Distribution Of Production Research Articles

Integrated assessment of crop planting suitability: A case study in the Hetao Irrigation District of China using HJ-1A/1B satellite data

The increasing demand for food due to population growth and climate change poses significant challenges to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of zero hunger by 2030. A key aspect in overcoming these challenges is to determine appropriate planting patterns for various crops, aimed at enhancing regional-scale crop water productivity despite the constraints of limited water and land resources. Remote sensing data and models provide the possibility for accurately estimating water productivity of different crops on a regional scale, but studies on remote sensing-based assessments of regional crop water productivity and its applications in agricultural management are still limited. In this study, we present a satellite-based integrated approach to assess crop planting suitability based on regional crop water productivity estimation. Focusing on the Hetao Irrigation District (HID) in the upper Yellow River basin, a representative irrigation district in arid region of Northwest China, we first use remote sensing data (HJ-1A/1B) to estimate water productivity for the two major crops, maize and sunflower, within the HID from evapotranspiration and yield estimates. Additionally, we introduce a novel crop planting suitability index based on the frequency distribution of crop water productivity, facilitating the determination of appropriate crop planting patterns. Our findings reveal that Dengkou, the periphery of Hangjinhouqi, and the southern part of Linhe are optimal for maize cultivation, while Wuyuan and the northern part of Linhe are ideal for sunflower cultivation. This is attributed to higher water productivity levels for maize in Dengkou (2.46 kg/m³) and Linhe (2.15 kg/m³), and for sunflower in Wuyuan (0.86 kg/m³). Following the optimization of crop planting distribution, the average water productivity for maize and sunflower increases by 7.6 % and 5.0 %, respectively. The proposed method can be generalized to other regions, and the results offer valuable insights for local governments in decision-making to regulate cropping pattern and maximize regional crop water productivity.

Informality and aggregate productivity: The case of Mexico

This paper develops and estimates a quantitative model to analyze the aggregate productivity consequences of informality in Mexico. While informality is typically viewed as prevailing solely among small firms, we use rich census data to document a high and rising share of large informal firms between 1998 and 2013. The model is quantified using the observed size and productivity distributions of both informal and formal firms. We use the model to assess the role of changes in labor market regulations, entry costs and enforcement in contributing to the rise in informality and decline in TFP in Mexico from 1998 to 2013. We find that the factors most important for the decline in aggregate productivity were not important drivers of the increase in informality, and conversely, the factors most important for the increase in informality had little impact on aggregate productivity. Regulatory changes during the 2000s contributed to over a third of the observed rise in the informal employment share, but with small aggregate productivity consequences. In contrast, rising entry costs account for a third of the decline in TFP from 1998 to 2013, but had little impact on informality.

"What about Military Decision-Making?": A Bibliometric Review of Published Articles.

Decision-making processes in the military domain constitute a strategic field of research in cognitive psychology, although there are currently few scientific publications addressing the topic. Professionals in the field and interested parties need access to data on military decision-making processes to understand where and how the scientific community is directing its investigations on the issue. Military decision-making is a strategic field of study because the military is crucial to the security and defense of a country or community. This work aims to be a point of reference for those involved in various capacities in military decision-making, providing key data regarding research trends over the years, the geographical distribution of scientific productivity, methodologies employed, annual statistics, and the prevalence of the most-investigated terms and topics. Therefore, this study serves as a bibliometric analysis of the literature on military decision-making publihed from 1992 to 2023 on the Scopus and Web of Science databases.

Drivers of urban sprawl in Dammam metropolitan area (DMA), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A qualitative exploration

Urban Sprawl, categorized by the city's outward expansion into their adjacent areas, has emerged as a pressing and complex challenge in urban development worldwide. Understanding the urban sprawl drivers becomes essential for efficient and sustainable urban development as cities transform and grow. Only some studies have provided a comprehensive analysis combining local perspectives with international understanding, making it challenging to form policies to prevent urban sprawl. This study is conducted with the primary aim of determining the drivers of urban sprawl. The qualitative analysis of focus group, interviews and document analysis have been done to reveal the multifaceted drivers of urban sprawl. The thematic analysis reveals the main role of economic incentives, government policies, accessibility, zoning regulation, cultural aspects, land use changes, Low Spatial Distribution of Productivity and limited Capacity of Dammam Urban Planning Department in influencing the spatial dynamics of urban sprawl in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. This research study connects the local context to the worldwide urbanization trends, contributing to the broader international perspective on the drivers of urban sprawl. The study findings will be helpful in effectively addressing the urban sprawl challenge. With the local focus and international insight, this research study offers a great knowledge for communities, policy makers and urban planners, enabling more sustainable urban development in Saudi Arabia and beyond.

