Districts Of Russia Research Articles

Russian Regional Differences in Allele Frequencies of CFTR Gene Variants: Genetic Monitoring of Infertile Couples.

A male factor, commonly associated with poor semen quality, is revealed in about 50% of infertile couples. CFTR gene (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conduction Regulator) variants are one of the common genetic causes of azoospermia-related male infertility. Notably, the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic CFTR variants vary between populations and geographical regions. In this work, we made an attempt to evaluate the allele frequency (AF) of 12 common CFTR variants in infertile Russian men and healthy individuals from different districts of Russia. Because of the limited number of population-based studies on Russian individuals, we characterized the population AFs based on data from the Registry of Russian cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In addition to the CF patient registry, we estimated the local frequencies of the same set of variants based on the results of genotyping of CF patients in local biocollections (from St. Petersburg and Yugra regions). AFs of common CFTR variants calculated based on registry and biocollection data showed good concordance with directly measured population AFs. The estimated region-specific frequencies of CFTR variants allowed us to uncover statistically significant regional differences in the frequencies of the F508del (c.1521_1523del; p.Phe508del) and CFTRdele2,3(21kb) (c.54-5940_273+10250del21kb; p.Ser18ArgfsX) variants. The data from population-based studies confirmed previous observations that F508del, CFTRdele2,3(21kb), and L138ins (c.413_415dup; p.Leu138dup)variants are the most abundant among infertile patients, and their frequencies are significantly lower in healthy individuals and should be taken into account during genetic monitoring of the reproductive health of Russian individuals.

Features of statistical methods application in rating construction

The article is devoted to solving the problem of rating construction methodology, including issues of comparability in dynamics and inconsistency. The study analyzes approaches to the procedures for aggregating private components of the rating. Attention is focused on the shortcomings of ratings used in international and domestic practice as integral meters, among which are the incompleteness of information on the private components of ratings, an unacceptably high level of error in the development of ratings as integral meters and the lack of evaluation of their quality. The approach to rating construction on the basis of average weighted sum of ranks is offered. The ratio of the sum of the squares of the rank paired coefficients of the private rating to the total sum of the squares of the rank coefficients for all private ratings (the matrix of squares of rank correlations) is used as weights. The approach proposed by the authors, in contrast to the existing methodological approaches, makes it possible to build a rating in the absence of information about private components. The novelty of the study results lies in the method of estimating weights of private ratings as basic components of the rating. The article presents the results of construction a rating of the regions of the Central Federal District in Russia for achieving national goals in 2021 based on private ratings, which confirmed the adequacy of the proposed approach. The article may be of interest to a wide range of researchers in the field of statistics and regional economics.

Global approaches and assessment of sustainable development: a case study of two districts in Russia and Laos

The present paper is concerned with the assessment and comparison of ecological and socio-economic development in Duminichy district of Kaluga province (Russia) and Yotlik district of Vientiane province (Laos). This study focuses on the environmental conservation and efficient nature management and proposes a system of indicators for the assessment of sustainable development at the local level. This system includes 43 indicators which correspond to the international requirements and approaches. The assessments were based on the global principles of sustainable development and local characteristics of each area. They helped to determine significant problems in the development of those two districts in Russia and Laos as well as to find the way to resolve the problems.

ПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДИКТОРЫ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТИ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ИНСУЛИННЕЗАВИCИМЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ В РЕГИОНАХ

