District Head Research Articles

Проблема репатриации черкесских иммигрантов из Османской империи во 2-й половине XIX – начале XX века в документах архивов России и Грузии

The documents analyzed in the article are classified into 2 types – office documentation and regula-tory legal acts. Documents of the 1st type are divided into 2 groups depending on the departments of their compilation and functions. The first set of papers includes official correspondence and re-ports from Russian ambassadors in the Ottoman Empire to the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs, as well as correspondence from Russian consuls and vice-consuls in Ottoman Empire provinces to Russian diplomats in Constantinople. The papers explain how Circassians came to the Ottoman Empire and the difficulties they faced when attempting to return home. The second group consists of documents prepared by military officials in the Caucasus: instructions from the Viceroy of the Caucasus’s Main Directorate to lower-ranking commanders of subdivisions, heads of regions and territories, instructions from the Commander-in-chief of civil authority in the Caucasus to governors-general and heads of regions and districts of the Caucasus region, etc., military officials’ reports to higher levels, attitudes between departments o According to these records, military officials in the Caucasus sent instructions to their subordinates in early 1861, which included rules addressing North Caucasian repatriates. Similar documents were accepted by tsarist officials in the Caucasus and at the beginning of the 20th century. The regulatory legal acts include: the provision of the Committee of Ministers «on taking measures to suspend the return of the highlanders from Turkey... », developed in July 1861 and approved by the emperor; «Regulations regarding Caucasian settlers returning from Turkey» (09.1861), compiled by the Chief of the General Staff of the Caucasian Army A.P. Kartsov. They contain rules that should have been applied to different groups of North Caucasian repatriates.

Social Mapping of the Fisheries Community in Bojongsoang, Bandung Regency

Social mapping or social mapping is a comprehensive and systematic approach used to gather data and information about the various aspects of a specific area. It involves understanding the social, cultural, and environmental characteristics of the community residing in that area. The process of social mapping was carried out in the Bojongsoang District, encompassing the sub-districts of Tegalluar, Lengkong, Cipagalo, Buahbatu, Bojongsoang, and Bojongsari, situated in the Bandung Regency. This comprehensive study was conducted over a period spanning from December 2022 to June 2023. The research methodology employed in this study involves a qualitative descriptive analysis conducted through a survey. The survey includes direct field observations and interviews with randomly selected respondents who are engaged in tilapia aquaculture. The study involved a total of 45 tilapia farmers and 7 policy stakeholders from each village. The characteristics of respondents who are fish farmers in the Bojongsoang District can be differentiated based on social and economic factors. Approximately 96% of the respondents chose tilapia farming as their main livelihood. Men play a primary role in running the tilapia farming business, while women are also involved in some aspects. The majority of the population adheres to the Islamic religion and belongs to the Sundanese ethnic group. There are kinship ties between the local community and the owners of tilapia farming land. Social stratification exists with the highest positions held by the district head (Camat), members of the regional legislative council (DPRD), and religious scholars (ulama). Meanwhile, community leaders and elders occupy the middle position, while the general population holds the lowest position. Based on the research, the author's recommendations include the need for land use management for tilapia farming practitioners in Bojongsoang and the importance of policy evaluation for stakeholders in the area.

Fistulotomy versus fistulotomy with marsupialization, a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of fistulotomy and fistulotomy with marsupialization in the management of simple anal fistula. Study Design: Randomized Controlled study. Setting: Department of Surgery, District Head Quarter Hospital, Mardan, Pakistan. Period: 1st September 2021 to 31st August 2022. Material & Methods: A total of 60 Patients coming to hospital with simple anal fistula were randomized into two equal groups. In group A, 30 patients were treated with fistulotomy, while in group B, 30 patients were treated with fistulotomy with marsupialization. The primary outcome was set as time required for complete wound healing. Secondary outcomes were operation time, postoperative pain, anal incontinence, incidence of recurrence and patient satisfaction. Results: The mean wound healing time after 6 weeks was shorter in group B in comparison to group A (4.7± 0.74 versus 6.4± 0.85 weeks; p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in mean operation time between Group B and Group A. The difference in mean pain score was also not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal incontinence, incidence of recurrence and patient’s satisfaction among two groups. Conclusion: Fistulotomy with marsupialization is more effective procedure than fistulectomy alone in shape of early wound healing without increase in operation time and therefore can be taken as surgical procedure of choice for the simple anal fistula.