Review of microplastics and chemical risk posed by plastic packaging on the marine environment to inform the Global Plastics Treaty

Plastic overproduction and the resulting increase in consumption has made plastic pollution ubiquitous in all ecosystems. Recognizing this, the United Nations (UN) has started negotiations to establish a global treaty to end plastic pollution, especially in the marine environment. The basis of the treaty has been formulated in terms of turning off the tap, signaling the will to prevent plastic pollution at its source. Based on the distribution of plastic production by sector, the plastic packaging sector consumes the most plastic. The volume and variety of chemicals used in plastic packaging, most of which is single-use, is a major concern. Single-use plastics including packaging is one of the most dominant sources of plastic pollution. Plastic waste causes pollution in water, air and soil by releasing harmful chemicals into the environment and can also lead to exposure through contamination of food with micro- and nano-plastic particles and chemicals through packaging. Marine life and humans alike face risks from plastic uptake through bioaccumulation and biomagnification. While the contribution of plastics ingested to chemical pollution is relatively minor in comparison to other pathways of exposure, the effect of plastic waste on marine life and human consumption of seafood is beyond question. To reduce the long-term impact of plastic, it is crucial to establish a global legally binding instrument to ensure the implementation of upstream rather than downstream solutions. This will help to mitigate the impact of both chemicals and microplastics, including from packaging, on the environment.

A quantitative assessment of Geant4 for predicting the yield and distribution of positron-emitting fragments in ion beam therapy

Objective. To compare the accuracy with which different hadronic inelastic physics models across ten Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit versions can predict positron-emitting fragments produced along the beam path during carbon and oxygen ion therapy. Approach. Phantoms of polyethylene, gelatin, or poly(methyl methacrylate) were irradiated with monoenergetic carbon and oxygen ion beams. Post-irradiation, 4D PET images were acquired and parent 11C, 10C and 15O radionuclides contributions in each voxel were determined from the extracted time activity curves. Next, the experimental configurations were simulated in Geant4 Monte Carlo versions 10.0 to 11.1, with three different fragmentation models—binary ion cascade (BIC), quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) and the Liege intranuclear cascade (INCL++) - 30 model-version combinations. Total positron annihilation and parent isotope production yields predicted by each simulation were compared between simulations and experiments using normalised mean squared error and Pearson cross-correlation coefficient. Finally, we compared the depth of the maximum positron annihilation yield and the distal point at which the positron yield decreases to 50% of peak between each model and the experimental results. Main results. Performance varied considerably across versions and models, with no one version/model combination providing the best prediction of all positron-emitting fragments in all evaluated target materials and irradiation conditions. BIC in Geant4 10.2 provided the best overall agreement with experimental results in the largest number of test cases. QMD consistently provided the best estimates of both the depth of peak positron yield (10.4 and 10.6) and the distal 50%-of-peak point (10.2), while BIC also performed well and INCL generally performed the worst across most Geant4 versions. Significance. The best predictions of the spatial distribution of positron annihilations and positron-emitting fragment production along the beam path during carbon and oxygen ion therapy was obtained using Geant4 10.2.p03 with BIC or QMD. These version/model combinations are recommended for future heavy ion therapy research.

Cold obstacle influence on nanofluid convection in porous cavity

Enclosure design has a substantial influence on thermal engineering procedures and technology, such as electronics, thermal exchangers, power engines, heating systems, solar panels, and nuclear power plants. Triangular enclosures with different aspect ratios are used for multiple-purpose optimization and enhanced thermal efficiency in microchannels. Triangle enclosures with cold cylinders are often used to reduce heat loss in thermal exchange devices and nanoscale thermal sinks. The objective of the current study is to explore the natural convection of a hybrid nanofluid within a wavy-bottom triangular porous cavity containing an embedded cold inverted triangle, all under the influence of an inclined magnetic field. The inner inverted triangle maintains a lower temperature, while the wavy bottom wall of the outer triangular cavity acts as an isothermal heat source at high temperatures. The space between the inner and outer triangles is filled with hybrid nanofluid (Ag–MgO– water). The numerical solution for the modeled mathematical framework is derived using the open-source finite element program COMSOL. A wavy triangle enclosure is used in this work to analyze key elements, such as the Hartmann number, Ha, the Rayleigh number, Ra, the volume fraction, ϕ, the Darcy number, Da, and the inclination, γ. The local distribution of streamlines, velocity profile, isotherms, and entropy production are demonstrated along with the average Nusselt number. The findings reveal that the heat transfer rate and the total entropy generation increase with increase in Da, while their values decrease with increase in Ha. The value of Nu is raised with increase in the volume fraction ϕ and Rayleigh number Ra. The velocity profile shows increase with increase in the volume fraction ϕ and Rayleigh number Ra.