A steady increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and aggravation of socio-economic problems substantiate the need to analyze the population attributable risk factors for diabetes, determined by the status of the regional economy standard of living. The purpose of the study was to assess the socio-economic gradient of incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in adults in two regions within one federal district in Russia, differing in the level of economic performance and well-being of the population. Material and methods. The retrospective analysis for the period 2005-2019 includes official statistics on the gross regional product and average monthly income per capita, the share of persons with income below the subsistence minimum, the employment index, the share of employees with higher professional education, and Gini coefficient in the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) and the Republic of Mari El (RME). The study evaluated the normality of distribution, dynamics in indicators by the trendline coefficient of determination (R2), statistical significance of the differences in time series. The indicators were analyzed calculating the Spearman coefficient with a 95% confidence interval (CI) year-on-year and with a lag (lag effect). At all stages, the value of statistical probability (p) was indicated, the critical level of which was assumed to be 0.05. To identify multiple internal relationships between socio-economic indicators, they were grouped by the component method and factorial complexes were identified. Based on the results of the multiple correlation and regression analysis, models of impact of these complexes on type 2 diabetes incidence have been constructed. The study used Statistica 6 program and AtteStat Add-in Microsoft Excel, version 12.0.5. Results. In 2005-2019, the increase in type 2 diabetes incidence in adult population in the Mari El Republic was determined to be statistically significant and higher (p=0.01) than the one in the Republic of Tatarstan, where there was only an upward trend in the indicator. The socio-economic indicators of the Republic of Tatarstan were higher and characterized by higher growth rates than the ones in the Mari El Republic (p=0.0008) with a weak interregional convergence. Differences in the closeness and degree of significance of correlations between diabetes incidence in adult population and macroeconomic indicators between regions were determined to be insignificant. The main difference was the magnitude of the lag in incidence, reaching 9-10 years against the socio-economic indicators, the grouping of which by the component method in both regions combined into a generalizing economic factor, with the exception of Gini coefficient. The ranks and magnitude of the contribution of factorial complexes had the following interregional differences: in the Republic of Tatarstan, Gini coefficient was more significant in diabetes incidence, whereas in the Mari El Republic it was the generalizing economic factor. Conclusion. Results of the analysis of the nature of interrelations (strength, statistical significance, vector and prolongation) of the new cases of type 2 diabetes and socio-economic indicators in the regions, depending on the state of the economy and the standard of living, are the basis of the effective programs on decreasing morbidity.

Industrial ecosystem entities business success

The sustainable development and success of industrial regions is largely determined by the efficiency of enterprises in the territory, united in ecosystems, often around the city-forming enterprise. The study of industrial ecosystems, their evolution and the interrelations of participants will make it possible to more effectively implement the goals of sustainable development in the territory, ensure a fair distribution of income, well-being and rational environmental management. The purpose of the article is to assess the relation between the development of entities of the industrial ecosystem on the example of the industrial ecosystem of the Magnitogorsk urban district in Russia. The study used data from Rosstat and the Federal Tax Service for 2007-21. The main results of the study are as follows: five groups were identified in the industrial ecosystem (the core of the ecosystem, companies affiliated with the core, customers of the core, suppliers of the core and other beneficiaries from the work of the core and the ecosystem as a whole, “fellow travellers”). The connection between the performance of the ecosystem core and other companies turned out to be statistically significant, especially strong for revenue growth rates. Among individual ecosystem groups, affiliates and core clients experienced the greatest influence of the core, while the connection of the results of the core with suppliers and fellow travellers was weaker. The connection, taking into account the time lag of one year, turned out to be weaker than the year-to-year connection. In general, the results confirm the hypothesis of a strong connection between the stability of the core and other participants in the industrial ecosystem.

Population mortality in the central Russia municipalities

The Central Federal District (CFD) is the most populous district in Russia, as of the beginning of 2021, 27% of the Russian population lived out there. However, the CFD mortality rate is characterized by a significant variation across different territories of the District. The purpose of this study is to assess the CFD territorial differentiation of mortality rate based on life expectancy with a breakdown on municipalities in 2010-2019. Life expectancy by CFD municipality and urban district was based on information about population size of the CDF municipalities and urban districts, obtained from the database on municipalities for the period 2010-2020 and individual non-personalized Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) data on cause-of-death mortality. A total of 326 municipalities and 63 urban districts were included in the analysis. A total of 11.5 thousand life tables were developed. The analysis shows a significant differentiation of mortality rate at the municipal level. Even though the CFD life expectancy is above the Russian average mainly due to high levels of life expectancy in Moscow, the vast majority of the CFD municipalities report a life expectancy below the Russian average. The worst situation with mortality in the CFD is developed in municipalities with a population of less than 10 thousand people. The main factor for a high gap in life expectancy across territories and gender is a high male mortality in working ages. There are significant reserves of for life expectancy growth within the CFD. These reserves are concentrated in the regional capitals with adjacent municipalities, as well as other large municipalities with a population over 100 thousand people.