Strategi Penganggaran Berbasis Program dan Kegiatan pada Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Badung 2022

This evaluation research aims to analyze the performance achievements of the nine regional development priorities which are translated into programs and activities of basic service obligatory affairs, non-basic service obligatory affairs, and optional affairs. The quantitative data used comes from the District Head's LKPJ 2022. On the other hand, the qualitative data comes from the results of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, both direct and indirect. Evaluation analysis techniques include four stages, namely need assessment, program planning, formative evaluation, and evaluation. The results of the study show that the performance achievements are in the good category (83.67 percent). The performance results are determined by institutional, bureaucratic, leadership, and strategic factors. Based on these findings, it can be suggested that (a) adequate technical guidelines for the implementation of programs and activities be issued, (b) communication, information, and education on the provisions of the rules that serve as a reference for the implementation of programs and activities to be carried out more intensively, (c) the competency of ASN is continuously improved continuous, planned and integrated, (d) aspects of IQ in the form of vision, PQ in the form of work discipline, EQ in the form of passion and SQ aspects in the form of awareness of conscience need attention in placing leadership positions, and (e) vision and goals Organizations need to be revitalized continuously and adapted to the results of external and internal environmental analysis, and developments in science and technology.

Development of Information Systems in the Jayapura Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency

BPBD Jayapura Regency is a government agency that coordinates and handles disaster issues in the Jayapura Regency. Jayapura Regency has geographical, geological, hydrological, and demographic conditions that have the potential for disasters that need to be handled both pre-disaster, during emergency response, and post-disaster. Disaster information delivery, both knowledge about disaster or disaster reports to the community, information on BPBD activities, and news about BPBD is currently carried out through socialization in the community. So that there are often many conflicts due to incorrect news in the community related to BPBD's work programs, besides that BPBD Jayapura Regency itself does not yet have an integrated communication media that is directly connected to the people of Jayapura Regency. System An Information system in the form of a website was built to help related parties, namely BPBD Jayapura Regency and the community to be directly connected. This system was built using XAMPP as a web server and MySQL as a database server using the SQL programming language, PHP programming language is run on the server side so that the website becomes more dynamic. The analysis method used Use Case Diagram as a description of interactions that occur in the system. This system provides disaster reporting and complaint services This system also helps the BPBD in displaying information related to BPBD and disasters. This system will display information to the community and access to view disaster data reports that occur in the village added by each village or district head in Jayapura Regency.

Implementasi Kebijakan Program Beras Daerah Bagi Rumah Tangga Sasaran Penerima Manfaat (RTS-PM) di Desa Respen Tubu

The Regional Rice Program (Rasda) is an innovation program carried out by the Government of Malinau Regency to empower the community as an effort to improve people's welfare. The aim of the research is to analyze program implementation, supporting factors, and inhibiting factors for this program. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach, data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and studying reports or documents related to research. Researchers analyzed it using the implementation theory put forward by Van Mater and Van Horm. Because of the theory of Van Meter and Van Horn. The results of the research analysis show that the implementation of the Rasda program in general can be carried out well. In terms of standards and policy targets, the Rasda program has been regulated in the form of District Head Regulations, District Head Decrees, and guidebooks. In terms of resources, the implementation of the Rasda program is supported by and through subsidy spending from the APBD (Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget) of Malinau Regency in the amount of IDR 5,000,000,000.00 (five billion rupiahs) annually. Aspects of communication with the existence of an effective coordination system starting from the village, sub-district, up to the district level. The disposition aspect in the form of delegating monitoring and supervision tasks to the village government supported by the provision of honorariums can increase accountability for the implementation of the Rasda program. Characteristic aspects have been realized through the District Rasda Team which consists of eight OPD (Regional Apparatus Organizations) and Perumda (Regional Public Company) Intimung. Aspects of the social, economic and political environment show that the Rasda program is able to help meet food needs. The factor that supports the implementation of the Rasda program is the district head's high commitment to production and distribution. The inhibiting factors are limited regional rice productivity and limited facilities, infrastructure, and facilities.

