Distribution Of Various Types Research Articles

Clinicopathological Study of Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India

Introduction: Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma (PGIL) is a heterogeneous disease in terms of patient characteristics, site, histologic types and treatment modalities. Although rare disease, it is the most common site for extranodal lymphomas accounting for 10-15% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 30-40% of all extranodal lymphoma. Aim: To study the different types of PGIL and its anatomic distribution along with its association with the clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital, South India over a period of five years (2009 to 2013). A total of 61 cases of PGIL were identified, which included both resected surgical and endoscopic biopsy specimens. Histopathological classification of all cases was done based on morphologic and immunophenotypic criteria according to latest World Health Organisation (WHO) 2008 classification. Anatomic distribution of various types of lymphoma and associated clinical features were studied. The cases were then followed-up and survival analysis was also done. Descriptive statistical analysis methods were used to analyse the data. Overall Survival (OS) rates were calculated using Kaplan Meier method for 33 cases. Results: There was predominance of men with peak incidence in 7th decade. Abdominal pain was the commonest presenting symptom seen in 77% of the cases. The most common site of involvement was stomach (41%) followed by large intestine (37.7%). All cases of primary GI lymphomas were of non-Hodgkin type. B cell lymphomas (n=54; 88.5%) were more frequent than T cell lymphomas (n=7; 11.5%). Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common subtype accounting for 67.2% of cases (n=41) followed by MALT lymphoma (n=9; 14.8%). Followup was possible in 33 cases out of which 20 patients (32.8%) died with a median overall survival period of 13 months (95% CI, 7.8-18.2). The five-year overall survival (OS) for 33 patients who were followed-up was 67.2%. Conclusion: Diagnosing PGILs correctly according to the recent WHO classification is important so that correct treatment protocols can be followed.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МЕТОДУ ЗВОРОТНІХ ЗВАЖЕНИХ ВІДСТАНЕЙ ДЛЯ КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦІЇ ЙОСИПІВСЬКОГО РОДОВИЩА КАОЛІНУ

Purpose. To describe the procedure for performing kaolin deposit clustering in order to determine the regularities of the distribution of quality indicators, to distinguish promising areas and to calculate the volumes of minerals of different conditions. Methodology. Implementation of systematization, analysis and statistical processing of the results of geological research of the deposit. Identification of criteria for evaluating the qualitative properties of a mineral. Performing interpolation based on the results of geological studies in order to establish the qualitative indicators of the mineral and the regularities of their distribution within the deposit. Justification of the feasibility of using the method of inverse distances weighting to achieve the set goals. Performing deposit clustering and calculating the volume of reserves of different conditions. Results. The main result of deposit clustering is the direct identification of areas within which the secondary conditions of the mineral are located. The results of clustering allow: to display the content of constituent components in the contours of the deposit; identify promising areas for development; to determine the optimal direction of expansion of the mining operations front; determine the optimal location of overburden mining; calculate the volumes of minerals within the deposit under different trademarks; average the mining mass in order to improve its quality. Scientific novelty. The systematization and review of the existing methods of geometrization of mineral deposits has been carried out. The expediency of using the interpolation method to geometrize the complex structure of the Yosypiv deposit of primary kaolin has been investigated empirically. The expediency of using such a method has been substantiated, and the relevance of the obtained results has been assessed. Practical significance. The results obtained during the research make it possible to optimize the design process of a kaolin mining enterprise by obtaining a detailed and visual distribution of the deposit into clusters in accordance with the desired qualitative indicators: mineral composition, chemical composition, physical and mechanical indicators, etc. At the same time, the obtained results make it possible to predict the patterns of distribution of various types of properties within the deposit and to estimate the overall economic effect of its development with a higher degree of accuracy.

Integrated approach to the typification and localization of deposits of the anomalous section of the Bazhenov formation of the Frolov oil and gas region

Introduction. The subject of the study of this work is the deposits of the anomalous section of the Bazhenov formation (ASB) of Western Siberia, the disturbed occurrence of which was recorded by 2D, 3D seismic exploration and borehole data at many fields of the Frolov oil and gas region. The research area unites the company’s assets in the KhMAO and the Tyumen region, which are part of the large hydrocarbon cluster “ZIMA”. 
 
