Distributors Of Products Research Articles

Potential Cost-Savings From the Use of the Biosimilars in Slovakia.

Objectives: To analyse the market shares of biosimilars in Slovakia and to calculate the potential cost-savings from the use of biosimilars in Slovakia based on two different data sources.Methods: National reimbursement lists from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia were used for analyzing the availability of biosimilars with public funding. In addition, the reimbursement dossiers of biosimilars, the justifications of reimbursement decisions by the Slovak Ministry of Health, and final reimbursement decrees, which are published on the webpage of the Slovak Ministry of Health, were utilized for this study. Reimbursement decisions regarding biosimilars by the Slovak Ministry of Health from 2006 to August 2019 were considered and the detailed utilization of biosimilars in 2018 was analyzed based on data from the State Institute for Drug Control. The study was validated based on data from the Slovak National Health Information Center.Results: Fifty four biosimilars were approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in August 2019. Of the total group of licensed biosimilars on the market, 29 biosimilars (54%) were available in the Czech Republic, 28 biosimilars (52%) were available in Poland, and 27 biosimilars (50%) were available in Hungary and 24 biosimilars (44%) were available in Slovakia. Our analysis, based on the data provided by distributors of medicinal products to the State Institute for Drug Control, revealed that the health fund in Slovakia could have saved 35 to 50 million euros per year if biosimilars with marketing authorisations had been available on the Slovak market. The calculations assumed a 25–35% price decrease against the original biological medical products, and that there would be no increase in the utilization of biosimilars in Slovakia.Conclusions: To achieve significant improvement in patient access to biosimilars in Slovakia, a top-down approach establishing targets and quotas for the procurement of biosimilars should be applied.

Fluidra takes over Benelux distributor

Spanish pool and wellness equipment company Fluidra has acquired Aquafive, a Belgian distributor of swimming pool products, including filters.

Designing Enterprise Architecture for Distributor of Consumer Product Using TOGAF ADM

The purpose of this research is to design enterprise architecture for CV. Adiwarna Tunggal Jaya in accordance with its capacity as a distributor of consumer products. CV. Adiwarna Tunggal Jaya does not yet have an enterprise architecture blueprint as a reference for creating integrated information systems. The method used in designing enterprise architecture in this research is The Open Group Architecture Framework Architecture Development Method (TOGAF ADM) as a framework that will help to design a CV. Adiwarna Tunggal Jaya. The steps applied in TOGAF ADM in this research will only use four phases of the nine phases, namely Architecture Vision, Business Architecture, Information Systems Architectures, and Technology Architecture. The output of this research is to provide a blueprint for enterprise architecture guidance that can help CV. Adiwarna Tunggal Jaya to get a clear vision and mission of the company to improve its business processes and supports achieving its strategic goals and as a guide for a future development. The conclusion of this research is that the design of the enterprise architecture using TOGAF ADM can be used by the CV. Adiwarna Tunggal Jaya according to the documentation and processes in progress and can provide a blueprint for the development of information systems to support ongoing business processes.

Fluidra takes over Benelux distributor

Spanish pool and wellness equipment company Fluidra has acquired Aquafive, a Belgian distributor of swimming pool products, including pumps.

MOSQUITO CONTROL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE TO NATURAL DISASTERS.

On February 9, 2019, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 was signed into law and appropriated $200M in hurricane funding to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for preparation, response, recovery, mitigation, and other expenses related to the consequences of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria. The CDC then awarded, through CDC-RFA-TP18-1802 Cooperative Agreement for Emergency Response: Public Health Crisis Response notice of funding opportunity, $51,136,347 in extramural funding. Funding specific to vector-borne diseases, including intramural and extramural (partners and jurisdictions), was $37,628,235 to Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands. State and territorial funding supported the implementation of conventional and novel mosquito control techniques, training for public health pest control applicators, replacement of mosquito surveillance and control supplies utilized in the aftermath of the 2017 hurricanes, insecticide resistance testing and training, and source reduction. Additionally, the CDC hurricane funding supported this special issue of the Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association (JAMCA) focused on mosquito control response in the wake of natural disasters. We invited hurricane relief funding grantees, mosquito control programs, academics, manufacturers, product distributors, and applicators to submit response plans or descriptive articles related to their experience with mosquito control after natural disasters. The objective of this special issue of JAMCA is to provide a comprehensive volume that includes resources to help guide mosquito control in areas affected by natural disasters. The shared experiences should serve to assist others involved in mosquito control in planning for and responding to natural disasters.