Econometric Analysis of the Effectiveness of Government Incentive Measures for the Development of the Region

This study aims to identify the main factors that can influence the growth of the regional economy in order to assess the effectiveness of the government support measures for regions, designed to stimulate the regional domestic product growth. The subject of the study is the relationship of socio-economic indicators in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. The authors apply the method of correlation-regression analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the development of an econometric model based on statistical data of the constituent entities of the Northwestern Federal District to forecast the levels of regional domestic product and consumer spending per capita. The main socio-economic indicators of the development of the Northwestern Federal District have been identified, which make it possible to quantitatively assess the measures taken by the government to financially support the population and the economy of the region. The Menges model was chosen as the basis for the study, which allows analyzing the relationship between such significant financial and economic indicators of an economic entity as gross regional product, investments, profit of organizations and consumption. The article developed an econometric model in the form of a system of interconnected econometric equations, the coefficients of which were estimated in the Gretl package of applied econometric programs. Based on the analysis and modification of the classical Menges model, the authors were able to determine the key indicators that have a significant impact on the dynamics of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District. These include the following factors: investments; consumer spending per capita; taxes; social payments; household deposits; personal loans; industrial production; income from business activities; profit of organizations. The authors conclude that financial support for entrepreneurs and businesses does not have a significant impact on the economic growth of the region, and measures aimed at increasing the wages of employees of organizations for the economy of the Northwestern Federal District are more effective than measures associated with an increase in social benefits. The research results will be useful to those who make regional management decisions to stabilize the post-pandemic economic situation in the Northwestern Federal District.

The Triple Helix in transition economies and Skolkovo: a Russian innovation ecosystem case

Public administrations undertake initiatives to foster knowledge ecosystems in scientific and technology hotspots. It is assumed that innovation ecosystems will create value networks through which participants can develop and commercialize their value propositions. Value networks refer to innovation ecosystems where the final product or service is offered by a constellation of businesses that complement each other. The innovation ecosystems literature suggests that innovation ecosystems lead to competitive advantages for each of the partners in the ecosystem, creating value for all its actors. Based on a longitudinal case study of the Skolkovo Innovation Center with more than 3000 innovative startups in the Moscow district in Russia, this study explores how value is created in innovation ecosystems in transition economies and the roles of the contributing stakeholders. Through a longitudinal case study and using the Triple Helix framework, this study finds that in transition economies, the state tends to undertake the leading role in establishing the pillars of innovation ecosystems, followed by solid support from state-related industry partners, being the role of universities underrepresented in the initial stages of the ecosystem development. These findings refine the applicability of the triple helix model in transition economies by adjusting the weighting of the different parts of the model when establishing an innovation ecosystem.

Basic Department of Trade Policy, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of lending carried out by regional banks of legal entities and individuals in the regions of the Central Federal District of Russia. Our correlation analysis did not show a significant relationship between the number of regional banks and the level of development of lending in the studied subjects of the Federation. We also compared the number of regional banks and the share of unprofitable organizations, but the results of this analysis showed no relationship between these variables. Thus, there is no statistical evidence that regional banks contribute to the development of the region. We believe that the centralization of the Russian banking sector leads to monopolization and slows down economic growth.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODERN PROFILE OF PATIENT CULTURE