 Aim. In order to typify various complexes of rocks of the Bazhenov formation and further localization of deposits, a comprehensive core analysis, GIS and seismic studies were performed. 
 
 Materials and methods. According to the results of lithological study of the core and petrophysical interpretation of logging diagrams, have been identified various types of rocks in the interval of the Bazhenov formation. According to the results of the interpretation of the seismic survey materials, contoured zones that differ in the wave pattern by different coherence of the axes of common phase. The revealed differences in seismic sections compared with borehole data and geological bodies mapped based on the obtained patterns. 
 
 Results. Based on a comprehensive interpretation of the core, GIS and seismic studies, established the zonality of the distribution of various types of deposits of the Bazhenov formation, the relationship of the development of ASB zones with the introduction of Early Cretaceous sedimentary bodies and showed the introduction of detrital material from the overlying rocks. 
 
 Conclusions. The authors of the article conclude that the development of anomalous sections of the Bazhenov formation involves several stages of the introduction of landslide bodies of overlying rocks, according to the gradation of Neocomian clinocyclites in the north-west direction. Within the study area, mapped three large landslide bodies in the Bazhenov formation interval, each of which was formed an internal zonality and because of the introduction of rocks from the overlying interval.

A Descriptive Study on the Clinical Correlates of Conversion Disorder

Aim: Conversion disorder is defined by the presence of deficits affecting the voluntary motor or sensory functions lacking any known neurological cause. The aim of the study is to describe the sociodemographic profile and clinical characteristics including the frequency distribution of various types of presentations of patients with conversion disorders in a tertiary care psychiatric facility and to assess the presence of depression and anxiety and its level of severity in those patients. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 50 consecutive patients who had met with the ICD-10 diagnosis criteria for conversion disorder and those who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were enrolled for the study. They were interviewed using a semi-structured Performa and were administered Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and the results were analysed using SPSS software and interpreted. Results: Majority of the study patients were young adolescents (48%), females (76%), rural residents (60%), mostly unmarried (46%). Dissociative motor disorders (30%) were the most common presentation followed by mixed dissociative disorder (26%) and Dissociative convulsions (22%). HAD scale revealed that, both depression and anxiety scores were significantly high in major number of patients. Conclusion: The most common presenting symptom was that of dissociative motor type followed by dissociative convulsions with considerably high rates of depression (48%) and anxiety (54%). This made us to conclude that conversion as a phenomenon emerges to uphold its significance as a non-verbal communication process of the subconscious Mind. Keywords: Conversion, Dissociation, Hysteria, Dissociative Motor Disorder, Dissociative Convulsions, Laterality, Depression, Anxiety.

Sulfur types distribution and the fast thermal-cracking behaviors of sulfur-containing compounds in Buton oil sand bitumen

The distribution of various types of sulfur in Buton oil sand bitumen (OSB) were investigated at the level of group-fractions corresponding to saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltens (SARA). The separation of different types of sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs) in saturates and aromatics with weak polarity was performed using selective oxidization coupled with alumina column chromatography. However, various types of SCCs were isolated from resins via selective oxidization combined with solvent fractional extraction. It was found that sulfide sulfur, thiophenic sulfur and sulfoxide/sulfone sulfur accounted for 39.31%, 53.93% and 6.74% in total sulfur of OSB, respectively. Sulfidic sulfur and thiophenic sulfur in OSB had the highest enrichment in aromatics, followed by that in asphaltenes and resins. In order to further link the theoretical study with the actual process of thermal cracking process, the fast thermal cracking of OSB to produce oil sand oil under different temperature and over silica sand, calcium aluminate and FCC catalyst was conducted by a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor. The composition and classes of SCCs existed in oil sand oil were evaluated via GC–MS, which were indispensable to gain an in-depth insight into thermal cracking behavior of SCCs in OSB. Results indicated that SCCs in oil sand oil obtained under different temperature and over different heat carriers had the distinct composition, and yet were all classified into up to 11 classes. The detected SCCs in oil sand oil obtained over silica sand at different temperatures all contained AT&AM, thiophenes, BTs, HydroDBTs, DBTs, HydroNTs, and NTs. The composition and classes of SCCs in oil sand oil, nonetheless, were inclined to be enriched as the temperature enhanced. Furthermore, the detected SCCs in oil sand oil obtained over calcium aluminate featured the most abundant class distribution, followed by that over silica sand and FCC catalyst. The relative content of AT&AM, thiophenes and BTs, the relative content of NTs and four species of Hydrothiophenes, and the relative content of DBTs, PTs and BNTs accounting for SCCs in oil sand oil was largest when the heat carriers were silica sand, calcium aluminate and FCC catalyst, respectively.

