Distribution Of Deposits Research Articles

Spatial and temporal reconstruction of postcollisional potassic rocks: Implications for mantle flow beneath the SE Tibetan Plateau

Postcollisional potassic magmatism occurs throughout the Alpine-Himalayan belt, providing a crucial record of crust-mantle interaction and associated ore-forming processes in a collisional orogen. Unravelling its spatial and temporal record is often complicated by intense tectonic deformation, including strike-slip faulting. New Hf-Nd isotope mapping of two Cenozoic potassic rock assemblages along the Ailaoshan−Red River shear zone from the SE Tibetan Plateau, together with Sr-Nd-Hf isotope evidence, establishes that these two segments of potassic magmatism were originally juxtaposed prior to strike-slip faulting. By reconstructing the spatiotemporal distribution of the potassic rocks, we identified a zone of mantle upwelling and lateral flow in response to India-Asia collision. This activity matches the distribution of porphyry Cu-Au and carbonatite-associated rare earth element deposits in the area, demonstrating the significant contribution of mantle materials to the metallogenic processes in collisional settings.

Synergistic Application of Geoelectrical Methods for Mapping Placers along the Coastal Periphery of Southern Odisha, India

ABSTRACT This study examines the distribution and amount of placer deposits enriched with heavy minerals along the coastal region of Odisha, India utilizing a combination of geoelectrical techniques. Abundant heavy mineral placers have been identified along the southern coast of Odisha. However, while geological investigations have been conducted, there is a notable absence of geophysical analyses in this specific area. To ascertain both the horizontal and vertical extensions of heavy mineral placer deposits, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken, involving the execution of 23 ERT (Electrical Resistivity Tomography) and TDIP (Time-Domain Induced Polarization) profiles within the designated study zone. These profiles unveiled substantial heavy-mineral zones spanning from shallow layers to depths of approximately 10-15 m. Two primary patterns of mineralization were discerned: firstly, dispersed occurrences which manifested closer to the surface, characterized by irregular black patches of minerals; secondly, concentrated mineralization found at moderate to significant depths, hinting at concealed or buried deposits. Considering the presence of conductive minerals (ilmenite, magnetite) within the beach placers of the study locale, the application of ERT and IP methods proved to be viable. Additionally, the mineralization trends exhibited variance as one traversed from the southwest to the northeast within the study area. Notably, the resistivity of the heavy minerals ranged from 0.1 to 1.1 Ωm, coupled with chargeabilities surpassing 20 mV/V. Significantly, the arrangement of alternating heavy mineralization layers within the sand formations implied the potential presence of stratal anisotropy. Consequently, a specialized code was developed and implemented to perform 2D anisotropic inversion of the ERT data. The application of this anisotropic inversion rectified the depth estimations for concealed pockets of heavy mineralization. While conventional isotropic inversion suggested a concealed mineralization pocket at depths of 15-32 m, the anisotropic inversion revealed that the same mineral-bearing strata existed at depths of 16–28 m.

Mid-Pleistocene aridity and landscape shifts promoted Palearctic hominin dispersals

Population expansions and contractions out of and into Africa since the early Pleistocene have influenced the course of human evolution. While local- and regional-scale investigations have provided insights into the drivers of Eurasian hominin dispersals, a continental-scale and integrated study of hominin-environmental interactions across Palearctic Eurasia has been lacking. Here, we report high-resolution (up to ∼5-10 kyr sample interval) carbon isotope time series of loess deposits in Central Asia and northwest China, a region dominated by westerly winds, providing unique paleoecological and paleoclimatic records for over ~3.6 Ma. These data, combined with further syntheses of Pleistocene paleontological and archaeological records and spatio-temporal distributions of Eurasian eolian deposits and river terraces, demonstrate a pronounced transformation of landscapes around the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition. Increased climate amplitude and aridity fluctuations over this period led to the widespread formation of more open habitats, river terraces, and desert-loess landscapes, pushing hominins to range more widely and find solutions to increasingly challenging environments. Mid-Pleistocene climatic and ecological transitions, and the formation of modern desert and loess landscapes and river networks, emerge as critical events during the dispersal of early hominins in Palearctic Eurasia.