Uso de agrotóxicos em canaviais de Pernambuco e danos à saúde do trabalhador

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze exposure to pesticides and harm to the health of workers on sugarcane plantations in Pernambuco. This participatory research was conducted in rural territories of five municipalities with a strong presence in sugarcane-planted areas. The primary data were produced in workshops with rural workers to construct a participatory rural diagnosis, analyzed through condensation of meanings, and interpreted in light of the theoretical framework of Latin American critical epidemiology. The results are presented in three sections: i) Flowchart of work on sugarcane plantations; ii) Exposure to pesticides used on crops; iii) Harm to worker’s health. We conclude that permanent exposure to pesticides involves working on sugarcane plantations and emerges from a historical and socio-environmental construct in which the ways of life of the territories under the control of sugarcane agribusiness are subsumed. Public policies are recommended to promote family farming with diversification, flow, distribution of agroecological production, and strengthening primary health care and integrated epidemiological, health, environmental, and worker surveillance actions.

Science mapping the evolution of middle leadership research, 2002–2023

This systematic review aimed to examine the evolution of middle leadership research in a 21-year period, starting from 2002 to 2023, by employing bibliometric methods to examine the metadata of 181 documents. It summarised the key features of the middle leadership knowledge base by analysing its descriptive trends, distribution of knowledge production, key scholars, journals, and documents, and uncovered its underlying intellectual structure. The review offers insights into the development of the literature on middle leadership – a relatively new concept. The findings from this review would help scholars understand the nuances of middle leadership as well as provide insights to researchers on the current and future development of middle leadership research in schools.

Far-from-equilibrium slow modes and momentum anisotropy in an expanding plasma

The momentum distribution of particle production in heavy-ion collisions encodes information about thermalization processes in the early-stage quark-gluon plasma. We use kinetic theory to study the far-from-equilibrium evolution of an expanding plasma with an anisotropic momentum-space distribution. We identify slow and fast degrees of freedom in the far-from-equilibrium plasma from the evolution of moments of this distribution. At late times, the slow modes correspond to hydrodynamic degrees of freedom and are naturally gapped from the fast modes by the inverse of the relaxation time, τR−1. At early times, however, there are an infinite number of slow modes with a gap inversely proportional to time, τ−1. From the evolution of the slow modes we generalize the paradigm of the far-from-equilibrium attractor to vector and tensor components of the energy-momentum tensor, and even to higher moments of the distribution function that are not part of the hydrodynamic evolution. We predict that initial-state momentum anisotropy decays slowly in the far-from-equilibrium phase and may persist until the relaxation time. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Content Analysis of Annals of Library and Information Studies during 2002 – 2022.

The Research Paper Presents a “Content Analysis of “Annals of Library and Information Studies Journal during 2002 to 2022 – Part 1” is written as a partial completion of the subject Content Analysis of “Annals of Library and Information Studies (2002-2022)” registered for DLit or Post PhD Degree. It published four issues per Year it means quarterly publication. The data were downloaded from Journals website NIScPR. The content analysis has been conducted with 613 contributions published in the Journal selected 21 years for a period of between 2002 to 20022. The study focuses on necessary content analysis forms, Chronological Distribution of Articles, Authorship pattern, Research Publication Growth, Geographical distribution of productivity, The average length of Paper, average numbers, and reference per articles. The study revealed that the maximum number of articles i.e. 42 were published in the year 2010. The Highest number papers contributed by India 506.

Monetary Policy and Welfare with Heterogeneous Firms and Endogenous Entry

AbstractThis paper studies monetary policy and welfare in a sticky wage New Keynesian model with heterogeneous firms and endogenously variable markups. We show that stabilizing nominal wages is optimal only when product creation is based on an instantaneous zero‐profit condition and when the aggregate markup is constant. A constant markup requires strong selection effects generated by a Pareto firm‐level productivity distribution. When product creation is based on a dynamic zero‐profit condition optimal monetary policy accounts for the distribution of firms and the welfare loss from stabilizing nominal wages is between and 0.2% of steady‐state consumption.

