Districts Bordering Research Articles

Documentos sobre los judíos de Plasencia en el Archivo Catedralicio (1411-1492)

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The Impact of Land Use Community Environment in Borders Indonesia – Malaysia

Entikong Sub-district in Sanggau District is one of the areas directly adjacent to Malaysia (Sarawak) and the first and oldest cross-border entrance in Indonesia. Different characteristics from other regions (factor of production immobilities, transaction costs and delays, different economic systems, institutional issues, zoning, and the role of the informal sectors) drive the region’s economic is functioning internal also external. Economic perspectives in the border region are tend to increase. The overlapping of unclear land uses, causing the development of border areas to be improperly planned with the implications of natural resource degradation and environmental quality, and not achieving improved community welfare, dehumanization and deculturization processes, and macro leads to regional disintegration (especially Economically). The emphasis on this research is more on the environmental impacts of the Entikong border community making land change. The research objectives of this study identified the impact of land use change in the Entikong District border area to the community so that people can be more efficient and effective in protecting the environment. The analytical method used in the questionnaire survey used an Adkins and Burke Scale Weight Checklist impact questionnaire. This technique is an estimating environmental impact with scale made up to five. The impact components used are grouped into: either transportation, environmental, sociology, or economy. This method is very simple, in the form of a list of environmental components used to determine which components will be affected. First made a list of the various impacts that may be occured related to the planning and alternative plannuing. Sampling methods are made by purposive sampling methods based on the consideration of the researchers. Household unit sample is focused on the community that changed of the land. The results of this study is suggested by that land of using changes have a negative impact on environmental conditions biotic, abiotic, and community culture which is not good for environmental sustainability. The expected output from this research is to contribute the development of science in the field of environmental management and environmental management in particular sustainable land use.

Integrated Care across Health District Boundaries

The Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods (HHAN) Program provides long term care coordination to families with complex health and social needs, in the Sydney Local Health District (SLHD). Referral during the antenatal period is the preferred pathway, aiming to ensure complex families have support for themselves and their child, commencing in the period prior to birth. Previous geospatial mapping has identified two areas of clustered disadvantage within SLHD. Following identification of reduced attendance at one of two SLHD antenatal clinics, a HHAN care coordinator established communications with two hospitals in adjoining health districts to discover patterns of attendance for “out of area” pregnant women. Reasons for attendance at these “out of area” antenatal clinics is uncertain at this stage, but Local Government has identified gaps in public transport to the secondary SLHD hospital. Further research into cross boundary hospital attendance will be undertaken. By attending the adjacent Local Health District’s psychosocial meetings, HHAN aims to identify and engage with vulnerable women and their families, living with SLHD, but attending “out of area” health services. Engagement with adjoining health districts helps to integrate health and social care services beyond our local health district borders, which is vital for families living within previously identified areas of disadvantage. This initiative targeted pregnant women, and their families, with complex health and social needs residing in SLHD who were utilising antenatal health services outside SLHD boundaries. Engagement with health and social care providers across local health district boundaries is essential as HHAN aims to ensure vulnerable women and their families are not “falling through the cracks”. This presentation will focus on the initial collaboration between nurses/midwives and social workers, based in bordering health districts with the common aim of providing client focused support. Attendance at adjacent health district psychosocial meeting commenced in July 2017, following a period of discussion between health districts to acknowledge the identified gap in SLHD antenatal attendance and recognition of cross boundary health utilisation. Ongoing collaboration is planned to allow for seamless referral into the HHAN program and other health and social care services. Inter-Health District Care Coordination is a developing area within Australian public health. This Sydney-based, high-risk, antenatal pathway demonstrates to health care providers and their consumers that flexible support is possible across health boundaries. Interdisciplinary, cross health district collaboration is an essential current and future pathway to improve outcomes in the most vulnerable members of our population. The development of a trusting relationship between HHAN care coordinators, service providers and their clients has been an integral component of the success of the Healthy Homes and Neighbourhoods Program. This inter-health district liaison is enhancing communication and planning across health borders. Challenging and supporting health and social care partners to think and act outside their geographical boundaries is essential for ongoing change in these sectors, as we put the consumer and their complex lives at the forefront of our care. Whilst change is challenging, collaboration between health service providers is one step towards providing timely, integrated supportive care for vulnerable families.

