Video Content Distribution Research Articles

Consortium blockchain-based secure cross-operator V2V video content distribution

Consortium blockchain-based secure cross-operator V2V video content distribution

How VLOG Promotion Content Influences Consumer Attitudes

As Internet technology continues to advance and as various social media platforms proliferate, consumers have gained the ability to distribute video content across a multitude of online channels. A vlog (video blog) is an online video documentary format used by vloggers (video bloggers) to record their daily lives and share their experiences with various products. In recent years, Vloggers who publish vlogs on social media have gained increasing popularity. The use of vlogs to convey product information has received widespread attention, leading an increasing number of companies to consider them part of their marketing mix and actively incorporate them into their marketing strategies. However, it is still unclear which factors influence consumer attitudes while watching vlogs. Therefore, it has become a focus of attention in both academia and the business world to clarify how vlog promotion content influences consumer attitudes and to use vlog promotion to improve consumer attitudes, thereby increasing consumers’ purchase intentions and achieving brand promotion objectives. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the factors that influence consumer attitudes towards vlog promotion content. This article is based on the ABC attitude model theory, and data collected through an online questionnaire survey of Chinese consumers were analysed to statistically verify the relationship between consumers’ purchase intentions and factors related to vlog content. The predictor variables included trust in vlog, vlogger popularity, vlogger personal appeal, understanding of vlogger advertised products, vlog content, and frequency of interaction between vlogger and fans. Path analysis revealed that two intermediate variables related to vlogger (cognition and emotion) had a positive impact, and a model was constructed to further examine their influence on consumer behaviour (dependent variable). The research findings of this study reveal that three key factors significantly influence consumer attitudes towards vlog promotion. These factors encompass the understanding of vlogger’s advertised products, vlog’s content, and the frequency of interaction between vlogger and fans. For future vlog promotions, it is recommended to augment the vlogger’s product knowledge and approachability. To create captivating vlog content, emphasis should be placed on enhancing its entertainment value, establishing personal connections with viewers, and encouraging shareability. Moreover, the vlogger should actively engage with dedicated fans, prioritize valuable fan comments, and foster harmonious relationships. Furthermore, the findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of vlog promotion for various brands and services, providing valuable insights into the content of promotional activities for different brands and services. This highlights the strategic significance of vlog promotion and its relevance in guiding promotional strategies.

VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL METHODS OF INFLUENCE IN EDUCATIONAL VIDEO CONTENT

The article focuses on the place of video content on the Internet and the distribution of video content in social networks. Currently, as a result of the active development of social networks and the Internet, interest in educational video content is increasing. The format of short informative videos attracts students with accessibility and understandability. The authors prove that the choice of the habitual, easily recognized form of presentation of educational materials facilitates the perception of information and makes it possible to motivate schoolchildren to expand their knowledge on their own. The authors clarify concept of speech impact in relation to a new form of “learning through entertainment”. Frequent methods of speech impact in videos are indicated. The actualization of verbal and non-verbal methods of influencing the audience is emphasized. Attempts are made to identify the reasons, on the one hand, for the successful memorization of scientific information by schoolchildren after watching the teacher’s video, and on the other hand, the teacher’s reluctance to present educational material in a form that is understandable for the “child of digitalization” in the classroom at school. To reach a consensus between the teacher in a real school and the online blogger teacher, who is often the same person, it is important to be able to combine modern methods of explaining new scientific knowledge based on students’ clip thinking with the traditional system of sequential systematic mastering of basic subjects.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Exercise: Evaluation of YouTube Videos.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the reproductive female population. These young patients often and easily watch YouTube videos on the Internet to learn about their condition and find a natural solution. Our goal is to analyze the contents of PCOS exercise videos. In July 2022, research data were collected by typing the term "PCOS exercise" in the search tab on the incognito YouTube page. One hundred and ninety eight videos that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed in detail. The basic data of the videos available on YouTube was recorded. In addition, the DISCERN, global quality score (GQS), and video power index (VPI) scoring systems were calculated by two independent researchers. The profiles of the video uploaders were: health employee 28 (14.1%), nutritionist 25 (12.6%), sports trainer 48 (24.2%), patient 21 (10.6%), undefined 76 (38.4%), and their countries were: India 91 (46%), Europe and England 36 (18.2%), USA and Canada 54 (27.3%), and other countries 17 (8.6%). The distribution of video content was yoga 58 (29.3%), aerobic exercise 38 (19.2%), strengthening exercise 44 (22.2%), and unified 58 (29.3%). The mean values were: video duration (15.27±11.27), total views (3,070,957±16,474,197), likes (48,116±283,308), dislikes (930±4102), VPI (97.82±7.28), GQS (3.89±1.05), DISCERN (33.62±10.42), subscriber counts (985,614±2,222,354), and comment counts (1741±10,689). Europe-England and America-Canada videos were of better quality for DISCERN and GQS scores than those from other countries. Overcoming PCOS requires a lifestyle change, including exercise and diet. There is no consensus on which type of exercise is better yet. However, the necessity of regular exercise is known. We showed yoga and Indian hegemony in YouTube "PCOS exercise" videos.

