Distribution Of Plants Research Articles

Soil properties constrain forest understory plant distributions along an elevation gradient.

Projections of spatial biodiversity dynamics under climate warming are often based on models including only climate variables, and when non-climatic factors (e.g. soil) are included, data are often at much coarser spatial resolutions than those experienced by plants. Field studies along elevation gradients permit the gathering of detailed soil data, while still covering a wide climatic gradient. Here, an intensive field survey of four spring forest herbs along an elevation gradient showed that soil properties had substantial impacts on the occurrence/abundance of all species, and that soil effects were more pronounced at higher elevations. For Trillium erectum and Claytonia caroliniana, very infrequent occurrences at high elevation were strongly associated with rare microsites with high pH or nutrients. In a seven-year transplant experiment with T. erectum, we found that individuals grew to much smaller sizes at high than low elevation, suggesting that environmental factors rather than dispersal limitation constrain the species' upper range limit, despite substantial warming in recent decades. Our study demonstrates that soil factors interact strongly with climate to determine plant range limits along climatic gradients. Unsuitable soils for plants at high elevations or latitudes may represent an important constraint on future plant migration and biodiversity change. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ecological novelty and planetary stewardship: biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere'.

The distribution and abundance of woody invasive alien plants in small towns in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) are rapidly increasing around the world, mainly due to land transformation, climate change, and urbanisation. Whilst urban areas are highly susceptible to invasion by IAPs, crucial information on the distribution and abundance of woody invaders in small towns is limited. Here, we determined the distribution and abundance of woody IAPs across different suburbs and land use types in 12 small towns in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. We enumerated 38 427 individual woody IAPs, and their abundance and distribution varied across surveyed towns. Although species such as Melia azedarach, Pinus elliotti, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, and Ligustrum lucidum were the most distributed, species density varied across towns. More than half of the woody IAPs were identified in affluent (56%) suburbs compared to the townships (23%), Central business district (CBD) (16%), and low-income housing neighbourhoods (5%). There were significant differences in woody IAPs distribution across different land use types, with more than half (54%) found in the residential areas compared to road verges (32%) and public urban green spaces (14%). Some socio-economic and environmental predictors such as town population, mean temperature, unemployment rate, and Gross domestic product (GDP) showed significant and positive correlations with woody IAPs species richness and density. Our findings suggest an uneven spatial distribution and diversity of woody IAPs across the different small towns, suburbs, and land use types in the region. It is recommended that small towns in South Africa need financial and human resources support to effectively manage IAPs.

Warming induced shade tolerance to become a key trait in invasion success of free-floating plant Pistia stratiotes over the native Hydrocharis morsus-ranae

Changes in nutrient concentration, temperature and light intensity due to climate change can alter the species composition of aquatic ecosystems, since global climate change can intensify the process of eutrophication. Eutrophication can enhance the biological invasion and the distribution of alien aquatic plants. Here we investigated the competition ability of alien Pistia stratiotes and native Hydrocharis morsus-ranae and the effect of different light intensities, temperatures and nutrient concentrations on the functional traits of the two species. In short term (8 days) monoculture experiment, we applied low (0.5 mg L-1 N; 0.05 mg L-1 P) and high nutrient concentrations (2 mg L-1 N; 0.2 mg L-1 P), four different light intensities (25–295 μmol m−2 s−1) as well as cold and warm (21.5; 27.5 ± 0.5°C) water treatments in full factorial design. In mixed cultures we cultivated the plants for 28 days with various biomass ratio, in shaded and well illuminated conditions, at a high nutrient concentration (4 mg L-1 N 1 mg L-1 P). In monocultures, the relative growth rate of P. stratiotes in warm water was significantly higher than that of H. morsus-ranae, however, this difference was not significant in colder water. In the co-culture experiment, P. stratiotes had significantly higher growth rate compared to H. morsus-ranae regardless of initial plant biomass ratio. Under shaded (65 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1) conditions, P. stratiotes outcompeted H. morsus-ranae, resulting in its decay. Experimental results imply that with elevated temperature, the spread of alien P. stratiotes can be expected. Furthermore, under shaded conditions, P. stratiotes has a higher chance of occupying the water surface over the native plant H. morsus-ranae.