Теоретико-методичні засади щодо встановлення меж земельних ділянок на які розповсюджується право земельного сервітуту

Теоретико-методичні засади щодо встановлення меж земельних ділянок на які розповсюджується право земельного сервітуту

Use of a community-led prevention strategy to enhance behavioral changes towards Ebola virus disease prevention: a qualitative case study in Western C\xf4te d\u2019Ivoire

BackgroundStarting in December 2013, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic spread in West Africa through five countries (Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria, and Mali), killing over 11,300 people. In partnership with Côte d’Ivoire’s Ministry of Health, the International Rescue Committee instigated a community-led strategy aimed at promoting behavior change in order to prevent potential Ebola outbreaks in the country. The strategy was implemented in Western districts bordering Liberia, Guinea, and Mali. This study aims to analyze the community-led strategy, to document lessons learned from the experience, and to capitalize on the achievements.MethodsA case study in four districts of Western Côte d’Ivoire, i.e. Biankouma, Danané, Odienné and Touba districts was carried out. Qualitative data in 12 villages (i.e., three villages per district) was collected from 62 healthcare workers, community leaders, and ordinary community members. Data was de-identified, coded and analyzed using a thematic approach.ResultsThe community-led strategy was socially accepted in the villages. Even though some community leaders reported that sensitization had been, at times, constrained by a lack of equipment, the people interviewed demonstrated accurate understanding of information about prevention practices. Some practices were easily adopted, while others remained difficult to implement (e.g., ensuring safe and dignified dead body management).ConclusionThis research demonstrates that sensitization efforts led by well-integrated and respected community leaders can be conducive of behavior change. Lessons learned from the community-led strategy could be applied to future disease outbreaks.

PRODUCING INFORMATION FOR CORINE DATABASE BY USING CLASSIFICATION METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF SAZLIDERE BASIN, ISTANBUL

Abstract. The Sazlidere Basin is located on the European side of Istanbul within the borders of Arnavutkoy and Basaksehir districts. The total area of the basin, which is largely located within the province of Arnavutkoy, is approximately 177 km2. The Sazlidere Basin is faced with intense urbanization pressures and land use / cover change due to the Northern Marmara Motorway, 3rd airport and Channel Istanbul Projects, which are planned to be realized in the Arnavutkoy region. Due to the mentioned projects, intense land use /cover changes occur in the basin. In this study, 2000 and 2012 dated LANDSAT images were supervised classified based on CORINE Land Cover first level to determine the land use/cover classes. As a result, four information classes were identified. These classes are water bodies, forest and semi-natural areas, agricultural areas and artificial surfaces. Accuracy analysis of the images were performed following the classification process. The supervised classified images that have the smallest mapping units 0.09 ha and 0.64 ha were generalized to be compatible with the CORINE Land Cover data. The image pixels have been rearranged by using the thematic pixel aggregation method as the smallest mapping unit is 25 ha. These results were compared with CORINE Land Cover 2000 and CORINE Land Cover 2012, which were obtained by digitizing land cover and land use classes on satellite images. It has been determined that the compared results are compatible with each other in terms of quality and quantity.

North West Surrey's locality hubs - delivering integrated care

North West Surrey's locality hubs - delivering integrated care

Elektroniczna edycja rejestrów poborowych województwa kaliskiego z drugiej połowy XVI w.

The paper describes how GIS was used to prepare the electronic edition of historical sources of tax registers of the Kalisz voivodeship in the second half of 16th century. Source data from the tax registers were typed out into spreadsheets. Different sources, like parochial visitations, king’s domain’s inspections and others, were used to obtain information about the settlements that was omitted in tax registers. Simultaneously, topographical and physiographical layers (forests, swamps, rivers, lakes, borders of voivodeships and districts, later – borders of parishes) were prepared in GIS. By using the data from tax registers and old maps the map of settlements was developed. Connecting the GIS layers with the data from the tax registers we created a spatial database. Th is database is available for all persons interested at the „Atlas of sources and materials for history of old Poland” website. The users can work with it on the Internet, using the WebGIS application, or download all data on their computers. After that the data can be used by the user freely. Furthermore, the users have access to the scan of original manuscripts and, if they find an error in the edition, they can report it to the administrators. If the mistake is confirmed by one of the scientists, it will be corrected. Th e described way of editing the historical sources is a new method for presenting the results of historical inquiries and editions of historical sources. Th e data from this edition can be related with the data from other projects. Those relations can make a database of historical data with a very high information potential that can be used in historical research.