Implementasi Good Governance Dalam Pelayanan Publik di Kantor Kecamatan Semarang Timur

The application of good governance in public services in the district is expected to create a government system that is more responsive, accountable and oriented to the interests of the community. This study aims to determine the application of the principles of good governance in public services in the East Semarang District Office of Semarang City as well as to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with informants, namely the district head, service section head and service users. The results of the study show that the principles of accountability have been implemented through coordination, program outreach, effective communication, officer competence, commitment, honesty and democracy, the principles of transparency have been implemented through information disclosure and easy access to services, democratic principles have been implemented through the involvement of officers, accountability, integrity, following up on public complaints and a straightforward mechanism. The application of the principle of the Rule of Law is carried out by providing services to the public that are fair and do not discriminate, employees carry out their duties in accordance with existing rules. Factors supporting the implementation of good governance in the East Semarang District Office are effective communication; adequate resources; disposition shows honesty, commitment, and democracy; The bureaucratic structure is reflected in the program implementation mechanism according to the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) and is easy to understand as stated in the program/policy guidelines and implementing organizational structure. The obstacles are the lack of understanding by the apparatus of the principles of Good Governance, inadequate facilities and lack of discipline by the apparatus during working hours and the lack of community participation.

High consumption of pesticides in agricultural fields leads to prevalence of cancer cases in rural pockets of eastern India: A case study

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the carcinogenic health risk of pesticides used in agricultural field in rural pockets of eastern India. The analysis of pesticide residue in rice grain sample was performed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS). It was observed that for pesticide DDT, the HR values was ranging between 0.5 to 3.2 and for lindane HR was 0.4 to 1.1, respectively. The DDT and Lindane exhibited HR values >1 in some sampling sites which revealed the carcinogenic effects and HR <1 in some sampling sites which revealed non carcinogenic effects of same pesticide. These results revealed a clear indication of potential carcinogenic health risk to human health through consumption of contaminated rice in some areas of Bargarh district. DDT has a long half‐life, so it persists in the environment for a longer period of time and induces carcinogenic risk to human health predominantly than other pesticide lindane. A case study on cancer prevalence in Bargarh district was also carried out to support the findings of quantitative analysis. The primary data collected from the cancer affected area by personal questionnaires method to the person concern and the secondary data collected from the Bargarh District Head Quarters Hospital's register. The cancer death reported by the from the year 2015 to 2021 was 320, 380, 293, 323, 278, 409, 346 in the year of 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 respectively, with the total number of 2349 cases. From the questionnaire data, it was observed that the occurrence of male and female cancer cases was 51.75% and 48.25%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in gender wise cancer prevalence. The most affected age group was 51–60, that is, 26.92% followed by 41–50, that is, 23.42%. Therefore, it was concluded that the middle‐aged adults (40–60) were more vulnerable to the cancer than young adults (3–40) and old adults (60–100). The most prevalent cancer was breast (22.72%) followed by stomach (14.33%).

Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Distrik Heram Kota Jayapura

The importance of leadership in managing organized human groups, so the role of leaders in improving organizational performance is very significant. This article aims to describe and analyze the leadership style of the Heram District of Jayapura City. The research method is descriptive qualitative. The research site is Heram District, Jayapura City. The informants were purposively selected by determining the categories of informants, district heads and Waena district staff. Data collection techniques used were observation and interview. The data analysis techniques include stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that there are three characteristics of the leadership model of the Heram District Head of Jayapura City, namely first, the rational-legal leadership model, meaning leadership is achieved based on appointment from the Jayapura Municipal Government Authority based on laws and regulations, second, communicative-coordinative, meaning leadership that is open, listening and directing and protecting all the people he leads, namely employees and residents in his leadership area, and the three models of exemplary leadership, because he shows this from his work experience, rising from ordinary staff to district head. In carrying out this leadership, the participation of the employees is needed to move the organization so that when communication and coordination work well, the goals of the organization can be achieved.

Political Participation of Fishermen Community Voters Amidst COVID-19 in the Local Election

This study examines fisherman community voters' political engagement in Covid 19 in the 2020 Regional Head Election in Tritiro Village, Bontotiro District, Bulukumba Regency. This qualitative research method analyses primary and secondary data using interview, observation, and documentation. According to the study, (1) Active Participation: The fishing community participates in the post-conflict local election by campaigning for certain candidates openly, placing banners for candidate pairs, socialising the programme for the next 5 years if mandated by the community, and most of the fishing communities choose one Paslon because of the 4 existing candidates, one may change and (2) Passive Participation: the fishing community participates passively because the problem occurs almost every general election and events have not been adequately analysed for the next participant. First, political parties' candidates are old. (2) campaign promises are not fulfilled with political realities, (3) post-conflict local election organisers lack socialisation, (4) candidate candidates are considered too much talk and not realised after taking office, and (5) the community participates passively because each community has a different perspective. (6) There are more pressing issues and (3) the Abstain group (Golput) or apathetic groups: Fishing communities rarely skip district head elections in Bulukumba Regency this year. Even if fishing villages are apathetic and think an election is pointless, they believe their one vote cannot influence the outcome.