Factors Affecting Work Satisfaction and Employee Performance in Automotive Industrial Chain

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the determination of compensation, motivation and organizational commitment to employee performance and job satisfaction as an intervening variable. Design/methodology/approach: The statistical method used is the Structural Equation Model with a total sample of 112 respondents. This study uses a questionnaire to measure the factors affecting work satisfaction as compensation, motivation, organizational commitment, job satisfaction and employee performance. Findings: The results of this study found that there were positive and significant effects of compensation on the job satisfaction, and organizational commitment to job satisfaction as well as the effect of motivation on employee’s performance. Moreover, the insignificant effect is found in the effect of the job satisfaction on employee performance, the motivation on the job satisfaction, the compensation towards the employee performance and the organizational commitment on the employee performance. Mediation test proves that the job satisfaction is able to mediate the effects of compensation, motivation and organizational commitment on employee performance. Practical Implications: The results of this study can be the basis for the management of automotive product distributors in Batam City to increase compensation, and motivation for employees to improve job satisfaction and company performance. Originality/value: This study confirms the result that there are positive and significant effects of compensation on job satisfaction and organizational commitment to job satisfaction, and the effect of motivation on employee’s performance.

Colonial Chemical appoints Maroon as speciality products distributor

Colonial Chemical appoints Maroon as speciality products distributor

Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir Melalui Pemberdayaan Perempuan

This study examines the strategy of community economic welfare improvement through empowering coastal women in utilizing fishery waste products. The informants were purposively pick up from those who attended the training of waste processing of fishery products and took the follow-up training. Additional data were collected through observation, interview and documental study. The cumulative data were then examined used SWOT analysis. The results show that the workable strategy was SO (Strengths–Opportunities) strategy, namely using internal strengths to get the advantage from external opportunities. The weaknesses needs for improvement were lack of skill, lack of tools or equipment to process the products, lack of funds, unregistered business body and limited market. Meanwhile, the threats from competitors of similar products, unavailability of product distributors, consumer demand for more creative products, and rapid technological development are hard to follow by coastal women.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ЗБУТУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СУБ'ЄКТІВ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ

The article considers the essence of sales promotion at the enterprise, analyzes the relationship between manufacturers and distributors of products to promote goods on the market. The article describes the measures that help in the formation of the marketing activities of the enterprise, as well as the types of sales promotion depending on the subjects of stimulation.

Discussion on EU medicinal products regulatory expectations and flexibility during COVID-19 public health emergency

The current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health crisis is posing unprecedented challenges on public health needs of European Union (EU). EU has updated Questions and Answers on Regulatory Expectations for Medicinal Products for human use during the COVID-19 Pandemic in July 2020, adjusted the regulatory expectations and flexibility related to marketing authorization, inspection, pharmacovigilance activities, products information and labelling, etc, during COVID-19 pandemic, articulated series of appropriate measures and provided flexibility legal tools such as exceptional change management process, distant assessment, postponing the testing, prioritisation of pharmacovigilance activities, to help manufacturers and distributors of pharmaceutical products to cope with the consequences of the pandemic, ensure the high standards of quality, safety, efficacy of medicines, and availability of medicinal products. The emergency management experience of EU was still useful for perfecting the drug emergency management system of China.