Rozwój ekonomiczny powiatów województwa mazowieckiego – analiza wielowymiarowa

Celem pracy było określenie poziomu rozwoju ekonomicznego powiatów województwa mazowieckiego przy wykorzystaniu autorskiego wskaźnika syntetycznego. Z uzyskanych danych wynika, że najlepszymi powiatami pod względem rozwoju ekonomicznego w latach 2006-2015 były miasta na prawach powiatu: Warszawa, Płock i Ostrołęka oraz powiaty graniczące z Warszawą: piaseczyński i pruszkowski. Z kolei najgorszymi powiatami pod względem rozwoju ekonomicznego były powiaty położone na południu i wschodzie województwa mazowieckiego: lipski, przysuski, zwoleński, siedlecki i szydłowiecki.

Поширеність африканскьої чуми свиней в Україні

The dangerous epizootic situation of african swine fever (ASF) necessitates a thorough veterinary control at the border and related quarantine measures. The gradual expansion nosological area ASF in Ukraine complicates the system control and eradication of the disease at the state level. The aim of our work was to determine the prevalence of ASF in Ukraine for 2012–2016 years. During the research used epizootological method. According to 2012 in Ukraine were registered one outbreak of ASF. Next outbreaks were recorded in 2014 on the territory of 10 districts of three regions. Over 2015 cases of ASF noted in 27 previously advantaged districts. In 2016 ASF is set in 38 previously advantaged districts. During the 2012–2016 years in Ukraine free from disease 6 remained region: Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Kherson, Dnipropetrovsk and Donetsk. The greatest number of districts in the territory which have been reported outbreaks of ASF was observed in Chernihiv, Odessa, Poltava and Mykolaiv regions. Over the period ASF outbreaks recorded in 28 border districts bordering the Belarus, Russia, Moldova, Hungary and Romania. The territory annexed Crimea from 2013 is considered stable zone trouble of the ASF. Thus, during the years 2012–2016 ASF registered in the territory of 91 administrative district 18 regions of Ukraine.

Temporal and spatial distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD) outbreaks in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe from 2000 to 2013.

The objective of this study was to determine significant factors affecting spacio-temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease (LSD) in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. A retrospective study of LSD from year 2000 to 2013 was undertaken using records from the Department of Livestock and Veterinary Services, Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe. Descriptive statistics was computed on LSD cases, treatments, vaccinations, and deaths. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant factors affecting LSD distribution across diverse farming sectors (localities), districts, months, and years as from 2000 to 2013 in Mashonaland West Province. Districts bordering frequently vaccinated (foot and mouth) and game areas had significantly higher LSD outbreaks (p < 0.05) than those further away. LSD cases were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in resettlement (7.79 ± 1.42) and communal (7.59 ± 1.67) areas where there is sufficient veterinary institutional support than in commercial (6.79 ± 620) and A2 (6.85 ± 1.66) areas, whereas LSD cases were significantly lower (p < 0.05) probably due to under reporting in A1 (3.34 ± 0.46) and small scale (3.60 ± 0.46). Hot wet season had higher (p < 0.05) LSD cases than dry months as highest LSD cases were recorded in March (13.11 ± 5.89). Above normal annual rainfall had significantly higher (p < 0.05) LSD cases than normal and below normal rainfall. The study recommends strengthening of existing veterinary service structures for livestock movement and disease surveillance and vaccination to reduce further spread of the disease.

Improving Liver Allocation Using Optimized Neighborhoods.

Geographic disparities persist in access to liver transplantation. Candidates with similar urgency experience varying opportunities for transplants across the United States. Policymakers are poised to act and 1 proposal entails reorganizing the current Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) of 11 regions into 8 districts. However, redistricting has the shortcomings that Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) are disconnected from their immediate neighbors by district borders and that it is not easily responsive to uncertainty resulting from variability in donor and listing rates. We introduce the notion of an OPO's neighborhood-a collection of donor service areas (DSA) surrounding the OPO that acts as the OPO's region in the current local-regional-national framework. Districts and concentric circles are special cases. We design 58 neighborhoods for the DSAs with several attractive properties and optimize them to balance supplies and demands using 10 years of Organ Procurement and Transplant Network data. We conduct a simulation experiment comparing current allocation, redistricting, and neighborhoods under current sharing policies with respect to the following metrics: total mortalities, DSA-average model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) at transplant, DSA-average MELD standard deviation, and average organ transport distance. Liver-simulated allocation model cannot accommodate neighborhoods, so we programmed a discrete-event simulator, LivSim, to approximate liver-simulated allocation model. We exhibited a neighborhood solution. Compared with the current allocation, simulation results showed that neighborhoods reduce the DSA-average MELD standard deviation by 29% and save about 65 lives annually. Compared with redistricting, the neighborhoods had smaller average transport distances that were more uniform across DSAs, saved about 20 additional lives, and reduced DSA-average MELD standard deviation by an additional 17%. Alternatives to redistricting with desirable properties and performance are possible and should be considered.