Perspective View of Hydrology on the Martian Surface

The discovery of water ice within craters at the Martian North Pole has provided unprecedented insights into the planet's hydrology and climatic history. High-resolution images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) have revealed extensive ice deposits in these craters, some spanning several kilometers, offering a detailed perspective of Mars' frozen reservoirs. These ice layers, preserved under a thin dust cover, present a unique opportunity to study ancient climatic conditions and the planet's potential to support life. This paper examines the morphology and distribution of these polar ice deposits, their implications for understanding Martian hydrology, and their significance for future exploration missions. The stability and purity of the ice suggest it has been preserved for millions of years, potentially holding valuable records of past climate variations. Furthermore, the presence of accessible water ice is crucial for human exploration, providing essential resources for sustained missions. The study of these ice-filled craters not only enhances our knowledge of Mars' geologic and climatic history but also paves the way for future endeavors aimed at exploring and possibly colonizing the Red Planet.

Distribution of transitional flow deposits in sedimentary environments of mixed sand-mud turbidite system

Predicting facies distribution in turbidite systems is essential for resource exploration and identifying geohazards from an economic standpoint. Models that describe facies distribution depend heavily on understanding the mechanisms of particle transport and deposition. These processes are closely tied to the volume, concentration, and composition of sediment gravity flows, which display a range of behaviours between turbulent and laminar flow extremes. Recently, there has been a rise in studies on transitional flow deposits, although they remain much less understood than fully turbulent or laminar flows.For the first time, the distribution of Structured sandstone–mudstone associated with transitional flow deposits has been quantitatively presented for various sedimentary environments within the turbidite system. The distribution of Structured sandstone–mudstone was analysed for six areas of the Ropianka Fm (Skole Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians) across twelve sedimentary environments, including channels, channel-levees, channel-mouths, and sub-environments of the depositional lobe. An increased amount of Structured sandstone–mudstone was observed in proximal settings away from the transport axis and in the distal parts of the turbidite system. It was found that flow transformation can occur in both proximal and distal zones of the turbidite system. Structured sandstone–mudstone in proximal zones is more often deposited from diluted mud-laden flows of small volume, where fine-grained cohesive material likely underwent vertical segregation. In contrast, Structured sandstone–mudstone formed basinward tend to be initially formed by larger flows. In proximal part of depositional lobe setting, the flow transformation due to longitudinal or longitudinal and vertical segregation of fine-grained cohesive material occurs slowly. At this point the velocity of sediment gravity flow is too high and the concentration of cohesive particles is too low for common development of cohesive bonds. Flow transformation accelerates in lobe fringe and lobe distal fringe/interlobe, due to flow deceleration, changes in sand-to-mud ratio, and the time required for development of cohesive bonds and the transition to a transitional flow regime, leading to increased deposition of Structured sandstone–mudstone distally.

Allocyclic and autocyclic controls on facies distribution in interdistributary bayfill deposits of the Campanian Neslen Formation, Eastern Book Cliffs, Utah, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT The Campanian Neslen Formation, in the eastern part of the Book Cliffs, is divided into three stratigraphic intervals. The middle Neslen interval consists of paralic bayfill deposits that average 23 m in thickness. This article describes the lateral and vertical variability within the bayfills deposited in this middle Neslen interval. Comprehensive mapping along 27 km of outcrops, including high-resolution description of 62 sedimentary logs and incorporation of wireline log data from 86 wells, has led to a detailed understanding of the processes related to infilling of interdistributary bays. Six vertically stacked heterolithic to sand-prone bayfill units are identified. A distinction is made between bayfill units and bayfill successions, based on their bounding autocyclic or allocyclic flooding surfaces. Units are bounded by high-frequency flooding surfaces, and show large lateral variations in thickness, facies associations, and lithology. These bayfill units are laterally subdivided into a varying number of bayfill successions, separated by interdistributary channel systems or associated bayhead-delta facies associations. Lateral variation in facies architecture, salinity, and depositional energy levels are mapped in each bayfill succession. This variation is attributed to several controlling factors, including proximity to sediment entry points, water depth, the sequence stratigraphic position of the bayfill succession, and the compaction of underlying sandbodies. The detailed facies patterns and multitude of tributary causes described and discussed here are applicable to an overall understanding of facies architecture in paralic environments.