Drug vs Self-Care Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Knowledge and Practices of Women Attending Antenatal Clinics of Faisalabad

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a significant and growing global health issue. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of women attending antenatal clinics in Faisalabad regarding GDM and its self-care management practices. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study. The study's duration was 4 months from February 2023 to May 2023 and study setting areas included Allied Hospital Faisalabad and District Head Quatre Hospital Faisalabad. The population included women attending antenatal clinics in Faisalabad regarding GDM and its self-care management practices were assessed using a self-structured questionnaire. Results: Among the total of 384 participants, the majority (253; 65.9%) were less than 30 years old. Mostly (365; 95.1%) women are married. Mostly (201; 52.3%) are 26-30 years old during marriage. Mostly (160; 41.7%) are 1-5 Years have passed years of marriage. The results revealed that the majority of the participant nurses had an average level of practice 49.99%, below average level of attitude 22.52% and a satisfactory level of knowledge, 82.33%.

Implementasi Aplikasi Jakarta Kini Dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Kampung Bali Kecamatan Tanah Abang Kota Administrasi Jakarta Pusat

The Jakarta Kini (JAKI) application is a digital information technology for governance and community service improvement. It provides a survey mechanism for assessing the performance of the Mayor/Head of District, Head of Sub District, and Head of Urban Village in the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Through this application, feedback can be provided to improve governance and public services. The purpose of this research is 1). To analyze and evaluate the implementation of the Jakarta Kini (JAKI) application to improve community service in Kampung Bali Urban Village, Tanah Abang Sub District, Central Jakarta Administrative City, 2). To analyze and evaluate the obstacles in implementing the Jakarta Kini (JAKI) application to improve community service in Kampung Bali Urban Village, Tanah Abang Sub District, Central Jakarta Administrative City. 3). To analyze and evaluate the efforts in implementing Jakarta Kini (JAKI) implementation to improve community service in Kampung Bali Urban Village, Tanah Abang Sub District, Central Jakarta Administrative City. The research used qualitative methods to reveal in-depth qualitative data through interviews, observation, and desk study. The result of the study showed that implementation of Jakarta Kini (JAKI) application in Kampung Bali Urban Village, Tanah Abang Sub District, Central Jakarta Administrative City, to improve community service has been successfully implemented.

DAMPAK PEMBERIAN TAMBAHAN PENGHASILAN PADA KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL

The purpose of the study to find out and analyze the impact of the provision of Additional Income on the performance of Civil Servants in the Office of The District Head of Ngebel Ponorogo.Qualitative descriptive research type. Research objects are based on people's data sources, documents and events.Selection of informants with purposive sampling techniques. Interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. Data instruments in the form of a list of questions, observations and recordings. Data analysis techniques using interactive data analysis of miles &huberman models. The impact was analyzed with Finsterbusch theory and Motz Single before-after program according to and performance theory according to John Miner with indicators of quality, quantity, use of time in work and cooperation.The results showed that the implementation of AEI was going well but there were still technical constraints.Quality there is an improvement in the quality of the work and a decrease in the error rate although not too great.The positive impact on the quantity of budget realization efficiency and realization of organizational performance achievement exceeds the target above 100%.The use of time in work there is a decrease in violations of working hours at the rate of absence, the rate of delay and quick return.The effective working time of employees in 2020 averaged 85%. While in the aspect of cooperation is not seen the impact because it has been running well before the AEI.

Superior Culinary Products Maninjau Wisata West Sumatra Province

This study aims to analyze the superior culinary products of Maninjau Tourism Village from the indicators of the type of product processing, product packaging and product marketing. This research uses a descriptive approach with qualitative data. Data sources were obtained from the Tourism, Youth and Sports Office of Agam Regency, Tanjung Raya Sub- District Head, Maninjau Nagari Wali, Traditional/Religious Leaders, Culinary Traders and Visitors/Tourists. Data collection was carried out directly in Nagari Maninjau using interview, observation and documentation methods. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction techniques, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study found that the superior culinary products of the Maninjau Tourism Village were processed rinuak fish, bada fish and pensi. Processed forms are rinuak fritters, rinuak crackers, rinuak jerky, rinuak palai, crispy rinuak, rinuak rakik, fried bada, bada smoked and pensi soup. While the packaging uses transparent plastic and leaves. Then the marketing is still conventional. This superior culinary product of the Maninjau Tourism Village has the potential to be developed further both in the form of processed products, product packaging and product marketing.

