Kangra District Research Articles

The impact of organised educational campaigns on understanding of needle sticks injuries and related post-exposure HIV/AIDS prophylaxis

ABSTRACT Background: For those who often use needles, such as nurses and laboratory professionals, needle stick injuries are a fact of life. Even if it’s not medical waste, it can still happen if you touch garbage. Approximately 385,000 healthcare professionals stab themselves unintentionally each year. The likelihood of virus transmission after a skin puncture injury depends on the person who used the object in the first place, the quantity of blood involved, the type of needle or syringe in question, the length of time since it was last used, and the type of injury. Post-exposure prophylaxis should be taken into account. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the impact of a structured educational campaign on nursing students’ understanding of needle stick injuries and related post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS. Methodology: Quasi experimental research design was used. Sixty nursing students B.Sc (N) and GNM (N) 1st year students were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The study was conducted at selected private nursing colleges at District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. Results: In the pre-test knowledge score, (25%) nursing students had poor level of knowledge, (66.66%) nursing students had average level of knowledge, and (8.34%) nursing students had good level of knowledge. The post-test knowledge score (43.34%) nursing students had good level of knowledge, (56.66%) nursing students had average level of knowledge, and (0%) nursing students had poor level of knowledge The t value in the group was 9.50 which were highly significant at P < 0.05 level. Conclusion: Compared to video-assisted instruction, the lecture and demonstration technique is more successful. The fact that both teaching techniques contribute to improving understanding of HIV/AIDS and needle stick injuries.

First Report on the Bark Feeding Wasp Species on Lowland Apple and Stone Fruit Trees of Himachal Pradesh, India

Wasps are predominant in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions, sometimes used as dishes, and are important candidates for different ecosystems as predators and pollinators. In India, more than a dozen predatory wasp species have been reported to contribute to biological pest control. Various wasp species are invasive in some continents and pose an alarming threat to apiaries, households, and orchardists. Wasps feed on tree bark to fulfill their dietary needs but become dangerous to humans in orchards. The scientific reports on tree bark defoliation by wasps are little and scanty. A field-based survey study assessed the quantum of infestation in fruit orchards and the threat experienced by field workers in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India during the years 2022 and 2023. Wasps of species, Vespa basalis and V. auraria were encountered infesting five orchards on tree bark in Samloti (32.08° N, 76.35° E), Shahpur (32.2197° N, 76.1728° E), Nagrota (32.1054° N, 76.3789° E), and Hatwas (32.05 ° N and 76.40 ° E). Average tree per cent infestation during these years was recorded as 26.83%, 28.85%, 40.04%, 75% and 57.91% in lowland apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus communis), peach (Prunus persica), losada (Cordia myxa), and sirish (Albizia lebbeck), respectively. This bark-feeding activity rendered the infested trees unfit for optimal growth, feeding on fruits, suggesting a potential threat to local orchard productivity. The noxious presence of wasps hinders activities, obstructs and stings field staff. Escalating wasp damage led farmers to adopt fermented honey bottle traps. This study is the maiden attempt to address the harmful behavior of wasps as tree bark feeders in India and may pave the way for detailed research in orchards. Thus, keeping in view the role of wasps within agricultural landscapes as detrimental agents, mindful management practices are therefore necessary.

Participatory Communication for Environmental Conservation: A Case Study of ‘Dhauladhar Cleaners’ in Himachal Pradesh