Insight into the 2021 Semeru volcano eruption from rapid monitoring of its pyroclastic deposits using Google Earth Engine and multi-sensor data

The objective of this study is to map the pyroclastic deposits resulting from the Semeru eruption in 2021 and to analyse the process of pyroclastic deposit formation, including the tephra and lithification phases, using multi-sensor data. The distribution of pyroclastic deposits was mapped using machine learning algorithms, Sentinel 2 and Sentinel 1 imagery on Google Earth Engine. Data acquisition in the Semeru volcano area was conducted both prior to and following the 2021 eruption. Additionally, field investigations were conducted to analyse the distribution of pyroclastic deposits, including the characteristics of individual layers, the lithification process of pyroclastic layers, and their relationship with the characteristics of the eruption. The results demonstrate that pyroclastic deposits in the proximal facies are composed of lithic, lapilli tuff, lava and tuff. The mapping results also indicate the presence of volcanic ash deposits in the central facies or summit area of Semeru, exhibiting distinctive characteristics associated with volcanic ash. The 2021 eruption has also resulted in rapid changes to river morphometry, as evidenced by notable shifts in a significant decrease in pixel values for NDVI (−0.0781-0.0625), a significant increase in pixel frequency of EVI (1800–6000), and MNDWI (1700–3000), respectively. The change of pyroclastic fall into consolidated tephra occurred from December 2021 to May 2023, where in May 2023 volcanic ash had changed into tuff and lapilli had changed into lapilli tuff. Furthermore, data from Sentinel-1 indicated that pyroclastic flows could be identified using both vertical and horizontal polarization. It can therefore be concluded that the 2021 eruption of Semeru exhibited distinctive characteristics of pyroclastic deposits, where some of the characteristics of the pyroclastic distribution can be monitored rapidly with Google Earth Engine. Therefore, the use of Google Earth Engine with integration of radar and optical data can be recommended to mapping pyroclastic deposits rapidly.

Effect of primary copper metabolism disturbance on elemental, protein, and lipid composition of the organs in Jackson toxic milk mouse.

Toxic milk (txJ) is an autosomal recessive mutation in the Atp7b gene in the C3H/HeJ strain, observed at The Jackson Laboratory in Maine, USA. TxJ mice exhibit symptoms similar to those of human Wilson's disease (WD). The study aimed to verify organ involvement in a mouse model of WD. TxJ mice and control animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 14months of age. Total X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TXRF) was used to determine the elemental concentration in organs. Tissue chemical composition was measured by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, hybrid mapping of FTIR and microXRF was performed. Elevated concentrations of Cu were observed in the liver, striatum, eye, heart, and duodenum of txJ mice across age groups. In the striatum of the oldest txJ mice, there was lower lipid content and a higher fraction of saturated fats. The secondary structure of striatum proteins was disturbed in txJ mice. In the livers of txJ mice, higher concentrations of saturated fats and disturbances in the secondary structure of proteins were observed. The concentration of neurofilaments was significantly higher in txJ serum. The distribution of Cu deposits in brains was uniform with no prevalence in any anatomic structure in either group, but significant protein structure changes were observed exclusively in the striatum of txJ. In this txJ animal model of WD, pathologic copper accumulation occurs in the duodenum, heart, and eye tissues. Increased copper concentration in the liver and brain results in increased saturated fat content and disturbances in secondary protein structure, leading to hepatic injury and neurodegeneration.

Investigation on localized corrosion behavior of pipeline steel under AC interference in alkaline earth metal environment using wire beam electrode

The localized corrosion behavior of X65 steel under AC interference in alkaline earth metal environment was investigated using the detachable wire beam electrode (WBE). The AC/DC current distribution, electrochemical properties, and elemental distribution were traced through the WBE to characterize the localized corrosion behavior and mechanism. The results show that hydrogen evolution under high cathodic protection (CP) conditions leads to an uneven distribution of calcareous deposits, and areas not covered by calcareous deposits have higher JAC and Cl− concentrations. The synergistic effect of Fe3O4 dissolution reprecipitation process, hydrogen evolution and Cl− leads to severe localized corrosion.

Mineral Composition and Distribution of Silt and Oxides in Shatt Al-Arab Deposits, Basra, Iraq

Understanding the mineral composition and distribution of river deposits is crucial for environmental management, resource utilization, and geological studies. This study aims to investigate the mineral composition and distribution of silt and oxides in the deposits of the Shatt al-Arab River, specifically in the Faw area of Basra Governorate. Samples were collected from depths of 0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm. The silt fraction (2-53 micrometers) was isolated, and mineral analysis was conducted using XRD and a point-counting device. Morphological characteristics were determined using a polarized light microscope. XRD analysis revealed the presence of minerals such as quartz, calcite, dolomite, smectite, kaolinite, chlorite, illite, hematite, magnetite, and albite at varying depths. Polarized light microscopy identified additional minerals within light and heavy fractions. The study found a dominance of monocrystalline quartz and opaque minerals, with magnetite being more prevalent than hematite across all depths and a high correlation coefficient with depth (0.96). Depth-specific variations in mineral composition suggest the need for further research in different locations and at greater depths. These findings provide insights into sedimentary processes and potential resource utilization in the region, making this study significant for regional geological and environmental research. Future research should focus on the temporal changes in mineral composition and their impact on sediment dynamics to enhance the understanding of regional geological history and resource management.

