Seed Distribution Research Articles

APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL IN MECHANIZED CORN SEEDING

Several factors alter the quality of the mechanized sowing process of corn, and the use of the statistical process control (SPC) technique not only allows the identification of process limitation points but also ensures the correct functioning and conduction of the mechanized process, determining critical factors. that may decrease their performance. In view of the above, the present study aims to qualitatively evaluate, through this technique, the longitudinal distribution of corn seeds as a function of different stands and operational speeds during the sowing process. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (CBD) with three replications and in a split-plot design. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and when significant, analyzed using Tukey's test, with 5% significance. To carry out the statistical process control, mean and amplitude control charts were used to evaluate the effect of operational speed, seed distribution, deposition depth and plant germination. The results indicate that the use of statistical process control is an efficient tool to identify the behavior of the corn sowing process. Based on the results, speeds close to 4.5 km/h allowed an efficient sowing process, as it presented a higher percentage of normal spaces in the distribution of maize seeds.

Promoting Sustainable Urban Farming Through Plant Clinic Consultations on Car Free Days

In the face of rapid urban growth, this community service activity addresses the problem of decreasing green open land and the lack of awareness of sustainable agriculture. Activities carried out during the car-free day on Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta, involved a plant clinic, demonstrations of sustainable maintenance and distribution of seeds. The aim is to increase the understanding of urban communities about the importance of sustainable agriculture and provide practical guidance. Through direct interaction with experts and hands-on practice, these activities increase people's understanding and confidence in caring for plants. The distribution of seedlings also stimulates interest in gardening and an increase in greenery. The results of this dedication encourage active participation in urban farming, providing benefits to the environment and the community's quality of life. This activity confirmed that direct approaches with communities, through clinics, demonstrations, and active participation, effectively address urban environmental challenges and raise awareness of sustainable agriculture.

Mathematical Modelling and Designing of a Universal Conical Spreader for Granular Material

Abstract A universal conical spreader for uniform distribution of granular fertilizers and seeds of grain crops, grasses is proposed. The developed universal conical spreader is designed for subsurface application of above-mentioned granular materials using seed drills and can be used as a passive distributor in a wide variety of applications. The methods of theoretical mechanics and descriptive geometry, particularly the method of replacement of projection plane have been applied to arrive at the design of the cone – the shape of conical spreader. A parametric equation was derived for the truncated part of the cone, which is an ellipse. The unique design of the cone-shaped distributor has a truncating form in the direction transverse to the movement of the seeder. In order to determine the interval of variability of spreader parameters more precisely, an analysis was carried out using a Mathcad-15 software. The results of theoretical research were confirmed in the laboratory and field conditions. The width of seed distribution, uniformity, and stability of distribution were studied to arrive at the most effective cone distributor design. The smallest values of non-uniformity and instability of material distribution of experimental coulter are reached at the values of factors D = 117–119 mm, h = 17–18 mm, and H = 32–35 mm.

Electric drive system for seed metering and its effects on the distribution and development of the corn crop

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the electric transmission drive of the seed metering mechanism of a precision seeder, in relation to the mechanical drive, in the distribution of corn seeds, and its effects on the development of the crop. The experiment was carried out using precision agriculture techniques - geostatistics - in a plot of 4.19 ha managed under no-tillage system. The area was divided into a grid with 35 points for each treatment (electrical transmission of the seed metering mechanism and mechanical transmission of the seed metering mechanism). To carry out the experiment, a precision seeder consisting of 7 lines was used, configured with 0.45m line spacing, being: 4 consecutive lines by electrical transmission and 3 consecutive lines driven by mechanical transmission. The electrical transmission of the seed dosing mechanism provided, in relation to mechanical transmission, a lower coefficient of variation of the linear distribution of seeds, a lower spacing index with failure, a higher normal spacing index, and a smaller difference in seeding density. As a consequence, the electrical transmission of the seed metering mechanism increased the productivity of the corn crop by 1.33% (87.96 kg ha-1) when compared to mechanical transmission.