Participatory communication serves as an effective tool to promote community engagement for environmental sustainability and the wellbeing of future generations. Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh's first smart city and a favorite Himalayan destination for tourists, is facing significant challenges including solid waste accumulation, sewage issues, landslides, cloudbursts, global warming, altered monsoon pattern and climate change. This research investigates into the communication strategies employed by an environmental conservation volunteer group named Dhauladhar Cleaners, focusing on their efforts to engage the community in preserving and cleaning the environment through an inclusive approach in the Indru Nag area of Dharamshala city, situated in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The group conducts clean-up drives under the motto “If Mountains have POLLUTION we have a SOLUTION,” which reflects their dedication to addressing environmental degradation. Using a mixed-methods research approach incorporating participant observation, secondary data analysis and survey research, this study shows that through participatory communication, Dhauladhar Cleaners have effectively raised awareness and induced behavioral change among community members. These changes contribute to enhancing waste management practices, reducing the effects of climate change, and ultimately promoting sustainable development. The present study provides valuable insights for the implementation of effective participatory communication strategies involving grassroots level organizations like Dhauladhar Cleaners, as essential components of realizing the vision of ‘Swachh Himachal Swasth Himachal’ (Clean Himachal, Healthy Himachal). Further, the research also emphasizes the need for construction of waste treatment facilities in the state to comprehensively address the issue of waste disposal.

Effect of seasonal variations on phytoconstituents and antimicrobial properties of Holoptelea integrifolia, an important medicinal plant from Kangra District in Himachal Pradesh, India: A case study

Medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of many ailments since time immemorial. The pharmacological significance of these plants is attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites which are greatly affected by the changes in the climatic conditions. This study investigates the effect of seasonal variations on the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of Holoptelea integrifolia leaves and bark in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh, India. The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of various plant extracts were determined using agar well diffusion and resazurin dye methods. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemical, besides antioxidant activity, were compared in all samples during different seasons. The experimental results revealed that the chloroform extracts of leaves and bark of plants during winter season were most effective against S. flexneri with highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 19.5±0.12mm and 22.6 ±0.32mm at 4 mg/40 μμl, respectively. However, MIC of leaf and bark extracts in case of S. flexneri were 0.3125 mg/100 μl and 0.0781 mg/100 μl, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of H. integrifolia confirmed significant seasonal variation, with phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids highest in the winter season, while alkaloids dominated in autumn season. The chloroform extract of H. integrifolia leaves and bark exhibited highest antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (78.81±0.12% & 81.41±0.24%) followed by H2O2 and phosphomolybdenum at 300μg/ml conc. respectively. The results of the present work revealed that the bark of H. integrifolia during winter season exhibited better antimicrobial activity than the leaves, providing a valuable basis for the future efforts in developing novel herbal drugs.

GST Impact: Perspectives from Registered Traders’ in District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh

This research paper evaluates traders' perceptions of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and its impact on business operations in District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. A structured questionnaire was utilized to conduct a comprehensive survey involving four hundred respondents. The focus was on key aspects such as tax simplification, interstate and intrastate trade, pricing strategies, profit margins, transparency in tax collection, and accounting processes. The findings reveal a generally positive perception of GST, particularly in terms of its role in simplifying taxation and enhancing trade efficiency. However, challenges remain, especially concerning compliance issues and fluctuations in profit margins. To improve trader experiences, the study recommends targeted training programs, streamlined compliance processes, and the establishment of effective feedback mechanisms. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the real-world impact of GST on business operations and highlight essential areas for future improvement, underscoring the need for continuous support in adapting to the evolving tax landscape.

Analysis of Environmental Footprints of Health Centers in Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India

The experiment was conducted during December, 2020 to June, 2021 at Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India to evaluate the ecological footprint of 15 hospitals that were chosen at random. The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological impact of these medical facilities-which included both government and private hospitals—across five blocks of district. The ecological footprint framework was utilized to analyze factors such as food waste, solid waste, water consumption and energy consumption and material use, determining their impact on biocapacity. The average ecological footprints of the hospitals ranged from 116.5 to 271.4 global hectares (g ha). The ecological footprints varied across different blocks as follows Jawalamukhi (349.7 g ha), Dharamshala (535.6 g ha), Nurpur (698.3 g ha), Palampur (722.3 g ha), and Kangra (814.0 g ha). Notably, the hospitals in the Jawalamukhi block were the most sustainable, exhibiting the lowest ecological footprint. These results underscore the significant environmental impact of hospitals and the urgent need for initiatives to reduce their ecological footprint, particularly in the Kangra block. The results emphasize the importance of sustainable resource utilization in healthcare institutions to minimize their ecological footprint and promote environmental sustainability. To achieve a balance between providing healthcare services and protecting the environment, the research recommends extensive actions to enhance the effectiveness of resource utilization, waste management, and energy consumption in hospitals.