Field evidence and indicators of rockfall fragmentation and implications for mobility

Rockfall fragmentation can play an important role in hazard studies and the design of protective measures. However, the current lack of modeling tools that incorporate rock fragmentation mechanics is a limitation to enhancing studies and design. This research investigates the fragmentation patterns of rockfalls and analyzes the resulting distribution of fragment sizes within corresponding rockfall deposits. We focus on small rock fragments, which provide insights into the dynamics of the rockfall event and can be used as input for numerical modeling. We analyzed multiple rockfall events from locations worldwide, each exhibiting different degrees of fragmentation. Using image analysis techniques, we mapped all visible blocks, determined their volumes, and measured the distances they travelled from the initial point of impact. A key finding is the identification of three indicators of fragmentation. First, in cases where fragmentation was largely absent, we observed a trend of increasing block size with distance from the impact point or source area, which aligns with previously published findings. However, for energetic rockfall events characterized by intense fragmentation, we observed that small fragments exhibited longer travel distances compared to larger fragments. This distinction allowed us to differentiate blocks primarily resulting from the disaggregation process from those primarily resulting from dynamic fragmentation, with implications for rockfall mobility. Second, although the size distribution of rockfall deposits exhibits a power-law scaling for volumes larger than a minimum size threshold corresponding to a rollover of the distribution, in some case studies a deviation from power-law scaling is observed, indicating a process of larger block comminution due to fragmentation. Third, we found that rockfalls with fragmentation experience reduced mobility, indicated by higher reach angles, and higher lateral dispersion showing a wider distribution of trajectories. We interpret these findings as being directly related to the energy-consuming nature of fragmentation, which prevents farther deposition of fragmented rock blocks.

Germanium distribution in Mississippi Valley-Type systems from sulfide deposition to oxidative weathering: A perspective from Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China

Abstract Germanium (Ge) is a critical raw material for emerging high-tech and green industries, resulting in considerable recent interest in understanding its distribution and geochemical behavior in ore deposits. In this contribution, the distribution of Ge and related trace elements in the Fule Pb-Zn(-Ge) deposit, South China, is investigated to reveal the distribution of Ge in the hydrothermal ores and during sulfide weathering, using multiple microanalytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). In the Fule MVT deposit, sphalerite (ZnS) is the most significant Ge-carrier relative to other sulfides, though the five recognized textural types of sphalerite display progressive depletion in Ge from the first sphalerite generation to the late one. In the early stage, sphalerite with fine-grained chalcopyrite inclusions has the highest Ge concentrations, probably accounting for a significant proportion of the total Ge. We interpret that high Ge concentrations in the early sphalerite may be attributable to high Cu activity in the mineralizing fluids. During oxidative weathering, Ge was redistributed from its original host, sphalerite, to the weathering product willemite (Zn2SiO4) rather than smithsonite (ZnCO3), with high levels of Ge (up to 448 μg/g) present in the willemite. The formation of abundant willemite largely prevents the dispersion of Ge during weathering. In principle, willemite-hosted Ge should be fully recoverable, and the Zn-silicate ores may, therefore, be a potential target to meet future demand. This study provides new information on how Ge behaves from sulfide- to weathering-stage in MVT systems, which directly impacts Ge mobility and deportment changes and the development of metal-lurgical strategies for Ge recovery.