High Throughput JPEG 2000 for Video Content Production and Delivery Over IP Networks

ITU-T Rec T.814 | IS 15444-15, known as High Throughput JPEG 2000, or simply HTJ2K, is Part-15 in the JPEG 2000 series of standards, published in 2019 by the ITU and ISO/IEC. JPEG 2000 Part-1 has long been used as a key component in the production, archival and distribution of video content, as the distribution format for Digital Cinema, and an Interoperable Master Format from which streaming video services are commonly derived. JPEG 2000 has one of the richest feature sets of any coding standard, including scalability, region-of-interest accessibility and non-iterative optimal rate control. HTJ2K addresses a long-standing limitation of the original JPEG 2000 family of standards: relatively low throughput on CPU and GPU platforms. HTJ2K introduces an alternative block coding algorithm that allows extremely high processing throughputs, while preserving all other aspects of the JPEG 2000 framework and offering truly reversible transcoding with the original block coded representation. This paper demonstrates the benefits that HTJ2K brings to video content production and delivery, including cloud-based processing workflows and low latency video content streaming over IP networks, considering CPU, GPU and FPGA-based platforms. For non-iterative optimal rate control, HTJ2K encoders with the highest throughputs and lowest hardware encoding footprints need a strategy for constraining the number of so-called HT-Sets that are generated ahead of the classic Post-Compression Rate-Distortion optimization (PCRD-opt) process. This paper describes such a strategy, known as CPLEX, that involves a second (virtual) rate-control process. The novel combination of this virtual (CPLEX) and actual (PCRD-opt) processes has many benefits, especially for hardware encoders, where memory size and memory bandwidth are key indicators of complexity.

Blind Camcording-Resistant Video Watermarking in the DTCWT and SVD Domain

Video watermarking techniques can be used to prevent unauthorized users from illegally distributing videos across (social) media networks. However, current watermarking solutions are unable to embed a perceptually invisible watermark which is robust to the distortions introduced by camcording. These watermark-disrupting distortions include lossy compression, the addition of noise, frame-rate conversion and geometric distortions. In this paper, we present a novel video watermarking technique that is blind and robust to camcording attacks. The proposed approach uses the integration of the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) to achieve robustness against geometric attacks. The experimental results validate our technique’s superior imperceptibility and robustness to several attacks when compared to existing peer mechanisms. In conclusion, the proposed technique can be used to protect against illegal distribution of video content.

Design of Personalized VR Short Video Content Distribution Algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network

In order to improve the video quality, reduce the number of video jams, and improve the video transcoding rate, a new personalized distribution algorithm of VR short video content based on artificial neural network is proposed. BP neural network is used to compress the original video and determine the execution mode and cache location of VR short video cache file; Transcoding cached high bit rate VR short video stream to generate low bit rate video stream to meet the needs of different network bandwidth; Build a video distribution model, and build a multicast distribution tree based on this model, that is, add some relay servers to minimize the video distribution cost; Finally, through the algorithm of minimizing the distribution cost of VR short video, the bandwidth loss and response delay are effectively reduced to achieve the goal of minimizing the distribution cost. The experimental results show that the video blocking times of this method are always less than six times, which effectively reduces the video blocking times. The PSNR value is high, the increase is large, up to 0.5, and the video transcoding rate is improved, up to 92%.

Fog computing based mechanism on traditional sports video content distribution

Aiming at the problem of traditional sports video content distribution and acceleration in mobile fog computing (MFC), considering the influence of limited storage space of MFC server on traditional sports video content cache, taking the delay of mobile users' access to sports video objects as the optimization objective, and according to the difference of users' interest in different video objects, an interest‐based traditional sports video content distribution acceleration strategy is proposed. According to the storage space of the MFC server, the interest of the mobile users in different sports video objects and the file size of the objects, the strategy selectively caches the objects on the MFC server, and updates the cached video objects on the MFC server in time, so as to meet the traditional sports video content needs of the mobile users to the maximum extent. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy has good convergence performance, and its cache hit rate is relatively stable and obviously better than the existing strategy; when the system is stable, compared with the existing strategy, this strategy can reduce the delay of obtaining video object data by 15%.