Digital marketing in the SPA-resort product promoting

Digital marketing technologies create new ways for driving customers in spa-product purchasing, providing feedbacks and endorsements due to new methods of communication, supporting and reinforcing Spa-resort product producers and distributors promises. Actually, at this time resort market has no effective and united strategy for SPA-resort product promotion and sales, which has to be based on modern digital marketing instruments. The review of digital SPA-resort market in Black Sea resorts and Caucasian Spas areas revealed the lack of coordination between providers of natural curative resources, tourist’s accommodation means, healthcare facilities and travel organizers. Ignoring the specifics of SPA-resort product and uniqueness of its nature in its promotion and merchandising causes the drop-in sales because of the decrease in consumer interest and lack of information about variety of product benefits for health resumption. Thus, recommendations and suggestions about possible ways of joining efforts in SPA-product rout-to market with use of digital marketing technologies would show a large return to the resort industry in a long-term period.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The article deals with the basic concepts and tendencies of the digital economy. The current state of the digital economy and prospects for its development in Ukraine are analyzed. It is proposed to consider the digital economy development as an element of the social development strategy. The research methodology includes neo-institutional and systemic approaches, as well as analysis of statistics and data from social studies. The work concerns equally the theoretical and applied aspects of the topic. The paper is based on secondary data that has been collected from the official statistics, the Internet, science articles, interviews, papers, etc. The analysis results indicate a relatively unfavorable situation in Ukraine. The digital economy development entails dramatic changes in social relations. These processes include both risks (the market is being restructured in a new way, leading to challenges related to jobs, skills, security and privacy), as well as prospects (stimulating innovation, increasing governance efficiency, improving service delivery, inclusion and sustainable economic growth, the well-being of citizens, countries and society). The society and the state should be properly prepared for such changes. Therefore, the digital economy development in terms of public administration should be seen as an element of a social development strategy that requires proper scientific and expert substantiation. The concept of digital economy development in Ukraine envisages several measures aimed at addressing digital gap (from digital jobs to digital initiatives in the modern world, conducting digitalization of industry and business, defining basic digital services, preparing educational modernization measures, as well as forecasting digital development in Ukraine until 2020). On January 17, 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the Concept for the Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 and a plan of measures for its implementation. The document emphasizes that the path to the digital economy and digital society of Ukraine lies through the domestic product market, use and consumption of information and communication or digital technologies. The digital economy development is a set of mechanisms, motivation factors, and incentives for the implementation of digital technologies, and, therefore, a branched digital infrastructure for harnessing the state's capabilities, enhancing its competitiveness, and increasing the well-being of citizens. Currently, Ukrainian market of information products and services is at the stage of formation. The market of information products consists of technical and technological components (modern information equipment, powerful computers, advanced computer network and related information processing technologies, which enables to work on the global computer network Internet, search information, customers, goods, hypertext management technology, e-mail); regulatory and legal components (the legal basis for regulating the information market); organizational components (elements of state regulation of interaction between producers and distributors of information products and services). At the same time, the tasks of identifying specific practical legal, regulatory (organizational), economic and financial infrastructural mechanisms for the development of the «digital society» that would facilitate the rapid growth of the digital economy remain unresolved.

Product Governance: Paternalism Outsourced to Financial Institutions?