Utilization Of Butterfly Pea Instant Powder as an Antihypertension Health Drink in Dungaliyo Village, Gorontalo District

Hypertension is a state of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic ≥90 mmHg. This non-communicable disease has become a problem in the world because of its increasing prevalence and its association with cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney disease. Gorontalo Regency is a district with the highest number of hypertension sufferers and based on research data, one of the survey data for hypertension sufferers is in the Dungaliyo Village area. This community service aims to apply research results related to the use of natural ingredients in the form of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) which has many benefits, one of which is antihypertensive activity. The application was realized in the form of distribution of butterfly pea flower instant powder and training for cadres/community groups related to the procedure for making butterfly pea flower instant powder. This is to increase the level of health and skills of the people of Gorontalo in general as well as the awareness of cadres/community groups where the community service is carried out in particular. This community service activity has been carried out in accordance with the objectives and methods planned in 3 (three) stages. Stage 1; Coordination with the Head of Dungaliyo village, Stage 2; Pretest understanding of hypertension and butterfly pea flowers, measurement of blood pressure and dissemination of the use of butterfly pea powder as an antihypertensive health drink, Stage 3; Socialization of butterfly pea flower cultivation, distribution of seeds, measurement of blood pressure and Posttest. This community service activity obtained the results of an evaluation of community understanding which increased from 50% to 90% and a decrease in blood pressure with the percentage of people with high blood pressure from 25% to 20 %.

ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED LANDFILL IMPACTS ON SELECTED SEGMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT – A CASE STUDY

Landfilling is the oldest method of waste management. A number of biological, chemical, and physical reactions occur at the landfills, which cause a threat to the environment. For this reason, landfill monitoring is necessary, and biomonitoring is increasingly beginning to be used. The aim of this study is to (i) determine some effects of the landfill on the surrounding environment, (ii) analysis of plant bioindicators and (iii) biomonitoring based on the occurrence of plant species producing allergenic pollen. Furthermore, plants producing fruits and seeds were also analysed. During biomonitoring, no serious effects of the landfill on the surrounding environment were detected. The plant species found were evaluated based on the frequency of occurrence, pollination vector, distribution of fruits and seeds, and intensity of allergen effects. Thanks to the occurrence of plant allergens, there is a potential risk of the spread of allergens to the landfill surroundings. Furthermore, some species of non-native and invasive plants were found on the active part of the landfill. These species spread their seeds and fruits, and they pose a potential risk to the ecosystems.

Socialization of the use of medicinal plants to improve family health resilience in Keliling Benteng Ulu Village, Banjar Regency

Indonesia is rich in biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Family medicinal plants are cultivated for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Plants in wetlands have played a vital role in the daily life of local communities, but traditional knowledge has declined with the degradation and change of wetlands. To overcome this, community service activities were carried out in the Village of Keliling Benteng Ulu, Banjar Regency in the form of lecture and distribution of medicinal plant seeds. This activity is aimed to increase the knowledge of villagers about the use of family medicinal plants. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge related to the use of family medicinal plants for family health resilience.

Jenis Tumbuhan Obat Yang Dikonsumsi Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Di Goa Kreo

Kreo Cave is one of Macaca fascicularis habitats in Central Java Province. Kreo Cave has been used as a natural tourist spot in the city of Semarang since 2014. One of the attractions for visitors is the presence of monkeys in the area, especially around the cave. Macaca fascicularis is a type of non-human primate whose distribution is very wide. Macaca fascicularis have an important role for an area, one of which is as a eater of fruits and seeds found in the area, thus helping in the distribution of seeds in order to maintain the balance of nature. The purpose of this research is to describe the types of food eaten and can be used as medicine for Macaca fascicularis. The results showed that Macaca fascicularis in the Kreo Cave Tourism Area ate several plants in the area such as Tamarindus indica, Musa paradisiaca, Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, Nephelium lappaceum, Leucaena leucocephala, and Morinda citrifolia. When visitors brought bananas, several monkeys came closer and then the visitors threw them at the monkeys. The faster monkey will get the bananas. After the banana is in his hand, Macaca fascicularis takes him to a quiet place or away from their friends.

Supply Chain Performance Analysis of Plant Seedling Distribution System Using Supply Chain Operations Reference Method

In the industrial world, distribution activities are one of the important things in the flow of a business process. The role of advances in information technology also has a considerable good impact on the process of exchanging information in business processes. The XYZ agency is responsible for organizing the distribution of plant seeds to all communities and farmer groups as an effort to improve the economy in the agro-industrial sector. However, there are obstacles in the distribution process activities carried out by the XYZ agency such as the lack of harmonization of information exchange with regional posts. This causes the distribution process to be hampered and also not even distributed. Therefore, it is necessary to describe the process flow using the Supply Chain Management (SCM) method to manage seeds distribution management appropriately. SCM elaborates each supply chain process in detail by categorizing each process with the attributes of plan, source, make, deliver, and return. In addition, performance measurement using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is carried out to determine and provide recommendations for improvements needed for each related performance metric. There are 31 Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that are in accordance with the distribution process and validated in XYZ agency. The result of performance measurement based on the Key Performance Indicator reached 83.12, which indicated the performance monitoring of the actual seeds distribution process by XYZ agency at the Good level.