The world’s productivity distribution and optimal knowledge absorption

An optimal growth model is devised and subject to dynamic analysis. The model is a standard intertemporal utility maximization framework, with a one-dimensional constraint characterizing the pace of productivity growth. In this setting, knowledge acquisition depends not only on the investment in the adoption of existing technologies, but also on the pre-determined shape of the world’s productivity distribution. The configuration of the distribution will determine the probability of successful imitation and, therefore, the extent in which the economy might approach the world’s technology frontier. The dynamic analysis points to the formation of a saddle-path stable equilibrium. The type of distribution is decisive in defining the exact location of the stable trajectory and of the equilibrium point.

Diversity and Inclusion in Regional Science Participation: Through the Lens of Data Mining

Despite increasing awareness of the need to promote diversity, equity and inclusion in regional science, it remains unclear how and to what extent underrepresentation exists in the field. In addition, although inequalities in science along these lines have been studied empirically across a wide range of fields and disciplines, they have yet to be examined specifically in the field of regional science per se. This study aims to fill this research gap by investigating the extent to which there are disparities in publication and citation rates based on race, gender and region, and how topic selection affects these differentials. To achieve this goal, we analyzed 4,930 bibliometric records for nine journals with an explicit regional science brand over the period from 1961 to 2021, we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique regression modeling to assess how citation impact is affected by the gender, race, nationality of authors, topic selections, and other relevant factors. The results of this study provide evidence on patterns of inequality in regional science and help to understand the distribution of scientific productivity and impact by gender, race and origins. While the field is becoming more diverse and inclusive in terms publications and citations, significant gaps and disparities remains, especially regarding the Global South and minorities. We conclude with policy and programmatic recommendations for promoting broader participation in regional science in the future.

Functions of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Cold, Drought, Salt, and Iron Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review.

Abiotic stresses including cold, drought, salt, and iron deficiency severely impair plant development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Several bodies of research have shed light on the pleiotropic functions of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) proteins in plant responses to these abiotic stresses. In this review, we mention the regulatory roles of bHLH TFs in response to stresses such as cold, drought, salt resistance, and iron deficiency, as well as in enhancing grain yield in plants, especially crops. The bHLH proteins bind to E/G-box motifs in the target promoter and interact with various other factors to form a complex regulatory network. Through this network, they cooperatively activate or repress the transcription of downstream genes, thereby regulating various stress responses. Finally, we present some perspectives for future research focusing on the molecular mechanisms that integrate and coordinate these abiotic stresses. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of stress-tolerant crops.

Examining honey production with Geographic Information Systems (GIS): The example of Ordu province

Beekeeping is an example of economic farming with its products that can be done without being dependent on plant and ecological production because of its contribution to pollination. This study aims to examine Ordu province, which has been at the top of Turkey's beekeeping activities and honey production for years, with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on honey production data between 2013 and 2022. By evaluating the honey production data of registered breeders in Ordu province, cartographic maps were produced to evaluate the spatial projection of honey production for the last ten years. After creating a GIS-based database, district-based shape file (.shp extension) data was used for spatial analysis and mapping of the obtained outputs. After these data were defined in the WGS 84 EPSG:4326 coordinate reference system, the spatial distribution of honey production and yield throughout the study period was analyzed using the open-source QGIS version 3.18.3 software. It was determined that the highest honey production belonged to registered beekeepers in Altınordu district during the relevant time period. Altınordu is also the district with the highest number of registered enterprises. It was determined that the honey production data and the number of enterprises of the beekeepers in Gülyalı district, which is one of the neighbouring districts of this district, are lower than Altınordu district. After Altınordu district, Perşembe, Ulubey, Gürgentepe and Gölköy districts have an important place in honey production. Although these districts are neighbours like Gülyalı district, their high production may have resulted from the difference in cooperation between the districts. As a result, it was determined that honey production activities in Ordu province and districts, which is an important city in terms of honey production, vary depending on the districts. The problem of climate change, which is predicted that the world will be exposed to more in the near future, also directs beekeeping activities towards nomadic beekeeping. It can be said that like most of the breeders in Ordu province, registered beekeepers in other cities will be more orientated towards nomadic beekeeping against the threat of global warming.