Abstract: The analysis of scientific publications of recent years made it possible to characterize the problematic field of the patient's culture, namely the low level of culture of knowledge and skills of health preservation and disease prevention, the low level of physical culture, the lack of self-preservation behavior skills. At the same time, there are very few scientific works devoted to the study of the culture of patients. The purpose of the study: to characterize the modern profile of patient culture. Research base: medical organizations of the Central Federal District of Russia. Time of the study 2021 Methods: sociological, analytical, documentary. The research program provided for the use of the survey method on the questionnaire "Patient Culture". The volume of the sample population amounted to 400 patients, including: 145 patients of oncological profile, 120 pediatric profile (children aged 14-17 years inclusive), 130 surgical profile. To establish the reliability of the difference in indicators in the comparison groups, the criterion t – Student was used. The differences between the groups were considered significant at p<0.05. Based on the data obtained, a set of proposals was developed to improve the culture of patients. The results of the study showed that the decrease in patient culture is mainly due to such parameters as sanitary culture by 46.7%, information culture by 40%, physical culture by 53.4%, culture of behavior by 30%. It is revealed that the low level of education and low standard of living negatively affects the level of realization of medical culture. An analysis of the cultural level of patients in the profile of care showed that the share of patients with a high level of culture was 34.3% for pediatric services, 44.5% for surgical services, and 24.5% for oncological care. It is proposed to monitor the state of patient culture at the individual, group and social levels, as well as to carry out its targeted correction.

Triploid forms’ karyotypes of spined loaches from the genus Cobitis (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) of the upper Dnieper and Western Dvina rivers: Analysis of the triploids’ origin

Unisexual forms of lower vertebrates (fish, amphibians, and reptiles) reproduced by parthenogenesis, gynogenesis, or hybridogenesis are represented by diploids, triploids, or tetraploids, whose origin is associated with interspecific hybridization. Among fish species, the highest variability of unisexual polyploids was found in the genus Cobitis. The structure of their genomes and putative parental species holds great interest for the investigation in association with questions about possible evolutionary success. In particular, it serves to elucidate the possible high colonization properties of a few polyploid forms, in contrast to the local history of rather numerous hybrid forms with a limited distribution. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the karyotype structure of two newly discovered triploid forms of the genus Cobitis, to analyze their origin and putative parental species. The karyotype structure of 182 spined loach individuals from the Western Dvina River and 91 individuals from the upper Dnieper River of the Smolensk District of Russia was studied. A total of 121 studied individuals from the Western Dvina comprised triploid females with a chromosome number 74 and karyotype consisting of 13 meta-, 39 submeta-, and 22 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes. Among loaches collected in the upper Dnieper River, 42 triploid females were found with 74 chromosome number including 23 meta-, 26 submeta-, and 25 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes. Other individuals from both localities were karyologically identified as Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 with 2n = 48. The triploid form of spined loaches of the Western Dvina River most likely arose as a result of the hybridization of Cobitis tanaitica Bǎcescu et Mayer, 1969 and C. taenia. The range of C. tanaitica, whose karyotype is characterized by an evolutionarily fixed Y-autosomal translocation, is limited to the rivers of the northern coast of the Black Sea. Therefore, hybridization probably happened in late Pleistocene in the Dnieper River system, where both parental species occur. The triploid form that arose here is unique for the Baltic Sea basin. Probably, it colonized the Western Dvina through the artificial Berezinskaya water system (Berezina Canal = Daugava–Dnieper Canal), but at the same time it was forced out of its area of origin by other triploid forms which are now widespread there. According to the karyotype structure, the triploid form, common for both the upper and lower reaches of the Dnieper, has a trihybrid origin, with probable hybridization of Cobitis elongatoides Bǎcescu et Mayer, 1969, C. tanaitica, and yet unidentified species Cobitis sp. Both studied triploid forms are parts of unisexual-bisexual complexes, in which their putative diploid maternal species (C. tanaitica and C. elongatoides) are absent, and the role of the host species involved in reproduction belongs to C. taenia.