SY-Net: A Rice Seed Instance Segmentation Method Based on a Six-Layer Feature Fusion Network and a Parallel Prediction Head Structure.

During the rice quality testing process, the precise segmentation and extraction of grain pixels is a key technique for accurately determining the quality of each seed. Due to the similar physical characteristics, small particles and dense distributions of rice seeds, properly analysing rice is a difficult problem in the field of target segmentation. In this paper, a network called SY-net, which consists of a feature extractor module, a feature pyramid fusion module, a prediction head module and a prototype mask generation module, is proposed for rice seed instance segmentation. In the feature extraction module, a transformer backbone is used to improve the ability of the network to learn rice seed features; in the pyramid fusion module and the prediction head module, a six-layer feature fusion network and a parallel prediction head structure are employed to enhance the utilization of feature information; and in the prototype mask generation module, a large feature map is used to generate high-quality masks. Training and testing were performed on two public datasets and one private rice seed dataset. The results showed that SY-net achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 90.71% for the private rice seed dataset and an average precision (AP) of 16.5% with small targets in COCO2017. The network improved the efficiency of rice seed segmentation and showed excellent application prospects in performing rice seed quality testing.

К ОБОСНОВАНИЮ УПРАВЛЯЕМЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЫСЕВАЮЩЕГО АППАРАТА ЭЛЕКТРИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ СЕЯЛКИ

An important aspect influencing the provision of a given seeding rate is the interaction of seeds with the mechanism of the double ejector under various operating modes of the sowing unit. The study of the interaction of seeds with structural elements of the sowing machine, taking into account their physical and mechanical properties, will allow us to evaluate the efficiency of seed placement at various speeds of the sowing unit and develop automatic control systems for the mechanism of the twin ejector. The purpose of the study is to determine the statistical characteristics of the distribution of seeds depending on the position of the twin ejector and the rotational speed of the sowing disc and to determine the optimal values of these parameters. The design and operating parameters of the sowing machine were determined using the methodology of planning a multifactorial experiment. A second-order planning matrix based on two-factor Box-Wilson plans was used. Lisbon soybeans were used for research. The speed of the meter disk was varied from 15 rpm (low level) to 55 rpm (high level). The position of the seed ejector was set so that the suction hole was blocked halfway (lower level) to a fully open hole (upper level). The coefficient of variation of the time intervals between the ejection of seeds from the sowing apparatus and the crushing of seeds were chosen as optimization criteria. The regression equations that adequately describe the seeding process under study were obtained from the results of the experiments. Installed. that the control factors should be within the following limits: the rotational speed of the seeding disc should be from 15 to 35 rpm, and the position of the excess seed remover should provide overlapping of the holes by 10 - 35%, while the coefficient of variation will be less than 33%, and the crushing of seeds less than 1 %. The data obtained can be used to develop a control algorithm for the automatic regulator of the position of the twin ejector, depending on the speed of the sowing unit.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF FAO IN INCREASING FOOD SECURITY AMONG FOOD CROP FARMERS IN JERE LGA BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

This study assessed the role of FAO in increasing food security among food crop farmers in Jere LGA of Borno State, Nigeria. Multi stage random sampling was used in drawing 100 respondents for this study. Information was collected using structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyzed data for this study; descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, mean and percentages and food security index were used, inferential statistics in the form of logit regression was also used. Male dominated food crop production with (66%). Majority (34%) of the food crop farmers in Jere LGA were between the age bracket of (41- 50) years. Overwhelming majority of (81%) were married, and majority of (60%) had household members between (5-8) persons. The level of education was very poor as majority of (42%) had no formal education. The contribution of FAO in increasing the food security among crop farmers in Jere LGA were (assisting in diversifying livelihood 96%, farmer field school 89%), distribution of seeds, 87%). The food security status of the food crop farmers was (65%) were food secure. The logistic regression model was used to examine the socioeconomic characteristics on food security. The results revealed that 9 out of 10 variables included in the model were significant at (5% or 1%). The significant variable at 5% were age, household size, education, farm size, farming experience, access to credit, access to extension service, while marital status, income and access to credit were significant at 1%. The value of R2 that the model explains that 54.7% variation in the data. Government should support FAO in order to ensure that food crop farmers have access to improved farm input such as seed, fertilizers, and others, gets to food crop farmers easily. Large household sizes and farm size were found affect food security level in the study area. Therefore, policy measures were directed towards the provision of better family planning, increased awareness and access to family planning facilities should give adequate attention and priority by government. In view of this, strategies for an effective community participation in design of concept and messages aimed at imparting knowledge about family planning to households are recommended.