Multiplex Immunofluorescence for Detection of Spatial Distributions of Infiltrating T Cells Within Different Regions of Hepatic Lobules During Liver Transplantation Rejection.

It remains unclear as to whether there are differences that exist in the types and functional status of immune cells within different areas of the liver lobules after rejection of liver transplantation. The composition of infiltrating T cells in liver allografts during liver transplantation rejection is indistinct and difficult to visualize within the same biopsy slide. In an attempt to rectify this problem, we applied multiplex immunofluorescent assays to assess the spatial distribution of various types of infiltrating T cells in different areas of the liver lobules after liver transplantation. In identical areas of the hepatic lobules, the percentage of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the rejection group was greater than that observed in the non-rejection and normal groups. Within all three groups, the percentage of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and Treg cells from the periportal to perivenous zones initially increased and then decreased. In the rejection group, the percentage of CD8+ T cells gradually increased from the periportal to perivenous zones, with maximal levels in the perivenous as compared with that in the transitional and periportal zones. In conclusion, levels of CD8+ T cells within different regions of liver lobules are closely related to levels of rejection after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation rejection may be linked with increases in CD8+ T cells within the perivenous zone. Although the regional percent of increase in CD4+ T cells may not reflect level of the rejection, the overall numbers of both of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within different regions were closely related to rejection levels.

Распределение различных видов учебной информации в школьном курсе физики

The modern physics course appeared as a result of a long-term evolution of the physics teaching methods. The model of the school course is textbooks; they reflect the fundamental laws of cognition of the surrounding world and methodological ideas, therefore the problem of studying the distribution of various types of training material in the physics course is relevant. The article uses previously obtained estimates of the differential complexity of various topics of the school physics course. This takes into account: 1) the differential complexity of the text, depending on the information amount in the volume unit, on which the difficulty of understanding it by the student depends; 2) the integral complexity (general informativeness), which characterizes the total amount of information in the text; the amount of time and effort required to study training material depends on it; 3) the share of educational information related to mechanics, molecular physics and thermodynamics, electrodynamics, optics and quantum physics. It also took into account the fact that physical and mathematical complexity are independent characteristics of the physics textbooks. The carried out content analysis of standard school textbooks made it possible to determine the integral complexity of each topic and build a graph with an accumulation that shows the dynamics of changes in the contribution of each physics section to the total information amount over time. In particular, it follows from the graph that: 1) the speed of transmission of educational information in the 10-11th grades is 5 times higher than in the 7-9th grades; 2) the amount of information on physics reported to a student by the end of the 11th grade is 4,4 times more than the amount of information reported in the 7th, 8th and 9th grades.

Spatio-temporal distribution of various types of dust events in the Middle East during the period 1996-2015