Physio-chemical and functional properties of mulberry fruit (Morus nigra) grown in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh

Physio-chemical and functional properties of mulberry fruit (Morus nigra) grown in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh

Improving ML-based landslide susceptibility using ensemble method for sample selection: a case study of Kangra district in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Developing effective strategies to predict areas susceptible to landslides and reducing risk is vital. This involves using ensemble methods to meet the precise prediction and addressing challenges like data limitation. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of using ensemble methods to enhance the prediction of landslide susceptibility maps (LSM). Ensemble methods present a sampling of landslides and non-landslide points from high and low susceptible areas, respectively. Extensive research has explored their application in machine learning processes, particularly in classification-related problems. This study delves into strategies of ensemble as a promising method in future landslide applications. The proposed method was tested considering Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh as study area where three datasets were prepared consisting of presence and absence points. Dataset 1 consisted of initial landslide and randomly generated non-landslide points. In dataset 2, additional landslide points obtained from the very high susceptibility of initial LSM were supplemented with initial landslide data, while the non-landslide points were generated randomly from the study area. Finally, dataset 3 was composed of the landslide points as in dataset 2, and the non-landslide points were obtained from the very low susceptible areas of initial LSM. These datasets are used with random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM), thereby preparing six landslide susceptibility maps. To analyze the applicability of the proposed method, we have used metrics such as AUC-ROC, precision, recall, F-score, accuracy and Mathew's correlation coefficient (MCC). The AUC for dataset 1 with SVM and RF is 0.89, which increased to 0.898 and 0.952 for datasets 2 and 3 with SVM and 0.937 and 0.954 with RF. Among all the methods, the precision and recall values were highest for dataset 3 with SVM as well as RF. Hence, based on several accuracy metrics, we conclude that when the landslides and non-landslides samples were sampled from very high and very low susceptible areas respectively, the LSM performed better than all the other methods. Sampling landslides from very high susceptible areas only (dataset 2) does not perform well thereby committing misclassification error. The study demonstrated that the landslide and non-landslide data were obtained from very high and very low susceptibility; the predictive capability of the LSM increased significantly. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ensemble approach in providing precise delineation of landslide zones, facilitating informed decision-making for land and hazard management.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF POTATO GROWERS IN KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

This study investigates the socio-economic status of potato farmers in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. This district was chosen specifically because it has a substantial area under potato cultivation. The required information was gathered from two potato-growing blocks in the district. The study revealed that the majority of household heads (57%) are between the ages of 16 and 40, with an average family size of five to seven people. Agriculture and livestock rearing emerge as the primary sources of income for most farms, with an average farm size of 1.76 ha, 74% of which are irrigated. During the Kharif season, vegetable crops are dominant, while potatoes are important during the Rabi season, with an average of 21.23 ha per farm. Potato productivity varies, with large farms producing 253.75 q/ha versus 246.43 q/ha on small farms. Agriculture-related earnings, or farm earnings, account for 45.2% of total farm income, with potatoes accounting for 8%, while non-farm income accounts for ~26.5%. Future research topics include investigating the impact of climate change on potato farming and evaluating the effectiveness of agricultural policies in terms of income and productivity. Further research could look into the effects of modern farming techniques on sustainability and profitability, potentially providing insights into improving agricultural practices in the region.

