Distribution Of Genus Research Articles

Abstracts

Abstracts

Richness and distribution of unicellular eukaryotes in three streams under anthropic influence, Ivinhema City, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

Eucariontes unicelulares são abundantes na maioria dos ambientes aquáticos, contribuindo de várias maneiras nos ecossistemas, tais como produtores, consumidores primários e secundários, exercendo um importante papel no declínio e controle de comunidades bacterianas e ciclagem de nutrientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a riqueza e distribuição de eucariontes unicelulares no córrego Ponta Porã e seus principais afluentes, buscando possíveis relações com a qualidade de suas águas nos locais amostrados. Foram selecionados seis locais de coleta, considerando: nascentes (L1 e L2), jusante (L5 e L6) e a principal fonte poluidora (L3). Foram utilizadas análises de similaridade e correspondência canônica para avaliar as relações entre riqueza e distribuição dos organismos para as variáveis abióticas (oxigênio dissolvido, pH, temperatura, turbidez e condutividade). A riqueza foi relacionada com o aumento de sedimento orgânico e inorgânico, oriundos da decomposição e erosão. Foi verificada uma variação na distribuição dos gêneros, com predominância discreta de organismos ciliados, sendo alguns gêneros indicadores de ambientes eutrofizados. As presenças de Vorticella, Saprodinium, Paramecium, Metopus e Chilodonella sugerem um ambiente que varia de polissapróbio a oligossapróbio. Gêneros como Urostyla, que tem sido usado como indicador de qualidade da água, o flagelado Cercomonas, que possui uma ampla dispersão em ambientes aquáticos, Didinium, um ciliado predador amplamente disperso, Synura, uma crisófita sensível a pH básico e altas temperaturas, e Amoeba, mais frequentemente encontrados em águas limpas ou em processo de depuração, podem ser pressupostos de recuperação ambiental, visto que são gêneros também registrados nos locais menos impactados.

Research on the Ontology Knowledge Base Yunnan of Seed Plants Endemic Genera

Yunnan province has rich natural resources with high species diversities because of its unique ecological environments, while the abundance of genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan ranked the top one in China. But there are several shortcomings influence the research and the protection on genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan. Firstly, the storage of relevant knowledge and data of genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan is dispersion; secondly, the structure of the data system is poor; thirdly, the format and standard database is not unified. In order to improve the above shortcomings, this paper will built an ontology knowledge database for Yunnan genera of seed plants endemic based on ontology, geography ontology and ontology integration technologies. This new ontology knowledge database will apply new technologies and theoretical basis for the further macroscopic research on Yunnan genera of seed plants endemic. And it will apply scientific decision and research methods for optimization adjustment on distribution of genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan.

A aplicação da programação inteira na solução logística do transporte de carga: o solver e suas limitações na busca pela solução ótima

Este trabalho procura solucionar um problema característico de logística da Marinha do Brasil atinente à alocação, transporte e distribuição de gêneros frigorificados para as Organizações Militares da área do Grande Rio (RJ). Depois de uma breve revisão de literatura acerca da Programação Linear/Inteira e de algumas de suas aplicações, foi proposta a utilização da Programação Inteira, com o uso do suplemento Solver do Excel como ferramenta para obtenção da configuração ótima de carga da frota, ao menor custo de distribuição, visando ao atendimento da demanda programada. As premissas foram atendidas primeiramente em uma tentativa com uma planilha única, porém não foi possível encontrar uma solução convergente, sem problemas de degeneração e com tempo razoável de solução. Uma segunda solução foi proposta separando o problema em três fases, o que permitiu evidenciar as potencialidades e limitações da ferramenta Solver. Este trabalho mostrou a importância da formulação de um modelo realista e de uma análise crítica detalhada, o que pode ser constatado por meio da falta de convergência da primeira solução e com o sucesso alcançado pela segunda solução.