Handling Tradeoff Between Visual Perception and Compression in Video Codec Using Optimal Intra-Frame Prediction

Video coding and compression play a key role in efficient transmission and distribution of digital video content with comparatively lower storage and bandwidth requirements. However, the current research effort and evolutionary aspects still expect to develop a better solution that can jointly address the time complexity, quality measures, and data transfer rate problem in digital video transmission and distribution. Considering this, the study introduces an optimal video codec model to handle the tradeoff between visual perception and compression issues in video coding by introducing a novel optimized modeling of the intra-frame prediction method. The method's design and development are extensively carried out from the analytical viewpoint, where it also emphasizes reducing the encoding time to a significant extent. The experimental, numerical analysis shows that the proposed modeling of the optimized estimation of intra-frame prediction outperforms the conventional approach in terms of visual perception evaluated concerning Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR), bit rate and encoding time.

Are global over-the-top platforms the destroyers of ecosystems or the catalysts of innovation?

Global over-the-top (OTT) platforms such as YouTube and Netflix are gaining great popularity worldwide. Although the entrance of global OTT platforms may undermine the growth of countries’ local-related industries, it is also possible that imitation on the part of domestic content providers stands to create new OTT platforms or other opportunities for the growth of local content industries. This study examines the impact of global OTT platforms on the local video content industry in South Korea. Specifically, it investigates the impact of the launches of YouTube and Netflix on efficiency differences in local video content production and distribution industries through stochastic frontier analysis and meta-frontier analysis. Introduction of the global OTT platform had an impact on the domestic content industry, but there was a difference in growth according to the detailed classification industry, and the effect differed depending on the entered platform. Tobit analysis confirms that the effects of technological development and entry of global OTT platforms are significant on the technical gap ratio.

Features of YouTube’s recommendation algorithms on the example of a channel about esports

The purpose of the study is to identify relevant effective strategies for interaction with the recommendation algorithm on the YouTube platform in the process of creating and distributing video content. The topic of the study is relevant because YouTube is an active global platform for the distribution of video content. YouTube is the most visited video viewing platform in Ukraine and one of the most visited websites in the world. Understanding the work of recommendation algorithms will allow you to adapt video content so that it reaches the widest possible target audience. The result of the study was the selection of the most effective parameters of videos on YouTube based on the analysis of statistical indicators on the PETR1K channel: relevance and novelty, attractiveness (clickability) of thumbnail images, frequency of uploads to the channel, viewers ‘reaction to previous videos, viewers’ returns, audience retention and more.

ІНФЛЮЕНСЕРИ ЯК ВАЖЛИВИЙ СКЛАДНИК ЦИФРОВОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

The main types of digital marketing and subtypes of social network marketing are presented, which differ based on the specifics of the posted content and the main characteristics of the target audience. Scientifically based approaches to influencing the target audience through the formation of requests for useful advice and recommendations help to optimize the activities of companies in the digital environment. It is expedient to implement the presented approaches within the framework of recommendation marketing. The expediency of using influencers to establish long-term and effective communications with potential customers in the digital environment has been proved. The effectiveness of the use of opinion leaders is based on the tendency of users to trust bloggers more than advertising in offline and online environments. Experts recommend that in the framework of social network marketing to distinguish: YouTube-marketing, Instagram-marketing, TikTok-marketing, Facebook-marketing, LinkedIn-marketing and more. Due to the specifics of photo and short video content distribution, Instagram is very popular among influencers, who have the opportunity to constantly contact the target audience and attract a large number of subscribers. The main factors influencing the cost of influencers' services and features of building a marketing campaign in the digital environment are revealed. The use of celebrities is subject only to large companies due to significant advertising budgets, and small companies do not have the opportunity to spend significant amounts of resources to attract top influencers. The incompatibility of costs and results forces small businesses to engage in marketing campaigns in the digital environment of leaders of influence, who demand much lower fees for their services. The gradation of payment of opinion leaders in the current year depending on the number of subscribers is given and the specifics of pricing of services of popular personalities (actors, sportsmen, models, etc.) are outlined. The dynamics of changes in the structure of social media and the emergence of new players over a short period of time, which is explained by the processes of digitalization and the rapid change of interests of the target audience.