AN ECONOMICS OF POTATO PRODUCTION IN KANGRA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

In Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh is renowned for its disease-free quality seed potato production, an economic study of 200 growers grouped into small (105) and large (95) farms revealed an overall cost of cultivation at Rs. 94,667 per farm and Rs. 3,08,051 per ha in 2022-23. Among all inputs, potato seed accounted for 29% per hectare, while human labor constituted 27% of costs. The total variable cost was 89%, with fixed costs at 11% per ha. Gross income averaged Rs. 4,67,705 per ha. Efficiency analysis across farm categories showed the cost of potato production at Rs. 250 per quintal (q). Large farms exhibited a slightly higher output-input ratio (1.52) compared to small farms. Production costs ranged from Rs. 1,195 to Rs. 1,270 per q for large and small farms, respectively, with variable costs higher on small farms (Rs. 1,117) than on large ones (Rs. 1,074) per q. The reported benefit-cost ratio stood at 1.88, indicating favorable returns. Potato prices ranged from Rs. 1,860 to Rs. 1,880 per q, with larger farms realizing higher prices. Break-even analysis suggested the need for small, large, and overall farm categories to achieve at least 50.72, 38.02, and 44.14 q of potatoes, respectively, to maintain a no-profit, no-loss condition. The analysis underscores potential profit increase by optimizing human labor, manure, and fertilizer use.

Varied approaches for implementing the farm diversification in lower hill region of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh

Varied approaches for implementing the farm diversification in lower hill region of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh

Prevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in cattle calves in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh

Respiratory diseases causing pneumonia are the 2nd leading cause of mortality in bovine calves and are primarily caused by viral pathogens. The present study was undertaken in cattle calves under twelve months of age for detecting four respiratory viruses, viz. bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPI3), using a commercially available multiscreen antigen ELISA kit. A total of 30 cattle calves necropsied at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN COVAS, CSKHPKV, Palampur, from June 2021 to June 2022 were screened. The samples of lung tissues and nasal turbinates were collected and stored at –20°C until further processing. The collected tissue samples were homogenised and processed as per the standard protocol. Among the 30 necropsied samples, BoHV-1 and BRSV were detected in 17/30 (56.67%) samples, BPI3 was detected in 14/30 (46.67%) samples, and BVDV was detected in 8/30 (26.67%) samples. 5/30 (16.67%) samples were found positive for all four viruses. Moreover, three viruses were concurrently detected in 4/30 samples (13.33%), and two viruses were present in 10/30 samples (33.33%). Additionally, a single virus was detected in 4/30 samples (13.33%). In conclusion, the present investigation reveals the substantial presence of respiratory viruses in the respiratory tract of cattle calves. The result indicates a complex pattern of co-infections of different viruses, emphasising the need for effective surveillance and management strategies to address the diverse viral dynamics affecting bovine respiratory health.

Role of Parents in primary Education Tribal area of District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh

Abstract This study aims to identify the types and strategies of parent’s involvement and its implication on the students’ academic performance. Parents involvement (PI) was based on three types, namely the involvement of parents with their children, involvement of parents with teachers and parents involved with the school’s Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). This study was conducted in a National-Type (Himachal Pradesh) primary school in tribal area of district Kangra, with respondents of 180 students’ parents or guardians of the high academic achievers. The study uses questionnaire and also supporting documents as research instrument. Findings from the descriptive analysis indicates that the involvement of parents with their children shows mean value of 3.33, the involvement of parents with teachers shows the value of 2.66 and parental involvement with the school’s PTA shows the value of 2.56. The study also found that such parental involvement is likely to have positive impact on their children’s educational achievement. Keywords: parental involvement, educational achievement, primary school, parenting.

Appraisal of Active Tectonics: An Insight from the Morphotectonic Study of Drainage Basins and OSL Dating in the Kangra Area, Himachal Pradesh