A refined model for the mechanisms of Precambrian phosphorite formation

Despite the economic and scientific importance of Precambrian phosphorites, our understanding of the mechanism leading to their formation remains limited, including for the largest phosphogenic episode in the late Neoproterozoic. To improve our understanding of Precambrian phosphorite formation, we combined sedimentology, petrography, and elemental, and Fe-C isotopic analyses to study the two main phosphorite beds (the lower and upper phosphorite beds) in the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation, Zhangcunping area, South China. The phosphorites consist mainly of granular textures characterized by densely packed grains, some of which are coated with secondary phosphate growth. However, there are notable differences in the mineralogy, microfossil assemblages, and elemental contents of the two beds. The lower phosphorites have no Ce anomaly, and relatively low Y/Ho ratios and positive δ56Fe values (0.04–0.30 ‰, average of 0.19 ‰). In contrast, the upper phosphorites have negative Ce anomalies and higher Y/Ho ratios and near-zero δ56Fe values (−0.29–0.19 ‰ (average of −0.01 ‰). These observations suggest that the lower phosphorites formed in anoxic-suboxic environments, whereas the upper phosphorites formed in relatively oxygenated environments. The δ13Ccarb values of the phosphorites range from −3.97 ‰ to 1.71 ‰ (average of −1.56 ‰), and are lighter than values in dolostones (−0.52 ‰ to 4.39 ‰, average of 2.02 ‰). This suggesting that formation of the Doushantuo phosphorites was influenced by degradation of organic matter in an ocean with high primary productivity. The lower phosphorites, which were also regulated by Fe redox pumping, have positive δ56Fe values, along with the presence of pyrite framboids and iron oxides, suggesting deposition near the Fe-redox boundary where extensive Fe cycling. The upper phosphorites show positive correlations between Mn and Fe, and Mn/Fe and P2O5, suggesting formation near the Mn boundary with extensive Mn cycling, primarily mediated by Mn redox pumping. Sedimentological observation indicate that primary phosphates were concentrated into granular phosphorites by winnowing processes following primary precipitation. Accordingly, we propose a refined model for Precambrian phosphorite formation in which degradation of organic matter, Fe and Mn pumping, and physical reworking of deposits co-evolve and interact within a dynamic Precambrian redox environment. Our model provides a reasonable explanation for the distribution of global phosphorite deposits throughout geological history.

A global database of tsunami deposits

AbstractGeomorphic environments play a crucial role in influencing the preservation and characteristics of tsunami deposits. This paper introduces a global database of tsunami deposits, encompassing information on deposit locations, thematic data such as geomorphic environments and proxies and bibliographic details. Additionally, the database features maps incorporating environmental parameters and the precise locations of tsunami deposits. The primary utility of this database lies in assessing progress and identifying gaps in knowledge. It also involves analysing the relationship between environmental parameters and interpreting areas with varying probabilities of tsunami deposit preservation. The files are readily compatible with GIS software and can seamlessly integrate into spatial databases associated with tsunamis or other hazards. This contributes significantly to disaster risk management, enhancing preparedness and response efforts by providing a comprehensive historical dataset on tsunamis. Future applications of the database include the incorporation of modern deposits, boulders and new data from paleotsunami and historical studies. By enhancing data with thematic information, such as dating techniques and creating timelines, the database facilitates a more comprehensive understanding. The correlation between geomorphic environments and proxies aids in selecting sampling sites and identifying suitable proxies for analysis. Encouraging an open‐access approach, this database invites all interested researchers to include and modify additional information. The information compiled for this database serves multiple purposes: (1) assessing the global distribution of tsunami deposits; (2) identifying knowledge gaps in tsunami deposits; (3) guiding the selection of study areas for further research and finally; (4) enabling a meta‐analysis of the information gathered.

Machine learning quantification of Amyloid-β deposits in the temporal lobe of 131 brain bank cases

Accurate and scalable quantification of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology is crucial for deeper disease phenotyping and furthering research in Alzheimer Disease (AD). This multidisciplinary study addresses the current limitations on neuropathology by leveraging a machine learning (ML) pipeline to perform a granular quantification of Aβ deposits and assess their distribution in the temporal lobe. Utilizing 131 whole-slide-images from consecutive autopsied cases at the University of California Davis Alzheimer Disease Research Center, our objectives were threefold: (1) Validate an automatic workflow for Aβ deposit quantification in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM); (2) define the distributions of different Aβ deposit types in GM and WM, and (3) investigate correlates of Aβ deposits with dementia status and the presence of mixed pathology. Our methodology highlights the robustness and efficacy of the ML pipeline, demonstrating proficiency akin to experts’ evaluations. We provide comprehensive insights into the quantification and distribution of Aβ deposits in the temporal GM and WM revealing a progressive increase in tandem with the severity of established diagnostic criteria (NIA-AA). We also present correlations of Aβ load with clinical diagnosis as well as presence/absence of mixed pathology. This study introduces a reproducible workflow, showcasing the practical use of ML approaches in the field of neuropathology, and use of the output data for correlative analyses. Acknowledging limitations, such as potential biases in the ML model and current ML classifications, we propose avenues for future research to refine and expand the methodology. We hope to contribute to the broader landscape of neuropathology advancements, ML applications, and precision medicine, paving the way for deep phenotyping of AD brain cases and establishing a foundation for further advancements in neuropathological research.

