera, particularly on the downstream samples. Toxigenic V. cholerae was detected in four of the 12 samples that originally tested positive for V. cholera. The study revealed poor water quality and significant health concerns to consumers, emphasizing the importance of implementing river basin management measures to ensure the long-term sustainability of these rivers.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on diabetic foot care among nurses in Kimberley, South Africa.

Diabetic foot is a dangerous complication of diabetes and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. As essential team members of the healthcare system, nurses play an important role in diabetic foot management and are indispensable in patients' education to prevent diabetic foot. The study assessed nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding diabetic foot care in Sol Plaatje primary health care centres in the Northern Cape: Sol Plaatje's 14 district municipality clinics, Kimberley, Northern Cape. This was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study. A questionnaire assessed nurses' knowledge, practices and attitudes towards diabetic foot care in the above setting. A total of 128 professionals, enrolled and auxiliary nurses who are providing primary care to patients within the 14 clinics in the Sol-Plaatje sub-district were recruited for the study. Hundred and five participants completed the self-administered questionnaires. The majority (95%) were females and 58.1% knew that South African Diabetic Foot Guidelines existed, while 57.7% had read them. About 57% did not know about the 60-s diabetic foot screening tool, and 67% did not know the 10 g monofilament test. Approximately 29.8% had never attended a class on diabetic foot care and 85.6% required training on diabetic foot care. This study revealed that the majority of nurses working in the Sol-Plaatje sub-district primary health care centres are knowledgeable of the diabetic foot guidelines for primary care. However, there is a need for ongoing education on diabetic foot care.Contribution:The study results will help improve nurses' awareness of the importance of diabetic foot care.

The Influence of Culture on the Cause, Diagnosis and Treatment of Serious Mental Illness (Ufufunyana): Perspectives of Traditional Health Practitioners in the Harry Gwala District, KwaZulu-Natal

Cultural beliefs influence the perceived cause, methods of diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses. A qualitative study was conducted among traditional health practitioners (THPs) in the Harry Gwala District Municipality to further explore this influence. Purposive sampling assisted in the recruitment of 31 participants (9 males and 22 females). The four key themes this study investigated in relation to mental illness included its causes, methods of diagnosis, common symptoms observed and treatment approaches used by THPs, and the system of patient management. Culturally, mental illness was reported to be caused by witchcraft and an ancestral calling in this study. Mental illness was predominantly diagnosed by spiritual intervention which included divination through consultation with the ancestors, familial background, burning of incense which can also be part of communicating with the ancestors and through examining the patient. The common symptoms included aggression, hallucination and unresponsiveness. Prevalent modes of treatment included the use of a medicinal concoction and performing cultural rituals where ancestors and other spirits were assumed influential. The duration of the treatment process was dependent on guidance from the ancestors. Most causal aspects of mental illness from diagnosis to treatment seemed to be influenced by cultural beliefs and ancestors.

Assessing Public Service Quality and User Satisfaction: A Case Study of the District Municipality of San Luis, Peru

Assessing Public Service Quality and User Satisfaction: A Case Study of the District Municipality of San Luis, Peru

Cluster approach to regional oil and fat subcomplex development

The article studies regional oil and fat subcomplex development in terms of the cluster approach application based on coordinating economic interests of sunflower seed producers, processing and marketing organizations under the condition of appropriate government support, as well as methodological, organizational, and information support by the relevant structures. On the basis of the production and economic indicators analysis it has been revealed that in the Saratov region sunflower production is quite effective, but the lack of interconnection between the oil and fat subcomplex subjects leads to uneven production volumes and highly varying profitability in the context of municipal districts of the region and lost profits formation at all stages of product movement. The author has developed a scheme of the regional oil and fat cluster subjects territorial location, represented by the areas of the cluster production core (with sunflower production volumes above the average regional level), production linking areas (with sunflower production volumes below the average regional level), as well as areas with developed infrastructure (with the presence of processing and storage facilities, and transportation hubs), allowing to establish an effective logistics system with mutually beneficial cooperation between regions. On the example of sunflower seed producers in the Saratov region clustering efficiency has been shown, which consists in production costs reduction as a result of transaction costs reduction and sales revenue growth due to the increase in the sunflower purchase price. The study results can be used in programs and proposals development to strengthen integration ties between the agro-industrial complex subjects.

Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of Patient Health Questionnaire and generalized anxiety disorder among adolescents in Nepal

BackgroundDepression and anxiety are significant contributors to the global burden of disease among young people. Accurate data on the prevalence of these conditions are crucial for the equitable distribution of resources for planning and implementing effective programs. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate data collection tools for measuring depression and anxiety at the population level.MethodsThe study was conducted in Kathmandu, Nepal, a diverse city with multiple ethnicities, languages, and cultures. Ten focus group discussions with 56 participants and 25 cognitive interviews were conducted to inform adaptations of the Patient Health Questionnaire adapted for Adolescents (PHQ-A) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). To validate the tools, a cross-sectional survey of 413 adolescents (aged 12–19) was conducted in three municipalities of Kathmandu district. Trained clinical psychologists administered the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-DSM 5 version) to survey participants.ResultsA number of cultural adaptations were required, such as changing statements into questions, using a visual scale (glass scale) to maintain uniformity in responses, and including a time frame at the beginning of each item. For younger adolescents aged 12 to 14 years, a PHQ-A cut-off of > = 13 had a sensitivity of 0.93, specificity of 0.80, positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.33, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.99. For older adolescents aged 15–19, a cut-off of > = 11 had a sensitivity of 0.89, specificity of 0.70, PPV of 0.32, and NPV of 0.97. For GAD-7, a cut-off of > = 8 had a sensitivity of 0.70 and specificity of 0.67 for younger adolescents and 0.71 for older adolescents, with a PPV of 0.39 and NPV of 0.89. The individual symptom means of both PHQ-A and GAD-7 items showed moderate ability to discriminate between adolescents with and without depression and anxiety.ConclusionThe PHQ-A and GAD-7 demonstrate fair psychometric properties for screening depression but performed poorly for anxiety, with high rates of false positives. Even when using clinically validated cut-offs, population prevalence rates would be inflated by 2–4 fold with these tools, requiring adjustment when interpreting epidemiological findings.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ДОБЫЧИ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ В МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ ОКРУГАХ МАГАДАНСКИЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2021-2023 ГОДАХ

The author of the article provides comparative data on the production of precious metals in the context of municipal districts of the Magadan region for the period 2021-2023, determined the share of production of municipal districts in the total volume of production in the Magadan region in 2023, and also considered the shares of gold production from ore and alluvial deposits in municipal districts of the Magadan region in 2023, the main deposits for their production have been identified. The main directions for the development of mineral extraction and their impact on the socio-economic development of the region are also outlined.