Faune corallienne des récifs toarciens du Moyen Atlas marocain, première approche

Abstract Des récifs ont été décrits dans le Toarcien supérieur du Moyen Atlas Marocain [Elmi et al., 2002]. Ils sont localisés dans le synclinal de Awragh-Afennourir (Moyen Atlas occidental) immédiatement au sud du Moyen Atlas tabulaire. Ce sont des biohermes placés au sommet de blocs basculés. Leur épaisseur varie de 1 à 12 m. Ils reposent sur une formation datée de la zone à Levisoni, sous zone à Gemma et sont couverts par des sédiments appartenant à la partie supérieure de la zone à Meneghini. Leur paléolatitude était de 18°N. Un ensemble de 18 échantillons de coraux collectés par S. Elmi sont ici analysés. Ils constituent un témoignage exceptionnel de faune corallienne récifale pour cet étage. Les taxons appartenant aux genres Cladophyllia, Diplocoenia ?, Montlivaltia (deux espèces), Thecosmilia (deux espèces), Isastrea ?, Latomeandra, Periseris, Microphyllia (trois espèces), et Proleptophyllia (deux espèces), ont été identifiés. La faune inclut 12 formes coloniales et 7 solitaires. Parmi les spécimens coloniaux, les formes méandroïdes avec un haut niveau d’intégration colonial sont bien représentées et fournissent un argument fort pour la présence de zooxanthelles symbiotiques. L’examen des textures micritiques et des croûtes microbialitiques, associé avec le développement important des microarchitectures pennulaires suggèrent un récif sous le niveau d’action des vagues de beau temps et des eaux plutôt mésotrophiques. Les coraux, leur forme et leur diversité, permettent de diagnostiquer des récifs de zone photique, à une profondeur et une latitude optimale. Les extensions stratigraphiques de plusieurs genres sont agrandies : nouvelle première occurrence pour Cladophyllia, Latomeandra et Periseris (peut être aussi Diplocoenia) et nouvelle dernière occurrence pour Proleptophyllia classiquement considéré comme Pliensbachien. La seule monographie disponible à caractère général sur les coraux du Lias du Maroc [Beauvais, 1986] identifie 15 taxons génériques pour le Toarcien. Tous proviennent du Haut Atlas et seulement 3 taxons sont communs avec les résultats présentés ici. La vue générale est celle d’une faune qui ressemble davantage à celle des communautés récifales du Dogger qu’à celle du Pliensbachien.

Diversity and distribution of the urban tree population in ten major Nordic cities

In order to have a healthy and sustainable urban tree population, a high diversity of species and genera is needed. This study examined (1) the diversity and distribution of genera and species of urban trees in the Nordic region; (2) the diversity in different sites of the city, distinguishing between street and park environments; and (3) the presence of native versus non-native tree species in urban environments in the Nordic region. The analysis of tree diversity was based on urban tree databases comprising a total of 190682 trees in 10 Nordic cities – Aarhus and Copenhagen in Denmark; Espoo, Helsinki, Tampere and Turku in Finland; Gothenburg, Malmo and Stockholm in Sweden; and Oslo in Norway. The tree databases for Copenhagen, Espoo, Helsinki, Stockholm and Tampere only record street trees, while the remaining databases also include park trees. Tilia was the most dominant genus in Arhus, Copenhagen, Espoo, Gothenburg, Helsinki, Oslo and Stockholm, while Sorbus was the most dominant in Malmo and Betula in Tampere and Turku. Tilia×europaea was the most common species, comprising 16.0% of the total number of tree species. There was a higher proportion of species in parks than in street environments. The number of non-native species was higher than the number of native species in both street and park environments. However, the number of individuals belonging to native species was higher than the number of non-native individuals in all cities and environments except park environments in Arhus. The concluding recommendation from this study regarding greater diversity of genera and species is to exploit local experiences of rare species from local urban tree databases. After appropriate evaluation, urban tree planners can evaluate these rare species in larger numbers for e.g. street environments, where the need is greatest.