Renegotiation and the Properties of Accounting Information: Evidence from a Bankruptcy Reform

I examine whether a bankruptcy reform that increases the ability to renegotiate debt contracts when a firm is in distress affects firms’ timely loss recognition. The legal changes that are embedded in the reform are expected to decrease renegotiation costs and the risk of coordination failure in the cases of the disclosure of bad news or covenant violations, providing firms with incentives to increase timely loss recognition. For identification, I exploit the introduction of a recent bankruptcy law in Italy that substantially facilitated the renegotiation of outstanding debt and court congestion as a source of cross-sectional variation in the enforcement of debt contracts. I address endogeneity concerns by relying on discontinuous changes in court congestion among similar contiguous municipalities located across judicial district borders. I find that after the introduction of the law, firms in more efficient courts experience a greater increase in timely loss recognition than firms in less efficient courts. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that the effect is greater for firms that are more likely to address contracting costs through accounting-based covenants, and with higher benefits of increasing the number of lending relationships. In addition, I find that the change in timely loss recognition is accompanied by an increase in arm’s length contracting. Taken together, I provide evidence on a specific institutional mechanism through which the legal institutions that govern debt renegotiation affect the properties of accounting information.

Political Borders and Bank Lending in Post-Crisis America

We use spatial discontinuities associated with congressional district borders to identify the effect of political influences on American banks' lending. We show that recipients of the 2008 public capital injection program (TARP) increased mortgage and small business lending by 23% to 60% more in areas located inside their home-representative's district than elsewhere. The impact is stronger if the representative supported the TARP in Congress, was subsequently re-elected, and received more political contributions from the financial industry. Together, these results suggest that political considerations influence credit allocation in a politically mature system like the United States without the formal possibility of political interference in lending decisions, and that this influence is larger if the flows between banks and politicians are reciprocal.

Khowar

Khowar (ISO 639-3: khw) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by 200,000–300,000 (Decker 1992: 31–32; Bashir 2003: 843) people in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (formerly North-West Frontier Province). The majority of the speakers are found in Chitral (a district and erstwhile princely state bordering Afghanistan, see Figure 1), where the language is used as a lingua franca, but there are also important pockets of speaker groups in adjacent areas of Gilgit-Baltistan and Swat District as well as a considerable number of recent migrants to larger cities such as Peshawar and Rawalpindi (Decker 1992: 25–26). Its closest linguistic relative is Kalasha, a much smaller language spoken in a few villages in southern Chitral (Morgenstierne 1961: 138; Strand 1973: 302, 2001: 252). While Khowar has preserved a number of features (phonological, morphological as well as lexical) now lost in other Indo-Aryan languages of the surrounding Hindukush-Karakoram mountain region, it has, over time, incorporated a massive amount of lexical material from neighbouring or influential Iranian languages (Morgenstierne 1936) – and with it, new phonological distinctions. Certain features might also be attributable to formerly dominant languages (e.g. Turkic), or to linguistic substrates, either in the form of, or related to, the language isolate Burushaski, or other, now extinct, languages previously spoken in the area (Morgenstierne 1932: 48, 1947: 6; Bashir 2007: 208–214). There is relatively little dialectal variation among the speakers in Chitral itself, probably attributable to the relative recency of the present expansion of the language (Morgenstierne 1932: 50).