Distributional effects of the increasing heat incidence on labor productivity

This paper examines how temperature affects worker productivity beyond the usual “on average” analysis, with a particular focus on distributional impacts of the increasing heat incidence across high- and low-productivity areas. Using a recentered influence function regression approach, we estimate unconditional reduced-form effects of a location shift in the temperature distribution—consistent with climate change trends—on the labor productivity distribution across counties in the contiguous U.S. We find that labor productivity is largely insensitive to changes in the frequency of cool-to-moderate maximum daily temperatures. However, as temperatures shift above 24∘C, the effects on productivity turn increasingly negative, albeit with their magnitudes attenuating as a county’s productivity rank rises. While highly productive locations in the top 5% are not adversely impacted even by the hottest temperatures, permanently increasing the incidence of ≥36∘C temperatures just by a day lowers productivity at the bottom vigintile by a nontrivial 0.22% per year, an equivalent of 10.5 hours of work by a minimum-wage worker. As temperatures continue to rise, not only does worker productivity worsen on average, but the cross-county dispersion therein widens too. Given existing climate forecasts, we predict that future extreme temperatures would further deepen worker productivity inequality.

Gains from trade: Demand, supply, and idiosyncratic shocks

SummaryFirm‐level sales are often used as a proxy for productivity to quantify welfare gains from trade (GFT) using firm‐level data. This approach ignores the fact that heterogeneity in firm‐level sales is driven by factors other than productivity. Our theoretical and empirical analysis reveals that using sales as a proxy conflates persistent productivity with transitory demand and supply shocks, resulting in an over‐dispersed productivity distribution. Assigning this shock‐inflated productivity to a modeled economy's supply‐side results in overestimated GFT. We show how to obtain unbiased productivity estimates, aggregate trade elasticities, and GFT estimates by exploiting the revenue production function from a single‐source country.

Oceanographic factors determining the distribution of nutrients and primary production in the subpolar Southern Ocean

To investigate the spatial distributions and determinants of nutrient concentrations, we measured NO3−+NO2−, PO43−, and Si(OH)4 concentrations in the eastern Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean (80 − 150°E, south of 60°S) between December 2018 and February 2019. In the region influenced by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, nutrient concentrations were increased by nutrients supplied from the deep layer and by organic matter decomposition and remineralization within the seasonal pycnocline after the development of strong stratification. Strong stratification also enhanced phytoplankton growth and nutrient consumption by photosynthesis. In contrast, in the subpolar region, nutrient concentrations were increased by nutrients supplied by brine discharged during sea ice formation and decreased by dilution with sea ice meltwater. Although high salinity in the surface and subsurface layers corresponded well to upwelling areas around subpolar subgyres, high salinity was not necessarily correlated with nutrient concentrations. We estimated primary production both from in situ nutrient data and from satellite-acquired chlorophyll-a data. According to both estimation methods, primary production was high in the subpolar region, especially around 120 − 130°E. However, nutrient-based estimation also showed high production in coastal areas where, because of sea ice and cloud cover, estimation based on satellite data was not possible. To understand primary production in seasonal ice areas, the best estimation method should be selected for the research goals or multiple methods should be used in combination.

The regional climate–chemistry–ecology coupling model RegCM-Chem (v4.6)–YIBs (v1.0): development and application

Abstract. The interactions between the terrestrial biosphere, atmospheric chemistry, and climate involve complex feedbacks that have traditionally been modeled separately. We present a new framework that couples the Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere (YIBs) model, a dynamic plant-chemistry model, with the RegCM-Chem model. RegCM-Chem–YIBs integrates meteorological variables and atmospheric chemical composition from RegCM-Chem with land surface parameters from YIBs. The terrestrial carbon flux calculated by YIBs is fed back into RegCM-Chem interactively, thereby representing the interactions between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2). For testing purposes, we carry out a 1-year simulation (2016) at a 30 km horizontal resolution over East Asia with RegCM-Chem–YIBs. The model accurately captures the spatio-temporal distribution of climate, chemical composition, and ecological parameters. In particular, the estimated O3 and PM2.5 are consistent with ground observations, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. The simulated CO2 concentration is consistent with observations from six sites (R ranged from 0.89 to 0.97) and exhibits a similar spatial pattern when compared with carbon assimilation products. RegCM-Chem–YIBs produces reasonably good gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP), showing seasonal and spatial distributions consistent with satellite observations, and mean biases (MBs) of 0.13 and 0.05 kg C m−2 yr−1. This study illustrates that RegCM-Chem–YIBs is a valuable tool to investigate coupled interactions between the terrestrial carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change at a higher resolution on a regional scale.