Comparison of ubiquitous antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae populations isolated from wastewaters, surface waters and drinking waters

This study aimed at assessing the role of ubiquitous (non-Escherichia coli) Enterobacteriaceae in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through the urban water cycle. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (111 isolates), urban water streams (33 isolates) and drinking water (123 isolates) were compared in terms of: (i) genera distribution, (ii) resistance to 12 antibiotics, and (iii) class 1 and class 2 integrons. The predominant bacterial genera were the same in the different types of water, although with a distinct pattern of species. The most prevalent resistance phenotypes were observed for amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin and sulphamethoxazole (24-59% in the three types of water). No resistance against ceftazidime or meropenem was observed. Resistance to cephalothin, amoxicillin and sulphamethoxazole was significantly more prevalent in drinking water, water streams and wastewater, respectively, than in the other types of water. It was possible to recognize antibiotic-resistance associations, namely for the pairs streptomycin-tetracycline (positive) and ticarcillin-cephalotin (negative). Class 1 and/or class 2 integrons with similar gene cassettes were detected in the three types of water. This study demonstrated that Enterobacteriaceae are important vehicles of antibiotic resistance, namely in drinking water.

The predatory mite family Ologamasidae Ryke, 1962 and its position within the higher groups of Parasitiformes (Acarina) with new species from South America

The Ologamasidae Ryke belong to the super-family Rhodacaroidea Krantz & Ainscough. This group further includes four families: Rhodacaridae Oudemans, Sessiluncidae Lee, Gamasiphidae Lee and Laelaptonyssidae Womersley. The Ologamasidae are divided into 4 groups of genera based on synapomorphies: 1. Ologamasus -group, 2. Gamasellus -group, 3. Cyrtolaelaps -group, 4. Cymiphis -group. Here, we analyse the distribution of genera of these four groups and relate it to events in geological history. The origin of the majority of these genera is linked to the separation and splitting of the Gondwanian super-continent at the end of the Jurassic, 135 million years ago. Further, we determine the position of the Rhodacaroidea within the Parasitiformes Reuter, 1909. Previous comprehensive investigations by Hennig applying phylogenetic methods are supplemented by comparing the chaetotaxy of legs and characteristics developed by phoretic behavioural patterns. The results show that the Ixodides are related to the Uropodina, particularly very closely to the Uropodoidea. Hence, the Ixodides must be integrated into the subgroups of Parasitiformes. The Parasitiformes comprise three distinguished main groups: 1. Gamasina Leach, 2. Margotrichina Karg & Schorlemmer and 3. Antennophorina Berlese s. Karg & Schorlemmer, 2008. Classifications are explained by means of cladograms and synapomorphies. Lastly, we describe and illustrate four new species from South America (Venezuela and Ecuador). These new species belong to the Ologamasus genera-group, genus Neogamasellevans Loots & Ryke and genus Geogamasus Lee and to the Gamasellus genera-group, genus Desectophis Karg. Differential diagnoses of new and related species are completed by keys for 32 species of Geogamasus Lee, Desectophis Karg and Acuphis Karg. Acuphis eulateris Karg, 1998 is transferred to the genus Desectophis Karg. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Mycobiota and mycotoxins contamination in raw materials and finished feed intended for fattening pigs production in eastern Argentina

The aim of the present study was to determine the mycobiota and natural levels of mycotoxins such as zearalenone, fumonisin B(1), aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A present in raw materials and finished fattening pig feed. Samples were examined for total fungi and genera distribution. Zearalenone, FB(1), AFB(1) and OTA contamination were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Milled maize and finished feed samples showed fungal contamination over than 1 × 10(4)CFU/g. All samples contained at least one of the main mycotoxigenic genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. A. flavus and F. verticillioides were the most prevalent species. Only some Aspergillus section Nigri strains from suckling pig to growing pig samples were able to produce OTA. A. flavus strains from milled maize, wheat bran, suckling pig to growing pig samples were able to produce AFB(1). All samples were positive for FB(1). Sucking pig, piglet, growing and boar feed samples showed ZEA natural contamination. AFB(1) and OTA contamination were not detected. There was a 100% correlation between FB(1) and ZEA contamination in sucking pig, piglet, growing and boar feed samples; 50% piglet samples and 67% suckling pig samples showed ZEA levels over the recommended limits. The present study has shown the occurrence of two mycotoxins, FB(1) and ZEA in feed intended for fattening pig consumption. In animal production, the simultaneous presence of toxicogenic fungi and low dietary levels of mycotoxins in field conditions can cause possible health impacts and lost performance in pigs from feeding spoiled feeds.