ABSTRACT A morphotectonic investigation of the drainage basins and an estimation of the rate of upliftment have been conducted in the vicinity of Palampur, located in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. The assessment utilized the geomorphic index of active tectonics (IAT) and the Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating technique. The study area is situated within the epicentral zone of the 1905 Kangra earthquake and is drained by three significant perennial tributaries of the Beas river, namely Baner, Neogal, and Awa. To evaluate the tectonic influence on these drainage basins, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data with a resolution of 30m, Survey of India toposheets, and Google Earth images were processed using ArcGIS and Global Mapper software. The findings of this investigation indicate that the drainage basins have been impacted by tectonic activity, resulting in the formation of asymmetrical, elongated basins with deep V-shaped valleys and active mountain fronts. The hypsometric integral values derived from the study suggest that these basins have reached an equilibrium stage. Originating from elevations exceeding 4500m in the Dhauladhar range, these rivers, like other Himalayan rivers, partake in active downcutting and erosional processes, as observed in the presence of terraces. By employing the OSL dating technique, the terraces of the Neogal river were dated, enabling the calculation of an upliftment rate ranging from 0.6 ± 0.03 mm/year to 1.7 ± 0.1 mm/year for the area.

An Empirical Study of Quasi Equity of SMEs: Evidence from The Hotels Of Himachal Pradesh

The initial source that an budding entrepreneur explores for the financing its newly set-up business is loan/funds mobilized from his friends and relatives. Following personal resources are the possible sources for meeting the financial requirements of a small scale business-personal savings, provided fund, from friends and relatives, personal asset sales, credit cards, inheritance, stock option sales etc. Since, these funds can be attributed to the family they are almost treated equivalent to equity contribution. These funds are commonly termed as Quasi-Equity (QE) or Equity ‘de-facto’. This study is based on the hotels of Dharamshala Tehsil of District Kangra in HP and analyze the factors that prompt the small-scale hotels towards mobilization of such QE. These loans are unsecured in nature and remain dominated to the loans provided by banks and financial institutions. Keywords: Entrepreneur, Financial, Quasi-Equity, Unsecured, Stock

Impact of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on floristic diversity in Dhauladhar foothills of Himachal Pradesh.

Parthenium hysterophorus L. has become a weed of global concern owing to its fast expansion and invasive character. In order to study the status of this noxious weed and its impact on floristic diversity in Dhauladhar foothills, the study was conducted during the year 2021-2022 in culturable wastelands of Dhauladhar ranges in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. The impact of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on associated species at different altitudes and aspects was observed. Our observations depicted that Parthenium hysterophorus L. has been growing more vigorously in the northern aspect than the southern aspect with the density of 37.78m-2 and 21.62m-2, respectively. The highest density of this noxious weed was recorded in the altitudinal range of 600-1200m (34.32m-2) while it was not observed beyond 1805m above sea level. The invasion of Parthenium hysterophorus L. significantly affected the plant density of other species. The descending order of the species as per dominance was observed as Cynodon dactylon, Trifolium repens, Oxalis latifolia, Parthenium hysterophorus L., and Ageratum houstonianum. The average number of species and species density were observed more in non-invaded sites (9.35 and 27.67m-2) than in invaded sites (7.10 and 20.60m-2). Species abundance and plant cover were observed more in non-invaded sites (28.73 and 657.90 m2ha-1) than in invaded sites (22.70 and 322.30 m2ha-1). Species diversity, richness, and evenness were reported to decline in invaded sites (1.56, 0.95, and 0.81, respectively) with respect to the non-invaded sites (1.94, 1.16, and 0.88, respectively). The study highlights the significant concerns associated with the invasive weed within the plant communities. Understanding its invasive status holds considerable implications for local afforestation initiatives, forest management strategies, and conservation policies. Furthermore, this investigation lays a foundational groundwork for implementing effective measures to get rid of this alien weed.

SELECTED ATTRIBUTE OF HOUSEHOLDS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PATTERN: A CASE STUDY OF THARU VILLAGE (KANGRA VALLEY), TEHSIL NAGROTA BAGWAN, DISTRICT KANGRA, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