طوفان‌های گردوغبار، اثرات زیانباری بر سلامت، اقتصاد جامعه و تغییر اقلیم در یک منطقه دارند. لذا یافتن راه‌حل‌هایی برای کنترل این پدیده بسیار با اهمیت است. در این مقاله داده‌های مشاهداتی هواشناسی برای یک دوره 20 ساله از سال 1996 تا 2015 در منطقه خاورمیانه جمع‌آوری و رخدادهای گردوغبار با توجه به دید افقی و کد سینوپتیک گزارش‌های هواشناسی دسته-بندی شدند. سپس فراوانی انواع مختلف پدیده‌های گردوغبار را که شامل غباروزه، تعلیق، طوفان غبار و طوفان شدید غبار است ارزیابی شده است. همچنین، غلظت میانگین ذرات گردوغبار با استفاده از دیدافقی در ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی خاورمیانه نیز برآورد شده است. به‌کاربردن ویژگی‌های میدان باد در مطالعه شرایط همدیدی پدیده‌های گردوغبار در خاورمیانه بسیار اهمیت دارد. برای این منظور در هر یک از نواحی یافت‌شده در منطقه خاورمیانه که از نظر فراوانی پدیده‌های غبار و یا غلظت غبار موجود بیشینه بودند، یک ایستگاه انتخاب و الگوی سرعت و جهت باد در این ایستگاه ها بررسی شد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از خروجی سیستم پیش پردازش داده ها (wps) درWRF نقشه‌های مربوط به بافت خاک، ارتفاع توپوگرافی و درصد پوشش‌ گیاهی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین کمربند گردوغبار خاورمیانه نیز تعیین شد. هم‌چنین 5 ناحیه براساس بیشینه تعداد پدیده‌های گردوغبار یافت شد. طوفان‌های گردوغبار در می، ژوئن و جولای فراوانی بیشتری دارند. در تحلیل مشخصات توپوگرافی منطقه‌ی مورد مطالعه با توجه به تفاوت در بافت خاک، ارتفاع و پوشش گیاهی ناهمگنی فضایی در شار گردوغبار و انتشار ذرات غبار مشاهده شده است.

Von Willebrand factor multimeric assay: novel diagnostics capabilities

Introduction. Distinguishing between Von Willebrand disease (vWD) types often requires multimer gel analysis. The current techniques for vWF multimer structure are manual, complicated, non-standardized and time consuming. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic capabilities of new automated vWF multimer screening assay.Materials and methods. Children with vWD, acquired von Willebrand Syndrome (aVWS) and 8 healthy donors as a control group were enrolled in this study. Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag); ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:Rco); vWF collagen binding (VWF:CB); ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA); factor VIII clotting activity (FVIII:C) and vWF factor VIII binding activity (vWF:FVIIIb) were performed to evaluate vWD. Multimer analysis was carried out using the commercial HYDRAGEL 5 von Willebrand Multimers kit on semi-automatic gel electrophoresis instrument HYDRASYS (SEBIA).Results. The samples from control group had 9—12 bands of vWF multimers with the same distribution as control plasma. Patients with type I vWD had the proportional decrease in the intensity of the bands with preservation of the normal distribution of the band. Patients with type III vWD reveal the complete absence of the multimer bands on the gel. Multimer analysis in type IIA shows the absence of high molecular weight multimer bands. In other patients the distribution of vWF multimers was normal against the changes in functional properties of vWF (types IIM, N). Most of the children with aVWS also revealed normal distribution of vWF multimers, however, in some patients, the slight decrease in large multimeric forms was observed visually on the gel.Conclusion. Multimer analysis allows to visualize the multimer distribution in various types of von Willebrand disease. The method is easy to perform and can be useful for distinguishing between the subtypes of vWD. But only the full test panel including genetic tests would allow the differentiantion of vWD types with high precision.

Trends in Peripheral Nerve Epidemiology and Reconstruction: A State Database Study of Direct Repairs, Grafts, and Conduits.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are most commonly treated with direct nerve repair procedures or nerve autografts. However, recent advancements in synthetic and vein conduits have led to their increased utilization. The present study quantifies the incidence of these procedures over time and geography and identifies differences in complication rates, illustrating the current epidemiologic climate regarding conduit use for PNI repair. A query was conducted using the State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Databases data from 2006 to 2011 in both Florida and California for patients undergoing nerve repair, nerve grafting, synthetic conduits, and vein conduits. Patient zip code data were analyzed to determine the geographic distribution of various types of repair. In addition, text-mining algorithms were used to identify trends in PNI-related publications. In the 6-year period investigated, direct nerve repair was the most frequently used procedure for PNIs. However, the utilization of direct repairs declined significantly from 2006 to 2011. Synthetic and vein conduits demonstrated a significant increase over the same period. There were significantly higher rates of complications for autologous grafts (3.3%), vein conduits (3.5%), and synthetic conduits (2.4%), as compared with direct nerve repairs (1.4%). There was a nonsignificant difference in infection rates between these types of nerve repair. From an epidemiologic perspective, both graft and synthetic conduit-based PNI repairs are increasing in prevalence both in clinical practice and in the academic literature. This will likely continue in the future with the development of advancements in biologic and synthetic nerve conduit PNI repair options.