Tribe Teruliini: new genera and new species of Neotropical leafhoppers with a revised key to genera and species, new records and notes on distribution and taxonomy (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae)

Two new genera, Freytagolidia, type-species Freytagolidia ligula sp. nov. and Neodocalidia, type-species Neodocalidia connectiva sp. nov., from Colombia are described and illustrated. Nineteen additional new species are described and illustrated in the following genera: Baluba sharkeyi sp. nov. (Colombia), Bolidiana robusta sp. nov. (Colombia), B. trisetacea sp. nov. (French Guiana), B. elongata sp. nov. (Colombia), Harasupia lyrata sp. nov. (Mexico), Hastalidia acinaca sp. nov. (Peru), Jalorpa constricta sp. nov. (Colombia), Licontinia minutasetacea sp. nov. (Colombia), L. recurvata sp. nov. (Panama), Panolidia torquersi sp. nov. (Colombia), P. minuta sp. nov. (Colombia), Sapingia calcaris sp. nov. (Colombia), Stalolidia flangella sp. nov. (Colombia), S. semiovata sp. nov. (Colombia), S. setacea sp. nov. (Colombia), S. ecuadorensis sp. nov. (Ecuador), S. lyrica sp. nov. (Bolivia), S. clava sp. nov. (Brazil) and S. bulbata sp. nov. (Peru). Taxonomy and distribution of genera, revised key to species and details on new records are provided. A revised key to all known genera is also included. Colombia is a new record for Baluba, Jalorpa, Panolidia, Sapingia and Stalolidia; Panama for Licontinia; Peru for Hastalidia and Ecuador for Stalolidia. The type-species name, Coelidia marginata Stål, for Harasupia Nielson, 1979 was incorrectly cited as Harasupia marginata (Stål) and is corrected herein.

The influence of the cage system and colonisation of Salmonella Enteritidis on the microbial gut flora of laying hens studied by T-RFLP and 454 pyrosequencing

BackgroundIn the EU conventional cages for laying hens are forbidden beginning in January 2012, however concerns about a higher transmission rate of Salmonella in alternative cages systems have been raised. The extent to which cage systems may affect the intestinal microbiota of laying hens is not known, and different microbiota may demonstrate different resistance towards colonization with Salmonella. To investigate this, ileal and caecal samples from two experimental studies where laying hens were inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis and housed in different systems (conventional cage, furnished cage or aviary), were compared using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP). The distribution of genera in the microbiota in caecum was furthermore described by next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA libraries.ResultsHens in the same cage type developed similar T-RFLP fingerprints of the ileal and caecal microbiota, and these could be separated from layers in the other cages types. No significant difference in the fingerprint profiles could be observed between Salmonella positive and negative samples from same cage. By deep sequencing of 16S rDNA libraries from caecum, 197 different Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) were identified, and 195 and 196 OTU respectively, were found in hens in aviary and furnished cages, but only 178 OTU of these were recovered from conventional cages. The ratio between the dominating phyla or families and genera in the microbiota remained fairly constant throughout the study. Faecalibacterium and Butyricimonas were the most prevalent genera found in the caecal microbiota of layers irrespective of the cage type.ConclusionsHens confined in the same cage group tend to develop similar microbiota in their ileum and caecum possibly due to isolation, while differences in the microbiota between cages may be caused by environmental or individual bird factors. Although the cages type had influence on composition of the microbiota in the layers by promoting higher diversity in furnished and aviary systems, we did not observe differences in colonization and excretion pattern of Salmonella from these groups. We suggest, that differences in group size and exposure to a more faecally contaminated environment in the alternative systems may explain the observed differences in diversity of the caecal microbiota.