Design of porous structure based on the Voronoi diagram and stress line for better stress shielding relief and permeability

In the process of artificial metal bone implantation, the mismatch of elastic modulus and bad permeability behavior lead to obvious stress shielding and poor bone tissue ingrowth. For these problems, this paper proposed a new design method of the variable porosity porous structure based on the stress line and Voronoi diagram. In the design process, the principal stress line was determined by mechanical finite element analysis, which controlled the seeds distribution of the 3D Voronoi diagram, making local porosity conforms to the stress distribution. In addition, the designed samples were fabricated through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technology with TC4 powders. The mechanical characteristics were evaluated by static mechanical simulation with ABAQUS and compression tests, and the permeability characteristics were analyzed by fluid simulation with COMSOL and in vitro and vivo test. The research results showed that the designed structure obtained the relatively low elastic modulus and higher mechanical strength, the designed structure has closer permeability characteristics to the reconstructed natural bone, and was conducive to cell proliferation. So the porous structure based on the stress line and Voronoi diagram might have good application potential in the bionic design of bone implants.

Design and Experiment on a Distributed Seed Delivery System with a Pneumatic Central-Cylinder Seeder

A distributed seed delivery system is the most important component of a pneumatic central-cylinder seeder. We performed a fluent simulation analysis for seed-drop tubes at different parameters and airflow velocities, and with an increase in air velocity, the larger the angle is, the easier it is to produce a vortex, which considerably changes the angle, with the little bend tube improving the uniformity of seeding performance. The distribution of rice seeds in the seeding furrow using seed-drop tubes of different angles was also analyzed, and with an increase in delivery airflow velocity, the rice-sowing belts aggregated toward the seeding furrow central line, and with an increase in the forward speed, the seed distribution in the forward-speed direction presented an aggregation and then dispersion trend. The field experiment and physiological indices show that the yield of germination acceleration by seed pelleting can reach 7.92 t. ha−1, which was significantly higher than the yields with other treatments.

Peningkatan Kualitas Desa Menciptakan Lingkungan yang Sehat, Tanggap, Asri, dan Bijak dalam Menjaga Lingkungan di Desa Muara Kumpeh Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

The purpose of this activity is to create a healthy, responsive, beautiful and wise environment in protecting the environment in Muara Kumpeh Village, Muaro Jambi Regency. The methods used include: 1) making observations; 2) submission of proposals; 3) collection of seeds; 4) distribution of seeds; and 5) planting on village land. The results of the dedication obtained were the handling of excess waste in Muara Kumpeh Village by recycling waste such as used bottles which were used as flower pots and also other waste. Reforestation of Muara Kumpeh Village by planting 1,500 productive and non-productive tree seedlings, namely 300 durian seeds, 300 avocado seeds, 300 sengkol seeds, 300 neem seeds, 150 teak seeds, 150 mahogany seeds. and also distributed it with the farmer groups of Muara Kumpeh Village to the community.

Implementasi Program Pendampingan Desa dalam Bidang Pertanian

This study reviews the implementation of the Village Assistance Program in Agriculture in Rimba Besar Village, Semidang Alas Maras District, Seluma Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Research conducted by describing a situation or event in the field based on events that have occurred. This study aims to find out what are the village assistance programs in agriculture in Rimba Besar Village, Semidang Alas Maras District, Seluma Regency. This problem can be seen from the general picture that the implementation is still not optimal, in terms of the distribution of rice seeds for food crops, usually the distribution of seeds is carried out every 1 year 2 times in 2020 the distribution of rice seeds but what happens in 2021 the distribution of rice seeds is no longer running, and also using rice milling facilities, which are free of charge for rice milling, only for machine maintenance, but the reality is that the community is still charged for the rice milling. The data in this study were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the village mentoring program has been going well, based on the indicators of the implementation of the village assistance program according to M.S Grindlel 1) the resources involved, 2) the benefits obtained 3) the changes achieved.
 Keywords: Program Implemation, Village Assistance, In Agriculture

The Market Share Growth of the Paddy Seed in Bhoodan Pochampally Market of Yadadri Bhuvangiri District in Telangana