Gaya Kepemimpinan Bupati terhadap Kinerja Aparat Birokrasi di Kabupaten Pangkep

This study aims to find out theoretically and empirically about the leadership style of the district head in relation to the performance of the bureaucratic apparatus, in the context of carrying out government, development and social tasks in Pangkep Regency. The results of the study show that the leadership of the Pangkep Regent in improving the performance of his bureaucratic apparatus can be assessed as good. This is based on information and answers from respondents on the leadership style shown by the Pangkep Regent, where aspects of the leadership style assessment include his capacity and capability in running a democratic government system, as well as the personality of the Pangkep Regent himself

Investigating the Effects of Retro Walking on Pain, Physical Function, and Flexibility in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain

Objectives: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is described as pain whose pathoanatomical cause cannot be determined. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of retro-walking on pain, flexibility, and physical functions in patients with CNSLBP. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Physical Therapy Department of District Head Quarter Hospital Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan from September 2021 to March 2022. The trial was conducted on 36 patients, randomly divided into 2 groups of 18 patients. Conventional treatment and retro-walking were given to the experimental group and the conventional treatment alone was provided to the control group for 1 month with 3 sessions per week. The outcome variables were pain, the flexibility of hamstrings and lumbar region, and physical function assessed by numeric pain rating scale, sit and reach test, modified Schober test, and modified Oswestry disability index, respectively. The data were assessed at pre-treatment after the sixth and twelfth sessions. Results: This study showed a significant difference in the numeric pain rating scale, sit-and-reach test, and modified Oswestry disability index with a P<0.05 in both groups after intervention. However, in the group comparison, these variables showed better results in the retro-walking group compared to others with a P<0.001 after both the sixth and twelfth sessions. Discussion: The current study suggested that when added up to conventional treatment, retro-walking was more beneficial in reducing pain and enhancing the flexibility and physical function in patients with CNSLBP when compared to conventional treatment alone; therefore, it should be added to the treatment protocol for chronic non-specific pain in the lower back.

ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN BUPATI PATI NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PERCEPATAN PENURUNAN STUNTING DI KABUPATEN PATI

Pati, in. In Regency, 3,925 children will be affected by stunting in 2021, up from 3,997 in 2020. It has gone down, but not by much. A Pati Official Guideline was issued by the Pati local government to accelerate the reduction of obstructions in order to reduce obstruction rates until the objective is reached in 2023. This study aims to find out how Pati Regency's Regent Regulation number 11 of 2020, which aims to reduce stunting more quickly, will be implemented. The research employs a qualitative methodology. Participants in this study included nutrition officers at the. Sukolilo. I.and. data are gathered through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation by the Head of the Human Development Division at Bapeeda, the Head of the Public Health Division at the Health Service, mothers of stunted toddlers in the two puskesmas areas, and Pati II health centers. This study demonstrates that the rule the district head issued to speed up the reduction of stunting in Pati Regency is working. There are satisfactory categories for communication, resources, attitude, and the structure of the bureaucracy. There is still a lack of community support for the environment.

“Merebut Kembali Tanah Leluhur”: Dinamika Akses dan Pengelolaan Hutan Masyarakat Adat Marena

The access of the Marena indigenous people in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia to their land has changed from time to time. Since community land is claimed by the state as state forest areas, community access is limited. When the Marena indigenous people obtained a customary forest decree from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, community access was regulated through customary control. This article focuses on the dynamics of access for the Marena indigenous people in accessing their land.
 This qualitative research was conducted in the Marena customary territory. There were 16 informants consisting of traditional leaders, former hamlet heads, head of AMAN, land owners, and the Marena indigenous people who do not own land in the customary forest. Primary data was collected using observation and in-depth interviews, while secondary data from various regulations (i.e. Constitution, Law, Government Regulation, Regional Regulation, District Head Decree, Constitutional Court of Indonesia Decree, etc.) and related publications (books, articles, reports, etc.) were also examined.
 The results of this study indicate that community access to forests is determined by state policies. In the beginning, the community had free access to their land before their plantations became state forest areas. Changes in the status of community land to state forest areas, limiting community access to their land so that the Marena indigenous people have to make some efforts, namely mediation, uprooting poultices, logging clandestinely and openly, poisoning pine trees, and expelling rude forest rangers. Changes in forestry policy after the Orde Baru era marked the era of recognition of forest management by indigenous peoples. This is used by the people in Marena's customary territory to free up their land which was previously made into state forest. For that, they are assisted by AMAN and the local government. AMAN played a role in facilitating the Marena indigenous people in legalizing their customary forest. The Enrekang Regional Government played a role in issuing the Enrekang Regency Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2016 concerning Recognition and Protection of Indigenous Peoples in Enrekang Regency and District Head Decree No. 155/KEP/II/2018 concerning Recognition of Marena Customary Law in Enrekang District recognition of customary forests. The government of Pekalobean and Singki villages played a role by giving approval for Marena's customary territory. It is undeniable that the involvement of these institutions have an important role in their land acquisition. In addition, the boundaries of customary forest areas are quite dynamic. Customary forest is a mechanism to protect community land, so that they can access their land and take advantage of natural resources in customary forests. However, customary rules need to be updated, so that they are relevant to today's context. In addition, the management of resources in the form of pine can be exploited for its economic potential by utilizing pine sap and making it a tourist attraction. Recognition of indigenous peoples needs to be tightened because it is political to reclaim access to natural resources.