Historical and phylogenetic constraints on the incidence of entire leaf margins: insights from a new South American model

Aim The relationship between the proportion of species with an entire leaf margin (pE) and mean annual temperature (MAT) is one of the most powerful tools for estimating palaeotemperatures. However, phylogenetic and phytogeographic constraints on this relationship have remained unexplored. Here we investigate the pE–MAT relationship for modern floristic assemblages from southern South American forests, assess its conformity to other models and test for the existence of historical constraints on pE–MAT models. Location South America. Methods We used samples from 30 sites located in Chile between 32° and 44° S to test for a pE–MAT relationship and compared it with four regional models. We assessed the reliability of these models for predicting MAT from instrumental records in eight modern temperate-forest localities in Chile. Additionally, palaeotemperatures for Cenozoic fossil floras were estimated. To assess historical constraints in pE, we measured the phylogenetic signal in leaf margin type and the association between leaf margin and phytogeographic affiliation, defined by the distribution of genera. Results We found a significant pE–MAT relationship for Chilean forest species that differed from Australia and Northern Hemisphere models, but not from tropical South America (TSA). Temperatures for southern South American localities predicted from the new regional model – combining Chilean and TSA datasets – were more accurate than those from previous models. We also showed that leaf margin type has a strong phylogenetic signal, which was further confirmed by the highly significant effect of phytogeographic element on leaf margin type. Main conclusions Differences between the Chilean and other regional models are explained by historical legacy, as Chilean leaf margin types are strongly affected by phylogenetic closeness and phytogeographic elements. We highlight that leaf margin analyses should be conducted within the context of a flora with a shared history. Thus, we propose a new model for South America to estimate palaeotemperatures for regional fossil floras.

Fungi and natural incidence of selected mycotoxins in barley rootlets

The storage of barley rootlets is increasingly employed to provide raw material for pig feeding in Brazil. Barley rootlets represent an important feedstuff for animal production due to their high levels of protein and fiber, and low price. However, poor management of raw materials during storage can result in fungal growth, the loss of nutritive substances and contamination by mycotoxins. The aims of this work were (1) to identify fungi associated with barley rootlets used as pig feedstuff raw material, and (2) to identify and quantify selected mycotoxins naturally produced by isolated mycotoxin-producing species in this substrate over a year. Samples were examined for fungal counts and genera distribution. Fumonisin B 1 and aflatoxin B 1 contamination were determined using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Barley rootlet samples were of low hygienic quality. Although a broad survey was undertaken, low fungal diversity was found. Fusarium verticillioides was the most prevalent species followed by Aspergillus flavus. Despite Aspergillus clavatus being widely associated with high-moisture sprouted grains including brewers’ grains, and causing toxicity to livestock, it was not detected in this work. Although pre-harvest contamination of the barley crop, as in the maize, could occur, the barley might support F. verticillioides/ Fusarium proliferatum growth when grain is remoistened during the germination and malting process and it might even continue during storage on pig farms. All samples were positive for fumonisin B 1 whereas aflatoxin B 1 contamination was not detected. It is important to point out the potential risk of fumonisin contamination in barley rootlets used as animal feed. Fusarium toxins are important not so much for their acute effects as for the chronic syndromes reported worldwide. The obtained results reveal the need for periodic monitoring of raw materials to avoid problems in animal production and hazards to animal and human health.

ROTIFERS AND HUBBELL'S UNIFIED NEUTRAL THEORY OF BIODIVERSITY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY

. This paper reviews several neutral models as possible mechanisms for simulating and explaining so-called “hollow curve distributions.” The models include simple random assignment, MacArthur's broken stick, Preston's lognor-mal (but as simulated by Sugihara), Fisher's logseries, and Hubbell's unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeog-raphy. Each model is fitted to data describing the distribution of genera over families in the phylum Rotifera.

Do secondary forests act as refuges for old growth forest animals? Recovery of ant diversity in the Atlantic forest of Brazil

The extent to which secondary forests occupying degraded and abandoned lands provide suitable habitat for forest-adapted species is an important conservation issue in times of vanishing old growth forests. We used ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a functionally important and diverse group of invertebrates, to investigate the recovery of soil taxa during secondary forest succession in the Atlantic Forest of Southern Brazil. We compared the resilience of epigeic vs. hypogeic ant assemblages. For this purpose we established 27 sites that encompassed a chronosequence from pastures to old growth forests on two contrasting soil types. Our results are based on a collection of 35508 individuals in 40 genera.Richness and composition of ant assemblages in secondary forests have recovered slowly and have not approached conditions typical of old growth forests. The distribution of genera along the successional stages was arranged in a nested pattern where ant genera of younger successional stages were a subset of genera present in older stages. Edaphic conditions had no influence on the recovery process. Overall, richness of ants was lower at study sites with water-logged soils than at sites where soils did not exhibit hydromorphic properties. The hypogeic ant assemblage recovered more slowly than the epigeic assemblage.Our results show that secondary forests do not act as refuges for many forest-adapted animals which are currently restricted to discontinuous patches of old growth forest in the highly endangered Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Moreover, estimated recovery times of 50 to several hundred years suggest it would take much longer than previously presumed for complete recolonization.