High ranking in the top ten of challenges for the financial sector in 2018 was the entry into force of the second version of the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II). Among the most striking novelties in MiFID II are without doubt the product governance rules, which to this day cause a lot of interpretation and implementation difficulties. They introduce a kind of “know-your-customer” requirements at product level: both in the design and the distribution phase of a product, the target market for that product is to be identified. As a result product manufacturers and distributors need to properly understand all product features and assess for what type of clients those products could be suited. Those product governance rules should prevent that products are sold or recommended to investors for whom they are not intended and come on top of pre-existing measures, such as the suitability and appropriateness assessments. Although the aim of the product governance rules is commendable, the new regime is far from perfect. After briefly describing the MiFID II rules on product governance for product manufacturers and product distributors, this contribution discusses four major shortcomings: the limited personal scope of application of the regime and its inconsistency with the PRIIPs Regulation; the difficulties for product distributors in defining a target market for the mass of products manufactured by manufacturers not subject to MiFID; the compliance burden for distributors relating to the requirement to give feedback to manufacturers; and the problem of self-censorship by financial institutions. Each of these shortcomings result in reductions of the product offer for investors, without a correspondent increase in investor protection. The contribution offers concrete proposals for amendment of the PRIIPs Regulation and the ESMA Product Governance Guidelines to remedy those shortcomings. The contribution concludes that even though this may not have been the intent of the legislator, the effects of the MiFID II product governance regime represent nothing less than a paternalistic revolution. The author argues that, without losing the potential benefits of the product governance rules as a means of investor protection, the proposed amendments would result in an improved scope of the product governance rules, alleviate the compliance burden for distributors and allow the product governance rules to get rid of their paternalistic edge.

Zoonotic diseases from birds to humans in Vietnam: possible diseases and their associated risk factors.

In recent decades, exceeding 60% of infectious cases in human beings are originated from pathogenic agents related to feral or companion animals. This figure continues to swiftly increase due to excessive exposure between human and contaminated hosts by means of applying unhygienic farming practices throughout society. In Asia countries-renowned for lax regulation towards animal-trading markets-have experienced tremendous outbreaks of zoonotic diseases every year. Meanwhile, various epidemic surges were first reported in the residential area of China-one of the largest distributor of all animal products on the planet. Some noticeable illnesses comprising of A/H5N1 or H7N9-known as avian influenza which transmitted from poultry and also wild birds-have caused inevitable disquiet among inhabitants. Indeed, poultry farming industry in China has witnessed dynamic evolution for the past two decades, both in quantity and degree of output per individual. Together with this pervasive expansion, zoonotic diseases from poultry have incessantly emerged as a latent threat to the surrounding residents in entire Asia and also European countries. Without strict exporting legislation, Vietnam is now facing the serious problem in terms of poultry distribution between the two countries' border. Even though several disease investigations have been conducted by many researchers, the disease epidemiology or transmission methods among people remained blurred and need to be further elucidated. In this paper, our aim is to provide a laconic review of common zoonotic diseases spread in Vietnam, outstanding cases and several factors predisposing to this alarming situation.

The Implementation of Supply Chain Management at �Sale Pisang� Businesses to Face MEA

Home Industry �Sale pisang� Banyuwangi UD. Della Sale is one of the many UMKM producers of Banyuwangi souvenirs. The home industry faces several problems, namely (1) the shelf life of the fried �sale pisang� product is relatively short because of draining oil process is not maximal. (2) Product marketing is still limited. Maharani Community seeks to increase the income of its assisted people by cooperating with UD. Della Sale and acts as a distributor of �sale pisang� products. However, members of the Maharani Community do not have the knowledge and skills of financial management and marketing, so it makes difficult to develop. Therefore, this activity aims to improve the quality of production and increase the demand for �sale pisang� products through Supply Chan Management to face competition in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). In this PKM activity, there are 3 (three) activities with the following objectives: The first activity aims to provide appropriate technology in the form of Spinner machines for draining oil to prevent changes in taste and quality of �sale pisang�. And the packaging machine is a vacuum sealer to make the product more durable and long lasting. The second activity is designing e-commerce websites and providing knowledge and assistance for product marketing. The third activity aims to provide knowledge about financial management by providing financial management materials with UMKM accounting standards.

Analisis Kinerja Pemasaran PT. NSS

NSS Limited Liability Company (NSS LLC) is a lubricant product distributor which has distribution permit from principal of a certain area. The company should maintain a certain performance as the principal’s criteria. Effort to maintain company’s marketing performance always should be conducted sothat to hold the distribution permit. This research aimed to analyze the marketing performance of NSS LLC based on 4Ps elements of marketing mix. Data were collected from 50 active consumers which routinely purchase in six month lately with questionnaires. Desciptive analyze was used to depict the company’s marketing performance with tables and using average. Overall, results showed that NSS LLC’s marketing performance were good. Each marketing mix element was scored good by consumers. Place distribution element was scored the best compared to other elements, especially related to product guarentee to reach the consumers’ hands in good condition and on exact time. Whilst promotion as the marketing mix element was scored the lowest, though promotion programs were scored interesting and frequently conducted.