Association of Upper Crossed Syndrome with Neck Pain in Lactating Women

Background and Introduction: Physiotherapy benefits women both in the antenatal and postnatal periods. Postnatal education is essential for guiding women about correct breastfeeding positioning. However, studies on the efficacy of this approach in developing countries like Pakistan are limited in the literature. This study is aimed to assess the association of upper crossed syndrome in lactating women. Methods: Descriptive study design was used for this cross-sectional study in which the following inclusion criteria interviewed 141 lactating women of Age 15-47 years. All these women were inpatients in Gynecology Ward at District Head Quarters Hospital, Sheikhupura. The neck disability index, Reedco posture assessment, and Numeric pain rating scale were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The Reedco scale assessed the posture alignment of the head, shoulders, and spine. Results: 53% of the participants were from the 15-25 age group, and the rest were from different age groups ranging from 26-47 years.79.4% had a cesarean section for the birth of their child.80.9% had 1-3 children.58.9% belong to the lower socioeconomic status. When the chi-square test was applied to check the association between all variables, it was evident that the patient's age is significantly associated with Reedco posture assessment and Neck disability index, Mode of delivery with Neck disability index. Still, there is no significant association between age and the Numeric pain rating scale, Birth history with the Numeric pain scale, and Reedco posture assessment. In the end, it was also revealed that Upper crossed syndrome and Neck pain had a statistically significant association of 0.033.(p-value<0.05). This study has potential benefits for the community as it sheds light on an important issue that affects lactating women. By identifying a possible association between upper crossed syndrome and neck pain in lactating women, healthcare professionals can develop more effective treatment plans to alleviate the discomfort experienced by these women. This can lead to an improvement in their overall quality of life and mental health. Conclusion: This study found an association between upper-crossed syndrome and neck pain. It was found that the lactating mothers with upper crossed syndrome were somehow related to bad Posture and suffered from musculoskeletal pain, especially neck pain. A lack of knowledge and awareness about correct positioning during breastfeeding is evidenced in this study. Women were unaware of the importance of physical therapy and the role of it during and after pregnancy. Keywords: Lactation, Neck pain, Kyphosis, Lordosis, over inhibition, Antenatal, Postnatal, Winging of scapula, Posture

INKONSISTENSI PERATURAN BUPATI KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR NOMOR 48 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PENERAPAN DISIPLIN PROTOKOL COVID-19 DENGAN ASAS PEMBUATAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DAN HUKUM TATA NEGARA ISLAM

This study examines the inconsistency of Tanah Datar District Head Regulation Number 48 of 2020 concerning the application of the Covid-19 protocol discipline with the principles of making legislation, both formal principles, namely: the principle of applicability and material principles, namely: the principle of openness, the principle of legal certainty. The two causative factors that influence the existence of inconsistency include the following internal factors: age factor, habit factor while external factors are as follows: educational factor, economic factor and work. The application of the Tanah Datar District Head's regulation Number 48 of 2020 concerning the application of the disciplinary protocol for the Covid-19 is not in accordance with the constitutional law of the Islamic state. Because in Islamic constitutional law it has been explained how the concept of implementing Islamic shari'ah is for us to obey the rules that have been made by the rulers or the government. However, in reality the community does not comply with the Tanah Datar District Regent Regulation Number 48 of 2020 concerning the application of the co-19 protocol discipline.