Methodology for assessing the criterion of sustainability of the Investment potential of the Southern Federal District Regions, as a tool for managing their Potential

Currently, the regulation of investment flows is an integral part of managing the socio-economic development of the region. At the same time, the investment potential of any Russian region is determined by the effectiveness of the implementation by regional territorial authorities of their social, economic, environmental policies for the development of the Russian region. The analysis of investment opportunities of Russian regions is one of the tools of the monitoring component of the mechanism for managing the investment potential of the studied Russian regions of the Southern Federal District. In this regard, one of the most urgent problems of managing sustainable socio-economic development of the studied Russian regions is the problem of assessing the sustainability of the investment potential of the regions of the analyzed macro-region. The purpose of this publication is to consider the problems of forming a regional mechanism for managing the totality of investment resources of the Southern Federal District. Methodological approaches to the analysis of investment opportunities of Russian regions and the analysis of the criterion indicator of the sustainability of the potential of investment resources of the regions of the analyzed macro-region have been studied. In order to achieve the goal, the problems of formation and functioning of the mechanism for managing the regional potential of investment resources, the analysis of regional investment opportunities and the criterion for the stability of the investment potential of the analyzed regions of the macro region and methods of its calculation have been analyzed. The methodological basis of the study includes a systematic method, methods of statistical analysis, expert methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of domestic and foreign authors in the field of assessing the investment potential of the region, its management. The result of the conducted research is a methodology for assessing the criterion of sustainability of the potential of investment resources of the Russian regions of the studied federal district. The proposed methodology allows regional authorities to assess the sustainability of the potential of investment resources of the Russian regions of the Southern Federal District, to predict the amount of investments in fixed assets of economic entities of the analyzed regions, their labor, financial, innovation, production, infrastructure, consumer potential. In particular, the proposed methodological approach makes it possible to form a system of measures to increase the potential of investment resources, both in the regions of the Southern Federal District of Russia in particular, and in the Federal District as a whole.

Experience in organizing exercise therapy service in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The history of the development of sports medicine is closely connected with the growth and development of physical culture and sports. At the end of the 40s, medical control took shape as a state system of medical support for physical education and sports, and in 1951 the Ministry of Health of the USSR issued an order on the organization of medical and physical education dispensaries. They began to open in all the republics of the USSR, regions, large cities and districts of Russia. In November 1952, the Republican Medical and Physical Education Dispensary was organized in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa. The authors of the article share their experience in organizing the medical and physical education service of the Republic of Bashkortostan at the present stage.

Difficulties in teaching the second foreign (English) language to students studying oriental language as their major at NEFU, Yakutia, Russia

The Far Eastern Federal District of Russia, including the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is located in close proximity to the Asia-Pacific region, which explains the demand in specialists who know oriental languages. One of the oriental languages (Japanese, Chinese or Korean) is studied at the head university of the republic, and English is the language of business communication. In secondary educational institutions of Yakutia, English is the first foreign language, and students study it as a second foreign language in the university. The goal of this study is to identify the main difficulties of learning English as a second foreign language by bilingual students studying the oriental language (Japanese, Chinese or Korean) as their major. The study analyzed domestic and foreign literature, professional educational programs of the North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, characteristics of students from the indigenous population of Yakutia. It was substantiated that the more difficulties in mastering the subject, the stricter the requirements for mastering the educational material.

Prospects for the elimination of tuberculosis in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia

The most prosperous TB situation in Russia is observed in the Central and Northwestern Federal Districts, where there are the greatest chances to be the first in the Rus-sian Federation to achieve the target indicators of the End TB strategy. Since 2018, a set of measures has been implemented under the slogan: «NWFD — a territory free from tuberculosis». The purpose of this study is to study the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from TB in the Northwestern Federal District and the Russian Federation in 2005–2021. The study of morbidity — according to the forms No. 8 and No. 33 of the FSN, mortality — accord-ing to demographic data. Mortality from TB in the NWFD over 15 years decreased by 7.6 times from 19.6 in 2005 to 2.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (in the Russian Federation by 4.8 times from 22.6 to 4.7), on average by 12.5% per year (in the Russian Federation by 9.9%). In recent years, the de-cline in the indicator began to slow down exponentially. If the trend continues, mortality in the NWFD, compared with 2015, may decrease by 83% by 2025 and by 97% by 2035, which corresponds to the End TB target criterion. There is a linear trend towards a decrease in the inci-dence by 3.2 times from 63.2 per 100,000 in 2009 to 19.7 in 2021 (2.7 times in the Russian Federation from 82.6 to 31.1). On average, over 12 years, the indicator in the NWFD decreased linearly by 9.2% per year (in the Russian Federation by 7.7%) to zero by 2026, which is practically unrealistic. In the coming years, we should expect a slow-down in the rate of decline in incidence with a transition to an exponential trend. In 2020, there was an acceler-ation in the decline in the incidence of TB, and in 2021, a worsening of the clinical structure of TB cases due to the COVID-19 epidemic. In recent years, the NWFD has seen a more favorable trend in reducing the incidence of MDR-TB and TB/HIV than the average for the Russian Federa-tion. There is a pronounced trend towards a decrease in the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, especially genitourinary localization.

РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩАЯ ЭНЕРГОЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА КУКУРУЗЫ НА ЗЕРНО

To assess the effectiveness of corn cultivation technology based on the minimum tillage technology (Mini-till) and organic fertilizers, and compare it with the conventional technology including mouldboard ploughing, the authors conducted field studies in two farms of the Novokubansk district of the Krasnodar region. They analyzed economic efficiency indicators of seeders, the machine-tractor fleet, and the technology applied as a whole. The comparative analysis of economic indicators of an Optima TFmaxi direct seeder coupled with a John Deere 8310RT tractor used in the Mini-till technology and seeders used in the conventional technology have shown that using a direct seeder for seeding corn reduces mechanized work input by 0.15 man-h/ha (43%) and fuel consumption by 0.2 kg/ha (7%) as contrasted to the conventional one. However, specific operating costs are 3 times higher. The comparative analysis of the use of machinery and tractors in both technologies has shown that the Mini-till technology, as compared with the conventional one, uses less machinery (by 18 units, or 62%). But at the same time, the Mini-till technology uses 100% imported machinery, while the conventional one – only 24%. It has been established that the cost of resources for soil tillage in the Mini-till technology decreased as compared to the conventional one: mechanized work input – by 0.58 man-h/ha (46%), fuel consumption – by 9.1 kg/ha (18%), and specific operating costs – by 1227 rub./ha (17%). While using the Mini-till technology, the farmers recorded a grain corn yield of 10 t/ha, which is higher than that gathered with the conventional technology by 3 t/ha (43%). The obtained scientific and practical results prove the use of the Mini-till technology for economically sustainable agricultural enterprises of all ownership forms in the Southern Federal District of Russia.

Моделирование влияния цифровых технологий на уровень безработицы в России

The paper examines labor market patterns in the light of digital economy development. The aim is to analyze labor market conjuncture in terms of registered unemployment dynamics. The degree of digital economy development is assessed through three indicators: the share of organizations using (1) the Internet, (2) local area networks, (3) number of personal computers per 100 employees. In addition to technological development indicators, the article also makes account of certain demographic factors. Since early 2000s, the degree of Internet penetration in organizations has doubled, while the number of computers increased threefold. The share of elderly population and life expectancy rate have increased by 5 percent and 7 years respectively. Drawing on econometric panel data models regarding federal districts in Russia for 2003–2019, the author provides the following findings. First, the proliferation of technological advances reduces unemployment rate. Second, an increase in the proportion of population above working age and life expectancy entails the reduction in unemployment rate. Third, combined effect of technological and demographic factors increases unemployment rate. The magnitude of the reduction exceeds the degree of increase in the unemployment rate due to technological advances. Thus, technological unemployment is more likely a theoretical possibility. Fourth, the determinants taken into consideration explain from 38 to 43 percent of unemployment rate change. The proposed approach can be applied in designing regulatory policies regarding employment with regard to the implementation of digital technologies in organizations and population aging in Russia’s regions.