This paper is an attempt to analyze the household attributes and socio-economic pattern of Tharu village located in kangra valley of Nagrota Bagwan tehsil, district Kangra. The people of the present research area reside in the laps of nature. This study investigates nature and design of dwellings and socio-economic condition of this village. This paper searching to unfold the question how people survive in this Himalayan mountainous valley and limited landholding area and how they generate their livelihood? Is geographical factors affects their household pattern, and climatic conditions are mostly mountainous sub-tropical type of climatic region. To answer these above following questions field, visit of the same area has been conducted. This research paper is descriptive in nature. The primary Data were collected from the entire households through interviews, informal discussions and field observation. The Tharu village was investigated and it was found that the subsistence agriculture activities and livestock rearing was the main occupation. Some other interesting facts noticed in this study area such as shifting trends towards horticultural activities. On the context of households, there was higher composition of nuclear families rather than joint families. There is lack of adequate of social infrastructure such as education and health institutions. The paper will be helpful in carrying out the further analysis and showing a way to improve existing socio-economic conditions and household pattern of rural settlement in high Himalayan mountainous region in Himachal Pradesh

On a Collection of Plants from Lahul

The paper gives an account of the vegetation as observed by the author during a recent plant collection tour in the Chandra and Bhaga river valleys of Lahul (Kangra District, Panjab) beyond the Rohtang Pass. Plants were collected in the altitude range 3000 to 4000 metres and the paper includes a list of plants collected with brief descriptions, altitude of occurrences and uses, if any.

Multi-Model Analysis to Predict the Potential Suitable Habitat for Quercus oblongata D. Don (Fagaceae) in the Western Himalayan Region

Quercus oblongata D. Don is an economically and ecologically important tree species. It is distributed in the western Himalayan region of India as well as Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The present study explored the potential distribution and habitat suitability of Q. oblongata using ensemble modeling. Eleven environmental variables (eight bioclimatic and three topographic), and 121 occurrence records were used in the analysis. Four algorithms: Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), and Maximum Entropy (Max Ent) were used to build the ensemble model for potential suitable habitat of Q. oblongata. To evaluate the model performance, AUC and TSS metrics were used, which showed high AUC (>0.94) and TSS (>0.86) metrics for all the models. The environmental variables that displayed high contribution in the prediction were temperature annual range (bio7, 48.5%), precipitation of wettest period (bio13 ; 41%), and elevation (elev ; 40%). The total suitable area was 22634 km2, including the least (12546 km2), moderate (7935 km2), and highly (2153 km2) suitable areas. Habitat suitability of Q. oblongata is predicted in most of the regions of Nainital, Almora, central Tehri Garhwal, eastern Mussoorie and Chakrata region of Dehradun District of Uttarakhand. A sizeable wide patch was found in Southern Chamba with Northern Kangra District, including the northern region of Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh. The predicted suitable habitat can be used for future exploration for the study of genetic diversity and conservation purposes.

Mapping flooded areas utilizing Google Earth Engine and open SAR data: a comprehensive approach for disaster response

One of the most destructive and frequent natural disasters in the world, flash floods cause millions of people to be displaced annually in addition to seriously harming livelihoods and infrastructure. It affects many ecological components and applications related to water management, natural resources, agriculture, human health, and economics. Himachal Pradesh saw an unprecedented amount of rainfall in June and July 2023, which resulted in exceptionally strong monsoon conditions from July 7 to July 10. Operating out of the Meteorological Centre in Shimla, the India Meteorological Department reported widespread, unusually heavy rainfall throughout the state during this time. Cloud cover often obstructs optical satellite data during the monsoon season, which has led to the investigation of alternate techniques for mapping floods. the whole satellite image processing process was carried out using Google Earth Engine (GEE). The Kangra District's 5739 km2 area was chosen as the study's area of interest. In these circumstances, traditional methods of mapping and monitoring flood-prone areas frequently fall short because of poor visibility and overcast skies during bad weather. Technology such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) becomes a ray of hope during these desperate times. When SAR data is combined with Google Earth Engine, it becomes even more user-friendly. Using SAR data and the powerful cloud processing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study suggests a flood mapping technique. When it comes to mapping flood areas, the strength of SAR data and GEE surpasses boundaries and challenges. It is evidence of both technological advancement and human inventiveness. Such tools are more critical than ever as the world deals with the increasing effects of climate change and the rising frequency of extreme weather events.