Machine learning prediction on wetland succession and the impact of artificial structures from a decade of field data

The artificial structures can influence wetland topology and sediment properties, thereby shaping plant distribution and composition. Macrobenthos composition was correlated with plant cover. Previous studies on the impact of artificial structures on plant distribution are scarce in incorporating time-series data or extended field surveys. In this study, a machine-learning-based species distribution model with decade-long observation was analyzed to investigate the correlation between the shift in the distribution of B. planiculmis, artificial structure-induced elevation changes and the expansion of other plants, as well as their connection to soil properties and crab composition dynamics under plants in Gaomei Wetland. Long short-term memory model (LSTM) with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) was employed for predicting the distribution of B. planiculmis and explaining feature importance. The results indicated that wetland topology was influenced by both artificial structures and plants. Areas initially colonized by B. planiculmis were replaced by other species. Soil properties showed significant differences among plant patches; however, principal component analysis (PCA) of sediment properties and niche similarity analysis showed that the niche of plants was overlapped. Crab composition was different under different plants. The presence probability of B. planiculmis near woody paths decreased according to LSTM and field survey data. SHAP analysis suggested that the distribution of other plants, historical distribution of B. planiculmis and sediment properties significantly contributed to the presence probability of B. planiculmis. A sharp decrease in SHAP values with increasing NDVI at suitable elevations, overlap in PCA of sediment properties and niche similarity indicated potential competition among plants. This decade-long time-series field survey revealed the joint effects of artificial structure and vegetation on the topology and soil properties dynamics. These changes influenced the plant distribution through potential plant competition. LSTM with SHAP provided valuable insights in the underlying the mechanisms of artificial structure effects on the plant zonation process.

Response of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in leaves of different life forms to altitude and soil factors in Tianshan wild fruit forest

IntroductionThe ecological stoichiometric ratio of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus is an important index to understand the utilization and distribution of plant nutrients.MethodTo explore how leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents, along with the stoichiometric ratio of different life forms of plants, respond to variations in altitude and soil physical and chemical properties, leaves and soil samples were collected from different life forms of plants at different altitudes (1,100~1,700 m) within the Guozigou region of the forest. Subsequently, the contents and ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the leaves, as well as the physicochemical properties of the soil, were determined.ResultsThe results showed the following: (1) The three life forms of plants in the study area showed that the coefficient of variation of leaf carbon content was the smallest and the distribution was the most stable, while the coefficient of variation of carbon–nitrogen ratio was the largest. (2) Altitude had a significant effect on the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of different life form of plants, among which the leaf nitrogen content of trees, shrubs, and herbs increased significantly with altitude (p < 0.01), the leaf phosphorus content of trees increased significantly with altitude (p < 0.01), and the leaf C:N of the three life form of plants decreased significantly with altitude (p < 0.01). The C:P of the arbor decreased significantly with altitude (p < 0.05), and the N:P of shrub and herb leaves increased significantly with altitude (p < 0.01). (3) Soil organic carbon and soil moisture content were the main environmental factors affecting the changes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in leaves of arbors, and nitrate nitrogen was the main environmental factor affecting the changes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in leaves of shrubs. Available phosphorus affected the changes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the leaves of herbaceous plants.DiscussionThe results provide new insights into community-level biogeographical patterns and potential factors of leaf stoichiometry among plant life forms.