Joint optimization strategy for QoE-aware encrypted video caching and content distributing in multi-edge collaborative computing environment

The video request service of users in 5G network will explode, and adaptive bit rate technology can provide users with reliable video response. Placing video resources on edge servers close to users can overcome the problem of excessive network load similar to traditional centralized cloud platform solutions. Moreover, multiple edge servers can provide caching and transcoding support by collaboration mechanisms, which further improves users’ Quality of Experience (QoE). However, the design difficulty of video caching and content distribution strategies is increased due to the diversity of collaboration mechanisms and the competition between local and collaborative services of edge servers for computing and storage resources. In order to solve this problem, video cache and content distribution problem is modeled as random integer programming problem in the multi-edge server at most two-hop collaboration scenario. In order to improve the security of video data transmission, the video stream is encrypted using an encryption algorithm based on Logistic chaotic-Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). For improving the efficiency of solving integer programming problems, this paper uses a pyramid intelligent evolution algorithm based on optimal cooperation strategy to solve this problem. Simulation experiments show that our proposed method can obtain higher QoE value compared with several newer methods. In addition, the average access delay of proposed method is shortened by more than 27.98%, which verifies its reliability.

Distribution of teaching surveillance video via edge computing

The generation, processing and distribution of multimedia data from video are increasingly toward the edge of the network with the development of mobile and industrial network. The uncertainty of user behavior and limited system resources have become a major challenge for network video services, for example, the distribution of teaching surveillance video. It is a hot spot to support network video services and content distribution with lower latency and higher bandwidth requirements by using the computing, storage, and network resources at the edge of network. In this paper, we first analyze the challenges which are faced in video distribution based on edge computing; then propose a framework for teaching surveillance video content distribution through the network, storage, and computing capabilities of edge computing; lastly provide an edge caching architecture and a cache update strategy by using a LSTM network. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed framework is more efficient than previous ones.

Distributed Video Content Caching Policy With Deep Learning Approaches for D2D Communication

In this paper, we develop a novel active video content caching scheme (RCC) based on a recommendation system, and consistent hash for device-to-device(D2D) communication. The RCC scheme is constructed by a cache placement scheme, a consistent hash algorithm, an optimal video segmentation scheme, and an optimal video library segmentation scheme. To begin with, a well-designed cache placement scheme based on a mobile model with helper notes, and video segmentation is proposed to reduce the redundancy of the videos, and save users’ cache. In order to solve the interruption problem caused by segmentation, a consistent hash algorithm is introduced to improve the success probability of D2D communication. According to the recommendation system, all users’ predictive score for all videos can be calculated, which results that users’ most interesting video files rather than popular video files as previous work can be obtained, and cached in advance to improve the hitting probability. Furthermore, an optimal video segmentation scheme, and an optimal video library segmentation scheme are developed to minimize the transmission delay, and maximize the hitting probability respectively. Simulation results show that compared with other traditional caching schemes, the proposed RCC scheme can reach about 70% reduction in outage probability, 40% reduction in system latency, and 10% improvement in hitting probability, all of which can achieve the best performance.

Cooperative and efficient content caching and distribution mechanism in 5G network

This paper considers encoding caching and collaborative distribution issues jointly, and proposes a collaborative and efficient content caching and distribution mechanism; and based on the proposed scheme, an energy consumption model is established from the perspective of content caching and content distribution to optimize Energy efficiency of content caching and content distribution. In addition, this paper proposes a cache placement algorithm based on heuristic greedy algorithm to solve this energy efficiency optimization problem by optimizing cache placement. Finally, the simulation results show the performance of the scheme. This paper proposes a content clustering distribution scheme for the problems of random user distribution and limited cache. This solution uses the user’s media cloud and communication technology to complete the distribution of video content. In addition, the use of an efficient adaptive media cloud clustering mechanism and a minimized hops algorithm has enabled the reasonable deployment of 5G network caches based on the popularity of video content and user distribution. The simulation results show that the system content request response time is shortened by 50%, which effectively reduce the impact of content popularity changes on system performance. This paper analyses the important performance indicators such as cache hit rate, optimal communication radius, and maximum link access in 5G networks for multi-layer popular multimedia content distribution in response to the heterogeneity and transmission interference problems for 5G networks in 5G communications. Under the premise of noise ratio and signal-to-interference ratio threshold, related service link selection and scheduling algorithms is further proposed obtaining simulation results that approximate theoretical analysis, which effectively reduces the number of interference by 40% and improves the system throughput by 10%.