Geological information database integration into a geographic information modeling system

The article is devoted to the geological information database integration in the Vladikavkaz city into a specially developed system of geoinformation modeling. With the high technologies’ development, various geographic information systems designed for collecting, storing, analyzing, and graphically visualizing spatial data and the related information about the objects represented in GIS have become widespread. A map of the engineering-geological zoning of the Vladikavkaz city territory has been created at the Geophysical Institute, covering the issues of the geological structure, hydrogeological conditions, lithology, morphology, tectonics and the distribution of various types of soils in the territory under consideration. There are areas on the territory characterized by different depths of pebbles or thicknesses of clay and loam on pebbles, which is the main parameter that determines the seismicity category according to Building Codes and Regulations-II-7-81*. Based on the physical and mechanical properties‘ analysis, the reliable differentiation of soil groups with various determining indicators characterizing the soils‘ category by their seismic properties has been carried out. This information is collected in a database of geological information generated in the form of a shape file with spatial reference of each well. The developed database is used as a basis in the geographic information modeling task. Based on epyopen source software, the integration of the geological information database in the Vladikavkaz city into the geographic information modeling system has been performed.

Prevalence and Pregnancy Outcome of Mullerian Anomalies in Infertile Women: A Retrospective Study.

Background:Uterine anomalies arise if there is agenesis of one or two mullerian ducts, or absence of fusion or reabsorption of the septum between these ducts. The process may be partial or total and affect one or multiple parts of the tract.Aims:This study was done to assess the distribution of various types of mullerian anomalies in infertile women, their classification based on ESHRE and AFS, associated anomalies, types of diagnostic modalities used, surgical interventions done(if any), various types of infertility treatment used and their outcomes.Setting and Design:A retrospective analysis in a tertiary level hospital.Materials and Methods:This was a retrospective study in which the women found to have mullerian anomalies were recruited from infertility clinic from July 2019 to March 2020. They were classified according to ESHRE and AFS criteria and their records were analyzed after taking various factors like age, ovarian reserve, duration of infertility, treatment given , associated ovarian and tubal factors and pregnancy outcomes.Statistical Analysis:Analysis was performed in Excel.Results:There were 30 women with mullerian anomalies. Unicornuate uterus was most common anomaly. Four women required septoplasty in view of septate uterus. Five women had associated renal anomalies in form of shrunken kidney and ectopic kidney. Most of these women were considered for controlled ovarian stimulation followed by intrauterine insemination. In our study 16.6% women had successful pregnancy outcome.Conclusion:Mullerian anomalies continue to attract infertility specialist as they pose challenge in making clear diagnosis and its management as obstetrics outcomes are excellent after septum resection in women with septate uterus and conservative management in women with other anomalies. Proper work up of infertility and its management varies from case to case and associated factors like endometriosis, male factor, polycystic ovarian syndrome etc.

The dynamics of export-import interaction

This work is devoted to the dynamic interpretation of the basic provisions of the quantitative theory of money. Namely, the construction of models of price changes for marketable products in the performance of export-import activities both in discrete and continuous time. A number of hypotheses are used to determine the conditions for the violation of the equilibrium states of the trade balance using the classical macroeconomic Fisher equation. An overview of scientific works is presented, which highlights the main factors for the implementation of foreign economic activity: exchange rates and devaluation. The analysis of the considered sources testifies to the presence of the problem of stability of the observed dynamic processes in the vicinity of the state of equilibrium, which have the traditional name of the Marshall-Lerner condition. A detailed study of the stability criteria of a discrete dynamic model with quadratic nonlinearity demonstrates a significant variety of trajectories of the studied process. These are, in particular, increasing or decreasing aperiodic behavior, oscillating processes of a fixed period, bifurcations of doubling the period and chaotic trajectories. The limits of distribution of various types of evolutionary changes in terms of elasticities as important indicators of export-import operations are indicated. For models of pricing dynamics in continuous time, a detailed analysis of the structural instability of equilibrium states was performed. Saddle-nodal bifurcation and no less important Andronov-Hopf bifurcation, which is associated with the formation of a boundary cycle around the equilibrium state, are distinguished. It is proved that the found cycle is unique and stable. For a discrete model of price formation, appropriate calculations are performed to demonstrate different types of evolutionary behavior. The given discrete model based on the Fisher equation can be used for qualitative forecasting (by trajectories) of the dynamics of internal pricing without the use of traditional methodology of econometric analysis of time series. This model is characterized by the fact that it is reduced to a single complex parameter and this greatly simplifies the definition of the corresponding types of dynamical regimes in the vicinity of equilibrium states.

ПРИНЦИПЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ И ПОСТРОЕНИЯ КАРТЫ «ФАУНИСТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ БАЙКАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА»

Small-scale zoological mapping represents the highest level of abstraction, when not only the most important local features of the spatial differentiation of the population are taken into account but also the general zoogeographic patterns inherent in individual species, faunistic complexes, or fauna as a whole. The development of the methodology for compiling maps and legends, the introduction of geographic information systems and computer data processing significantly expand the modern possibilities of zoological mapping. Currently, the literature and various departmental documents have accumulated a wealth of information on the species composition, distribution and number of terrestrial vertebrate species in the Baikal region, more or less complete descriptions of the animal population in individual territories are given. Integration of the disparate data by creating a map of the vertebrate population makes it possible to visualize the structure and distribution of various types of the population, as well as to reveal the generalpatterns of their formation over a vast territory. The paper describes the experience of compiling a zoological map ‘Faunistic complexes of the Baikal region’ and its legend on a scale of 1: 5 000 000. This is the first overview map created for such a vast territory, it includes 1,400 units in the main layer and contains information about 2 classes, 7 types and 13 subtypes of faunistic complexes.

ОПАСНОСТЬ РУСЛОВЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА РЕКАХ РОССИИ: КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ, КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ, РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

The article discusses the danger that channel processes – the processes creating the river channel and floodplain and those occurring in them – can pose to people. Riverbed processes are among the most dynamic ones in nature: the speed of their manifestation varies from the first decades to individual months in high water and floods, i.e. they develop in full view of people. This can significantly complicate life on the banks of rivers and the use of river resources. The article deals with dangerous manifestations of riverbed processes, their causes and consequences, but the main part of the paper is devoted to the cartographic method of assessing the danger of riverbed processes: determining the danger degree and various ways of displaying it on maps. There are given examples of showing danger on previously compiled maps. In conclusion, the article provides a brief geographical analysis of the distribution of various types and the manifestation degree of dangerous riverbed processes in a variety of natural conditions in Russia.

Spatial–temporal differences in operational performance of urban trunk roads based on TPI data: The case of Qingdao

The purpose of this study is to classify and analyze the traffic performance characteristics of urban trunk roads. It can help travelers effectively avoid peak hours and crowded routes, and traffic managers formulate some refined management and control on roads. This paper extracts the operating characteristics of the trunk roads on macro level by analyzing the Traffic Performance Index (TPI) data. The trunk roads are divided into three types using the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. According to the research of the spatial–temporal principles and differences of various types in traffic performance, the links with frequent traffic jams are identified, and the mechanism of the different traffic conditions is illustrated. It can be concluded that the trunk road is good conditions in most cases. On weekdays, there are two obvious peak times every day. On weekends, TPI data shows that there is no obvious peak time, and the overall road traffic conditions on weekends are better than those on weekdays. In addition, there are significant differences in the change trajectory of the TPI data and spatial distribution of various types of trunk roads. The roads with frequent traffic jams mainly come from the first and third type.