Revision of the family Omalisidae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea)

AbstractThe taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic beetle family Omalisidae is presented. The morphology of the family is described in detail and the relationships of genera are discussed. The genus Thilmanus Gemminger, 1869 is classified in Omalisidae and the subfamily Thilmaninae Kazantsev, 2005 described in Lycidae for Thilmanus is considered redundant in Omalisidae. The subgenus Phaeopterus Costa, 1857 is elevated to the genus level. Omalisus (Phaeopterus) minutus Pic, 1938 is proposed to be a junior subjective synonym of Phaeopterus unicolor Costa, 1857. Thilmanus longicollis var. laticeps Pic, 1913 from Southern France is elevated to the full species status, Thilmanus longicollis Pic, 1912 from Sardinia is proposed to be a junior subjective synonym of T. obscurus Baudi, 1872. Omalisus (Phaeopterus) nigricornis Reitter, 1881 is excluded from Omalisidae and placed in Euanoma Reitter, 1889 in Drilidae. Omalisus (Phaeopterus) flavangulus Späth, 1898 is proposed to be a junior subjective synonym of E. nigricornis Reitter, 1881. In total, eight species classified in three genera are recognized in Omalisidae. Redescriptions of all Omalisidae genera are provided. Each species of the family is presented with a diagnosis, full description, illustrations of male genitalia and a comprehensive bibliography. Extensive data on distribution of all species is provided and the distributions of genera and the species groups are discussed. A key to all Omalisidae species and genera is included and fully illustrated.

Blattaria of Colombia: List and distribution of genera

Blattaria of Colombia: List and distribution of genera

Distribution patterns of Terebellidae (Annelida: Polychaeta): an application of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE)

The biogeography of Terebellidae (Polychaeta) using Parsimony Analysis of Endemism (PAE) is investigated and species and genera distribution in relation to coastal and continental shelf areas of endemism around the world is considered. Hierarchical patterns in PAE cladograms are identified by testing for congruence with patterns derived from cladistic biogeography and geological evidence. The PAE cladogram indicates that many of the extant terebellid worms from the current Southern Hemisphere (“Gondwanan clades”) have originated from Laurasian ancestors or, in the case of the clade formed by Brazilian, South Atlantic and Antarctic taxa, have descended directly from an ancestral lineage common to some Northern areas. The present analysis also shows a high level of endemism at the species level. Relationships of the areas differ slightly from previous biogeographical analyses applied to other polychaete families.

Blattaria of Colombia: List and distribution of genera

Few scientists have dedicated themselves to the study of Colombia’s cockroach diversity. As a result, there are large gaps in the taxonomic knowledge of Colombian cockroach fauna that make species identification difficult and little information is available on their geographic distribution. Therefore, a taxonomic study of the suborder Blattaria was undertaken by examining the literature and studying specimens available in the country’s main entomological collections. A list of genera with their respective distribution in the various biogeographic regions was obtained. Two thousand, one hundred and forty six adult specimens, distributed in 4 families, 15 subfamilies, and 47 genera were examined and identified. The material examined comes from localities belonging to 31 of the Colombian territory’s 32 departments. Distribution data were obtained for 50 genera in seven biogeographic provinces, mainly in the North Andean and Chocó-Magdalena provinces. Seven genera are presented as new records for Colombia: Buboblatta, Cahita, Cariblatta, Euthlastoblatta, Litopeltis, Macrophyllodromia and Nahublattella. The total number of cockroach genera in Colombia is raised to 61.

Oral Distribution of Genera, Species and Biotypes of Yeasts in Patients with Marginal Periodontitis

Oral Distribution of Genera, Species and Biotypes of Yeasts in Patients with Marginal Periodontitis