Before Independence in 1925 Royal Commission on Agriculture was involved in the production and distribution of seeds and quality, improved seeds were imported from Australia, the UK, USA, Germany, etc., until 1939. Later on, the National Seed Corporation (NSC) was established in 1963, and the Indian Seed Act was enacted in 1966, which resulted in the production of quality and improved seeds with proper seed certification and standards. Rice is the chief crop grown in India with a total cultivation area of 44 Mha and total production of 117.47 MT. A study was organized to examine the market share of paddy seed in the Bhoodan Pochampally market and Yadadri Bhuvangiri district in Telangana. The study is based on primary data, which was collected from distributors and farmers through a pre-tested interview schedule, and secondary data, which was collected from the district department of agriculture, the district planning and statistical office, and various websites. Among those 4 mandals, 5 villages from each Mandal that means 20 villages were selected randomly for data collection. Form every village, 10 farmers were selected randomly. Out of the total 200 farmers, marginal farmers (up to 1 Ha) were12%, small (1 to 2 Ha) were 37%, semi-medium (2-4 Ha) was 29%, medium (4-10 Ha) were 16% and large farmers (above 10 Ha) were 6%. It was found that among the three types of paddy, open-pollinated paddy has the highest market share in the market area, i.e., 12,95,000 kg (79 percent), followed by research paddy, i.e., 1,95,650 kg (12 percent), and hybrid paddy, i.e., 1,55,750 kg (9 percent) in the market area.

PRODUKSI TRICHOKOMPOS DARI KOTORAN SAPI

The majority of the people of Bangket Parak Village still rely on the agricultural and animal husbandry sectors as a source of economic resilience. The current constraint in the agricultural sector is the availability of fertilizers, while in the livestock sector is the management of livestock waste. To overcome these two problems, the management of livestock waste as trichocompost fertilizer can be an alternative solution. The purpose of this activity is to provide education and skills to the community in making trichocompost fertilizer with livestock manure waste. The activity method consists of surveys, socialization activities, and demonstrations as well as assistance in making trichocompost fertilizer. In this socialization activity there are three stages including preparation, implementation, and reporting. This socialization activity began with a video screening. The activity continued with the presentation of socialization material. After that, demonstrations and assistance were carried out on how to make trichocompost fertilizer from utilizing livestock manure with the help of Trichoderma sp. The activity ended with the delivery of fertilizers to continue the fermentation process and the distribution of plant seeds to the participants. All participants who attended were very enthusiastic about following and listening to the entire series of events. It is hoped that through this activity, the community will gain new understanding and useful skills in overcoming the problems that are currently occurring.

Effect of diamond seeds size on the adhesion of CVD diamond coatings on WC-Co instrument

In this study, we investigated the effect of the size of diamond seeds on the adhesion of multilayered polycrystalline diamond (PCD) films, grown by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). For that, identical WC-Co substrates were separately seeded by a set of diamond powders with various average particle sizes from water-based suspensions using similar seeding procedures. This investigation included powders with a difference in particle sizes of nearly 3 orders of magnitude: from 5 nm up to 2-4 μm. Seeded substrates were used to grow 8-10 μm thick multilayered PCD films using MPCVD with time-limited cycling injections of N2 gas. The Raman spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed the similarity of microstructure and phase composition of all grown films, which confirmed that all films were grown in similar conditions. The performed scratch tests revealed sufficient differences in the adhesion of the films seeded with different diamond particles. The PCD film grown on 250-500 nm particles delaminated even before any mechanical investigations. The substrates seeded with 50 nm particles allowed the formation of the stable PCD film, but it started flaking under a load as small as 15 N. The 2-4 μm powder allowed the formation of PCD film with decent adhesion, which had local flaking under scratch test, which can be explained by the inhomogeneity of seeds distribution. Detonation nanodiamond (DND) powders allowed the formation of continuous diamond films with decent adhesion, however, powders with positive zeta potential were superior due to a much lower agglomeration of separate particles.

Convolutional Neural Network Model for Variety Classification and Seed Quality Assessment of Winter Rapeseed

The main objective of this study is to develop an automatic classification model for winter rapeseed varieties, to assess seed maturity and damage based on seed colour using a convolutional neural network (CNN). A CNN with a fixed architecture was built, consisting of an alternating arrangement of five classes Conv2D, MaxPooling2D and Dropout, for which a computational algorithm was developed in the Python 3.9 programming language, creating six models depending on the type of input data. Seeds of three winter rapeseed varieties were used for the research. Each imaged sample was 20.000 g. For each variety, 125 weight groups of 20 samples were prepared, with the weight of damaged or immature seeds increasing by 0.161 g. Each of the 20 samples in each weight group was marked by a different seed distribution. The accuracy of the models' validation ranged from 80.20 to 85.60%, with an average of 82.50%. Higher accuracy was obtained when classifying mature seed varieties (average of 84.24%) than when classifying the degree of maturity (average of 80.76%). It can be stated that classifying such fine seeds as rapeseed seeds is a complex process, creating major problems and constraints, as there is a distinct distribution of seeds belonging to the same weight groups, which causes the CNN model to treat them as different.