Computer-assisted regional-residual gravity anomaly separation with regularized first- and second-order derivatives

The regional-residual separation of gravity anomalies in crustal and mineral exploration was a graphical-based procedure before the advent of fast digital computers and the need for more efficient algorithms to process large data sets. However, since requiring the supervision of an experienced interpreter, the results, once obtained with graphical procedures, are often accepted as second to none in producing anomalies with geologic significance. Numerical methods based on spectral filtering and robust polynomial fitting have worked in many scenarios but seem not fully effective in replicating in algorithms the kind of results once obtained with interpreter-assisted graphical methods. We develop a computer-assisted regional residual separation (CARRS) procedure implemented by a set of short MATLAB scripts; in many aspects, CARRS simulates the operations of former graphical methods but requires few decisions and minor handwork from the interpreter. CARRS applies robust polynomial fitting to points with a low horizontal gradient and a vertical second-order derivative; thus, selecting fitting points as a real interpreter would do with graphical approaches in outlining the regional field. A regularized procedure is used to calculate the stable first- and second-order derivatives. Companion MATLAB codes allow for the replication of our results and further exploration with different threshold levels to identify flat domain regions. CARRS is illustrated with airborne gravity data CPRM-1123, freely available to download. A data window of the residual field is used to analyze the distribution of cassiterite deposits in greisen zones of the Paleoproterozoic Velho Guilherme granites in the Amazon Craton, as their distribution appears in the observed gravity anomaly and its corresponding residual field.

Laser-induced three-dimensional deposition of calcium phosphate on porous Ti6Al4V

This study developed a 3D deposition technology to form calcium phosphate compounds on the top, interior, and bottom surfaces of a porous Ti6Al4V. The deposition was achieved by laser irradiation of a porous Ti6Al4V in a solution containing Ca and P. The effects of the laser power and specimen thickness on the distribution of deposits were investigated. Under laser irradiation, many petal-like deposits formed directly on the top, interior, and bottom surfaces of the porous Ti6Al4V. Increasing the laser power increased the uniformity of the deposits. The deposits fully covered the porous Ti6Al4V when the laser power was 70 %.

Development and mechanism of high carbon number paraffin wax blocking remover

There are serious wax deposition problems in Yueman block of Tarim Oilfield. It was found that the sediments in Yueman block were mainly composed of high-carbon paraffin, and the carbon number of paraffin was mainly concentrated in C25–C70, of which n-alkanes accounted for 77.14%. A set of evaluation methods (wire mesh filtration method) were created for the deblocking evaluation of high-carbon paraffin deposits. An effective blocking remover formula E4 (150# petroleum ether: 40# dearomatic hydrocarbon solvent (D40): 180# solvent oil (S180) = 3: 1: 1) for high carbon paraffin deposits was developed. Under the condition of a wax ratio of 1: 15 and reaction at 30 °C for 4h, the plugging removal rate (dissolution and dispersion rate of deposit in solvent) can reach 86 %. And it has good universality for other high carbon paraffin sediments, and the deblocking rate can reach more than 80 %. Through the particle size distribution test, it was found that the effect of reaction conditions on the particle size distribution of the deposit was as follows: solvent dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time. With the enhancement of these conditions, the particle size distribution of organic deposits gradually decreases and the degree of aggregation decreases. From the microscopic analysis, it can be seen that the blocking remover E4 effectively dissolves and strongly disperses the deposit, prevents the aggregation and bonding of the deposit particles, makes the dissolved deposit unable to continue to participate in the agglomeration, and stables dispersion in the solvent.

Distribution and Characterization of Heavy Mineral Placer Deposits along the Central Tamil Nadu Coast, India

Distribution and Characterization of Heavy Mineral Placer Deposits along the Central Tamil Nadu Coast, India

Detectable and facile electrodeposited nanoscale homogenous distribution of AgCl deposits in Ag thin films

Detectable and facile electrodeposited nanoscale homogenous distribution of AgCl deposits in Ag thin films