Histopathological spectrum of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies of neoplastic lesions: A retrospective study

Upper gastrointestinal tract disorders are one of the commonly seen entities in the clinical practice. Gastric carcinoma is the second most common cancer while oesophageal carcinoma is the sixth leading cause of the death worldwide. Histopathological study has been done to make a specific diagnosis or to follow the evolution of particular disease. To study histopathological distribution of various types of neoplastic upper GI lesions. A retrospective study was conducted on 1,800 upper gastrointestinal biopsies performed at our hospital from May 2015 to April 2018. The biopsies were formalin fixed, and embedded in paraffin wax, sections were taken, stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin and examined The present study included 1800 patients, out of which 486 (27%) cases were found to be neoplastic. The mostly commonly encountered neoplastic lesions were -well differentiated Adenocarcinoma (8.5%), followed by poorly differentiated Adenocarcinoma (6%) and adeno-squamous carcinoma. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is safe, cost effective, relatively less invasive procedure and its co-ordination with histopathological examination is the gold standard for early detection of GI tract lesions especially neoplastic lesions and thus aiding in early treatment and management.

Study of the frequency and distribution of various types of leukemia among the patient coming to Sir T. hospital Bhavnagar

Pattern of leukemia is known to vary widely throughout the world. The characterization of distribution patterns of different subtypes of leukemia needs further study. Aim of our study is to determined the frequency and distribution of various types of leukemia among the patient coming to sir t hospital and correlate with age, sex and risk factors from period of May 2018 to April 2020. Study of the frequency and distribution of various types of leukemia among the patient coming to Sir T. hospital Bhavnagar.A retrospective study was done from May 2018 to April 2020. We analyzed the pattern of leukemia at GMCB by morphological subtype, gender, age at diagnosis, distribution according to prevalence, risk factors, laboratory parameters and clinical features of leukemia.Morphological subtyping showed that 56 cases were of acute leukemia and 42 of chronic leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia constituted the single largest group comprising (57.2%) of all cases, followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (42.8%), acute lymphoid leukemia (20.4%) and chronic lymphoid leukemia (12.2%). The data published in this study reflects the leukemia pattern. Low grade fever, progressive pallor, weakness and body aches were the commonest symptoms (70% cases) while pallor was the frequently observed sign.

Interphase boundary layer-dominated strain mechanisms in Cu+ implanted Zr-Nb nanoscale multilayers

Sputter-deposited Zr/Nb nanoscale metallic multilayers with a periodicity of 27 (thin) and 96 nm (thick) were subjected to Cu+implantation with low and high fluences and then studied using various experimental techniques in combination with DFT calculations. After Cu+ implantation, the thinner multilayer exhibited a tensile strain along c-axis in Nb layers and a compressive strain in Zr layers, while the thicker multilayer showed a compressive strain in both layers. The strain is higher in the thin multilayer and increases for higher fluences. We developed a mathematical method for the fundamental understanding of the deformation mechanisms in metallic multilayers subjected to radiation damage. In the model, the cumulative strain within a layer is described as the combination of two contributions coming from the interfacial region and the inner region of the layers. The semi-analytical model predicts that the interfacial strain is dominant and extends over a certain region around the interface. Predictions are well supported by ab-initio calculations which show that in the vicinity of the interface and in the Zr side, vacancies and interstitials (low energy barriers) exhibit high mobility compared to the Nb side, thus resulting in a high recombination rate. As a consequence, less strain occurs in the Zr side of the interface compared to the Nb side. The density and distribution of various types of defects along the ion profile (low and high damaged regions) are obtained by combining DFT results and the predictions of the model.

Using satellite images to study urban heat island and environmental monitoring

The paper describes a number of simplified methods of mapping of the urban environment surface temperature in order to study the structure of the urban heat island. It is very important to take into account the climatic and environmental variables of the territories when planning modern cities and settlements. To solve such problems, methods of remote sensing data are used increasingly. The study of multispectral satellite images provides more information about the characteristics of objects on the earth’s surface, as well as data on the distribution of various types of land use. Maps of the earth’s surface temperature (LST) can be used for studying the urban microclimate and localization of temperature anomalies of the city, as well as for urban planning tasks. The article considers the operation of processing a series of satellite images of urban areas for the summer period, followed by the study of temporary changes in the temperature portrait of the city. The paper considers the use of semi-automatic methods for obtaining satellite images in the thermal field, as well as a separate study of images in the near-infrared field to search for bright point sources of heat. Radiometric and atmospheric correction was performed on satellite data using the QGIS package and the Semiautomatic Classification Plugin extension. Based on the results of the study, thermal anomalies were localized in the city, and the boundaries of the heat footprint of new neighborhoods were determined.