POTRAIT OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER COMPETENCE IN BORDER AREA SANGGAU REGENCY

This study intends to conduct a study on the needs and competencies of teachers and border area development of education in District Entikong Sanggau West Borneo as an alternative means of problem solving to provide solutions as a foothold in the revitalization of educational equity in the border area. Data for this study were obtained from Cabdikpora, teachers and informants related. The techniques used for data collection was a survey and interview techniques. Data collection tool consists of methods of documentation, questionnaires and interview guides to collect qualitative information from the data source. The data were processed using descriptive analytic method. Issues raised in this study is the need and competence of teachers in the development and inhibiting factors in education based on the implementation. The findings of this study suggest that the urgency and attention management, and implementation of government policies for the development of human resources through education Entikong is needed. Collection is shows that the relevance of the teacher in the District border area Entikong still not proportionate and relevant, and should be done regularly coaching, and intensive scheduled to increase each line competency of teachers, both pedagogic competence, personality, professional, and socially by the local education office. Therefore, in order to provide guidance cabdikpora a comprehensive, well improved coordination between the members and managers of education in the district and the district education units and educators, improve access to information, to evaluate the data collection on a regular basis for the benefit of the administration and implementation of the completeness of data collection of learning, as a means of monitoring and evaluation for the parameters of the program's success in education and policy makers as a follow-up . Participate in the provision of facilities and infrastructure in procuring gradually related to the completeness of supporting the implementation of learning (laboratory equipment, technology, learning resources, instructional media, and so on), improve quality of service for the management, monitoring and evaluation as well as preparing and placing teachers who according to its competence

Court Enforcement, Bank Loans, and Firm Investment: Evidence from a Bankruptcy Reform in Brazil *

Abstract We exploit variation in the congestion of civil courts across Brazilian municipalities, together with a bankruptcy reform increasing secured creditors’ protection, to estimate the effect of enforcement on firm access to finance, investment, and size. We find that firms operating in municipalities with less congested courts experienced a larger increase in the use of secured loans, as well as a larger increase in investment and value of output in the years after the reform. To establish the direction of causality, we use an instrumental variable strategy that exploits Brazilian state laws on judicial organization, and focus on differences in court congestion across otherwise similar neighboring municipalities located across judicial district borders within the same state. The evidence indicates that differences in court enforcement affect the impact of financial reform on firm access to finance, investment, and size.

The Effect of School Administrators' Political Skills against Organizational Cynicism in Educational Organizations

In the present study, it is aimed to investigate the relationship between the primary school teachers’ perceptions of the political skills of school administrators and their perceptions of organizational cynicism. Within the scope of this general purpose, it was investigated whether there was a significant relationship between teachers’ perceptions of school administrators’ political skills and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral cynicism. The universe of the study is composed of teachers working in the primary schools within the central district borders of Kocaeli province of Turkey. 350 teachers from 21 primary schools chosen via simple random sampling from among 54 primary schools in Izmit district of Kocaeli province made up the sample of this study. “Organizational Cynicism Scale” developed by Brandes et al. (1999) and Political Skill Inventory (PSI) developed by Ferris, Treadway et al. (2005) was used in the present study. The study findings demonstrate a significant positive relationship between the teachers’ perceptions of political skills and organizational cynicism. It was also found out that the sincerity dimension of the school administrators’ political skills significantly predicts cognitive, emotional, and behavioral cynicism while the social astuteness and sincerity dimensions together have a significant influence on emotional cynicism.

WORKFLOW AUTOMATION WITH POSTGIS TOPOLOGY

Traditionally, a process of changing district borders can be a long and cumbersome process involving several layers of political decision-making. By using PostGIS topology and database triggers the workflow can be optimised and the setup automated, ultimately presenting the end-user with a fluent and fully automatic workflow without any complicated data interactions. This moves the responsibility from the GIS department out in the organisation. This paper presents the findings of creating this setup with the case of school districts, and creates a foundation for an automated editing process to be integrated with a webGIS application.

Who Trusts Others? Community and Individual Determinants of Social Capital in a Low Income Country

This study presents new evidence on individual and community-specific determinants of social trust using data from 96 villages in Bangladesh. We find perceived institutional trust to be positively correlated with stated inter-personal trust. At the same time, there is significant social distance among various faith groups in our data: both Hindus and Muslims trust their coreligionists more than they trust those from other religions. Hindus in districts bordering India trust non-Hindus significantly less, compared to those in interior regions, which suggests that the results do not simply capture the effect of minority/majority status. Trust towards non-Muslims is negatively correlated with Islamic school attendance among Muslim respondents, while religiosity tends not to play any role. Compared to religion, the effects of institutional trust and local economic development are modest. These findings are robust to control for a range of individual- and community-level correlates, and enumerator fixed-effects.