CJEU rules that taste of a food product is not protectable by copyright

Levola Hengelo BV v Smilde Foods BV, C-310/17 [2018] Court of Justice of the European Union, ECLI:EU:C:2018:899 In its ruling in Levola, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) held that the taste of a food product cannot be protected by copyright because it is not identifiable with sufficient precision and objectivity. Levola is a Dutch distributor of food products. One of its most popular products is a spreadable dip that contains cream cheese and fresh herbs, which is sold under the name Heks’nkaas or Heksenkaas (‘Witches’ cheese). Levola sued Smilde after this started marketing a competing product, and claimed that Smilde’s product infringed its copyright in the taste of Heksenkaas. At first instance, the District Court Gelderland dismissed Levola’s claims without having to decide on the question of whether copyright protection can vest in the taste of a food product (Rechtbank Gelderland, 10 June 2015, ECLI:NL:RBGEL:2015:4674). The District Court held that Levola had failed to state which elements or combination of elements in the taste of Heksenkaas constituted the work that would be entitled to copyright protection.

Value change analysis of batik woodcraft in Krebet Tourism Village

Krebet Village is one of the villages located in Bantul Regency, D.I Yogyakarta. As one of the centers of wooden batik industry, Krebet Tourism Village is not only a tourist destination but also has wooden batik products that become the leading commodity of the village. The profession as a wooden batik industry craftsman in Krebet Tourism Village becomes the main livelihood for most of the villagers even extends to the surrounding villages. Wooden batik production activities performed by craftsmen from the manufacture to marketing of wood batik, where the way this product marketing varies between craftsmen one and the other. This study aims to analyze the value chain activities and identify marketing distribution of wooden batik products from Krebet Tourism Village. The analysis used descriptive analysis from structured interview data to 46 wooden batik business owners in Krebet Tourism Village. The results show that the actors involved in the value chain are raw material suppliers, raw material distributors, wooden batik industries, product distributors and retailers. Differences in the value chain in some wooden batik workshops have an impact on the different ways of product marketing which further contributes to the pattern of distribution of wooden batik commodity and earnings turnover.

Improving the modeling and forecasting of fuel selling price using the radial basis function technique: A case study

Recently, the petroleum sector in Morocco has been liberalized which has a significant effect for petroleum product distributors. Since the beginning of December 2015, fuel prices are freely determined. This event presents many constraints affecting the balance of the sector plus the competition between its economic players. The lack of accompanying measures by the State makes this vital reform for public finances that stop subsidizing the price of gasoline vulnerable. As all fuel products are imported, we will be interested in the evolution by making forecasts of the price of fuels in the Moroccan market. In this context, our paper aims mainly to study the selling price of diesel and gasoline in order to provide precise forecasts to the company and to respect the permissible error margin of 3%. To this end, we worked with a widely used approach for price forecasting: artificial neural networks technique (radial basis function). Recently, it is suggested to work with artificial neural networks in forecasting field as an alternative to the traditional linear methods. We developed a radial basis function network to come up with conclusions in terms of the superiority in forecasting performance. Consequently, the radial basis function technique proved its strength manifested in the error that was further minimized: 1.95% instead of 2.85% for autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model used in our previous work. The error is further minimized by applying radial basis function technique.

A Study on Increase of Consumption of Seaweeds of Marine Product Distributors: Focused on Increase of Consumption of Seaweeds

A Study on Increase of Consumption of Seaweeds of Marine Product Distributors: Focused on Increase of Consumption of Seaweeds