Features of intraregional trade turnover of Southern Federal District

The economic interaction of the constituent entities of Russian Federation is manifested in the strengthening of mutual trade contacts between them. An indicator of mutual trade between regions is intraregional trade turnover. The purpose of this article was to identify and substantiate the features of the intraregional trade turnover of Southern Federal District based on data on its levels, dynamics and structure. At the same time, the trade turnover was considered as a result of the development of mutual trade flows and an indicator of the effectiveness of trade and economic relations between regions. In the course of the study, the economic and statistical method prevailed, associated with the calculation, analysis and interpretation of relative statistical indicators, their visualization through graphic-analytical images. Based on the system of statistical indicators, the article examines the specific features of intraregional trade turnover of Southern Federal District in comparison with data from other federal districts of Russia and national levels. Southern Federal District occupies insignificant positions in the ranking of the federal districts of Russia in terms of retail and wholesale turnover, which does not correspond to its resource, production and demographic potential. The authors identified the following features of intraregional trade in Southern Federal District: the predominance of the segment of private trade enterprises in retail trade; a high share of the market and fair trade format in the sale of consumer goods; dominance of stationary outlets in retail turnover; expansion of network retail. The materials of this article have analytical significance and can be used as an information basis for making managerial decisions in the field of regional economic policy to activate mutual trade flows of the regions of Southern Federal District and expand mutual trade contacts between them.

The analysis of the notions of Russian school principals about digital transformation

Introduction. The challenge of the pandemic forced educational organisations in Russia to resort to massive transition to distance learning and accelerated digital transformation of schools. It has become more obvious than ever that the digital transformation of a school is not limited to a simple technical update of its information resources but implies a fundamental rethinking of the school activities based on the capabilities of digital technologies.The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of digital transformation and the Russian school principals’ notions about it as a systemic process. The subject of the study is the notion about the systemic impact of digital transformation processes on schools; the experience of complexity in the introduction of information technologies in the educational process and school management, the assessment of the progress of digitalisation; the notions about the factors of successful digital transformation, which require a critical understanding of the experience of implementing information technologies in the school, highlighting key success factors.Methodology and research methods. The authors analysed 7189 questionnaires using computer methods for processing the natural language. The questionnaires were completed in general education organisations of 66 regions from all federal districts of Russia. The respondents’ answers were categorised in accordance with the European Framework for Technologically Competent Educational Organisations (DigCompOrg).Results. The research findings demonstrated the significant imbalance in the frequency of responses: the most frequent answers belong to the “Infrastructure” category, while the least frequent ones belong to the categories of pedagogical aspects of digital transformation affecting changes in the educational content and methods for assessing educational outcomes. It is concluded that the respondents’ replies reflect the institutional position of school principals in the current educational system: a head of a government-funded school positions herself/himself as an administrative executor and a representative of the founder, rather than a leader of the teaching team. Consequently, the provision of educational achievements and students’ personal development are largely not perceived by principles of Russian schools as a priority management task.Scientific novelty of the present research lies in the attempt to answer the question of how systematically the digital transformation of the principle is perceived, to apply DigCompOrg to the assessment of these categories by the European Framework of technologically competent educational organisations, as well as to use natural language processing methods to process text answers to open-ended questions of the questionnaire, which made it possible to obtain results on a large sample with wide geographical coverage.Practical significance. The research findings can be used in the development and implementation of advanced training programmes for school and college administrations in accordance with the ongoing digitalisation of Russian educational system.

Modeling the ecological and economic situation in the region on the example of the Federal District of Russia

The work is aimed at studying the influence of environmental factors on the economic components of the level and quality of life to assess the effectiveness of socio-economic systems. The multidimensionality of the category of the quality of life and methods of its measurement is shown. An economic integral indicator of the level and quality of life of the population is built on the basis of the methodological approaches to measuring the quality of life and of the Rosstat information and statistical base for the regions of the North Caucasian and Volga Federal Districts of Russia for 2016-2019. The paper evaluates and specifies a regression model that reflects the general ecological and economic situation in the regions and determines the influence of environmental factors on economic components. Statistical parameters of significance are determined for the regression model, and on its basis a forecast model of the level and quality of life indicator until 2023 is constructed.