PrefCache: Edge Cache Admission With User Preference Learning for Video Content Distribution

With the deployment of video streaming in 4G/5G mobile network, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) are extending to the network edge to provide end-users better Quality of Experience (QoE). However, small cache size and irregular request patterns make it a great challenge for edge caching in video content distribution. Most of the existing cache policies are item-wise, they admit each video object separately, which performs poorly on the network edge due to irregular request patterns. We observe that compared with single video objects, users’ preferences for video topics are much more constant, thus are easier to be predicted. So we propose PrefCache, a novel cache admission policy based on preference learning, for video content edge caching. PrefCache enables an edge cache to learn users’ preferences for videos in real-time. Once receiving a video object, PrefCache decides whether to admit it to the cache by whether it is under users’ preference. We make three contributions in this work. (1) First, we design an information collector, which can proactively collect the preference-related information without any modification of clients and video providers. (2) Second, we propose a tree-structure model to learn and compress users’ preferences. (3) Third, to decide which videos should be admitted to the cache in real-time, an explore-and-exploit method is applied. We carried out extensive experiments with 24 hours of trace data from a large commercial video content provider. The experimental results demonstrate that PrefCache can improve hit ratio up to 12%, and save 92% memory / 98% CPU overhead, compared to the state-of-the-art cache policies.

PENGUATAN KECERDASAN DIGITAL PEMUDA SEBAGAI BENTUK KETERLIBATAN DALAM TOTAL DIPLOMASI INDONESIA

The digital age encourages the flow of information to move quickly and shift the pattern of international relations. This has influenced the development of the total diplomacy scheme in supporting the achievement of Indonesia's diplomacy goals. In this program, we take international relations students of Slamet Riyadi University as activity partners. International Relations students should be able to engage in total diplomacy positively. They will be provided with digital intelligence according to the positive character of the nation is needed , so that they are able to contribute in growing Indonesia's positive image in the international eyes. This community service program would like to support Indonesia's efforts to collaborat e digital media in a total diplomacy scheme with student youth agents, through Strengthening Youth Digital Intelligence as a Form of Its Contribution to Indonesian Total Diplomacy. They were given socialization, training and assistance in creating content related to diplomacy. The series of activities lasted for six months, starting from the exploration to the distribution of video content made by them which was adjusted to the Indonesian diplomacy mission. Keyword : digital intelligence, Indonesia, total diplomacy , youth

The Decentralized Rights Locker

This article explains how the distributed ledger technology that has successfully decentralized currencies can be used to enable a decentralized marketplace for digital content rights. Today, multiple centralized rights lockers from companies and consortiums offer similar but incompatible systems to register a consumer’s video purchases and manage content rights. Each is representing a monopoly that centrally governs the content rights and is motivated to do so only as long as it remains profitable. Blockchain technology can be used to establish a permanent, secure, decentralized, and distributed registry for content registration, assignment, and archival of rights. The benefits of leveraging blockchain for video content distribution and content rights management include longevity that is independent of a single standard, company, or governing body as well as security of transactions with cryptographic guarantee of entitlements and grants of content licenses that cannot be changed but can be verified permanently. Lastly, the distributed and replicated nature of the peer-to-peer (P2P) network provides resiliency, eliminating a single point of failure like a company or governing body. This article will provide a novel system design that explains how a blockchain can be applied to not only manage content rights but to also secure content by enabling digital rights management (DRM) and playback control as an integral part of the decentralized network. It also details how to improve common ledger technology to overcome concerns of performance and abuse that are relevant to this application.

Seeking a Clearer Picture: Assessing the Appropriate Regulatory Framework for Broadband Video Distribution

This Note examines the appropriate regulatory framework for the distribution of commercial video content over broadband networks. As online video providers such as Netflix and Hulu expand, they are beginning to compete directly with the video services of major cable and telecommunications companies. Frequently, these companies also serve as a customer’s Internet service provider, leaving them in the position of carrying these competitive services over their broadband networks. This conflict has led to calls for regulation that would protect nascent online video services from feared anticompetitive actions by the major providers. In April 2010, against the backdrop of this expanding conflict, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit in Comcast Corporation v. FCC dealt a blow to the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) ability to regulate in this arena. There, the circuit court invalidated the FCC’s jurisdictional approach to regulating broadband Internet. Although the FCC has subsequently reasserted its jurisdiction over broadband, the fallout from Comcast has rekindled debates as to whether broadband is best governed by proscriptive FCC regulation, or whether oversight of this marketplace should be left to the general antitrust authorities - the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission. This Note discusses the jurisdictional challenges to broadband oversight faced by each agency, and assesses the substantive and procedural merits of FCC and antitrust governance regimes. It then argues that, given the uncertainty regarding its authority, the FCC should abandon its efforts to regulate broadband video distribution in the absence of clear market harms. Finally, this Note proposes that this dynamic and rapidly evolving marketplace should develop outside the bounds of proscriptive regulations, with antitrust serving as a backstop if market intervention proves necessary.