Predictive modeling of green water availability: The role of annual plants as an ecological indicator in dryland ecosystems

Green water is primarily associated with the appearance of annual plants and plays a significant role in biomass production in both arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Herein, we aim to estimate the optimal threshold for determining the presence or absence of annual plants and use them as an ecological indicator to assess potential green water areas in Kuwait as a case study. We integrate remote sensing techniques and MaxEnt modeling. The AUC for the annual plant distribution with all examined factors is 0.847, and the standard deviation is 0.050. The results demonstrated that potential locations with high levels of green water cover <20% of the country. The annual plant distribution was significantly correlated with several types of perennial plants, maximum temperature, precipitation, and sandy soils. It was also found that annual plants are controlled by the spring and winter temperature decline and the timing of precipitation occurrence, especially the pattern and amount of rainfall received in November. Sandy loam and loam soils were found to be ideal for annual plants, although land depressions and soil types are crucial factors in determining annual plant distribution. Additionally, annual plants enhanced the growth of several perennial communities. To reiterate, our study's model helped to comprehend the significance of annual plants as an ecological indicator in sustaining soil moisture over a prolonged period, as well as factors controlling the distribution of annual plants. The developed model and indicators could support decision-makers in determining appropriate locations with adequate levels of green water for revegetation planning in arid landscapes.

Attributive analysis of the anthropophytes fraction as a part of the urban flora of Kyiv urban area (climamorphotype, residence time category, pathway of introduction into Ukraine and geographical origin)

The significant global growth of invasions, distribution and naturalization of alien vascular plants requires clear knowledge about the volume, taxonomic and typological diversity of plant invasions in Ukraine in order to control and contain them. The screening of four features of the fraction of alien species of urban flora of the KUA is outlined: climamorphotype, time, way of immigration, and geographic spread. According to our data, the taxonomic diversity of the fraction is high. The alien flora of Kyiv urban area is 711species-level taxa recruited from 358 genera, 95 families, 6 classes, and 3 divisions. Attributive analysis relies on categories of invasive botany. The climamorphotype is represented by fanerophytes — 127 species, 18% or the total amount, hamephytes — 13 (1.8%), hemicryptophytes — 83 (11.7%), cryptophytes — 79 (11.1%), terrophytes — 389 (55%) and hydrophytes — 9 (1.3%,) other categories — 10 species. According to the time of immigration, the following are present: archaeophytes — 112 species, 16% or the total amount, kenophytes — 194 (27%) and eukenophytes — 404 (57%) and not determined one taxa. According to the method of immigration, the fraction contains acolytophytes — 149 species, 21% or the total amount, ergasiophytes — 331 (46.6%), xenophytes — 201 (28.4%) and xeno-ergasiophytes — 28 (3.9%) and 2 others. The trend of increasing the role of immigrants-ergasiophytes — «escaped plants» — has been noted. Screening of geographic origin records wide spatial amplitude: immigrant plants from five continents are present. Immigrants of Mediterranean origin dominate — 230 species, 32% or the total amount, American 179 (25%), and Asian 154 (24%), represented equally, European — 51 (7%). The geographical origin was not revealed for 38 species, 5%. Attention is drawn to "species of anthropogenic origin" (23 species, 3%), as well as the high presence of hybrid combinations at the species level — 16 hybrids, 2%, etc. The growth trends of the participation of American and East Asian immigrant species in the urban flora of KUA, predicted at the beginning of the 2000s, have been confirmed. In general, the taxonomically rich fraction of anthropophytes of the urban flora of KUA, according to the screening results, demonstrates a variety of typological features. However, each of the specified properties requires constant, detailed study for the purpose of reliable monitoring of plant invasions.

Multispecies deep learning using citizen science data produces more informative plant community models

In the age of big data, scientific progress is fundamentally limited by our capacity to extract critical information. Here, we map fine-grained spatiotemporal distributions for thousands of species, using deep neural networks (DNNs) and ubiquitous citizen science data. Based on 6.7 M observations, we jointly model the distributions of 2477 plant species and species aggregates across Switzerland with an ensemble of DNNs built with different cost functions. We find that, compared to commonly-used approaches, multispecies DNNs predict species distributions and especially community composition more accurately. Moreover, their design allows investigation of understudied aspects of ecology. Including seasonal variations of observation probability explicitly allows approximating flowering phenology; reweighting predictions to mirror cover-abundance allows mapping potentially canopy-dominant tree species nationwide; and projecting DNNs into the future allows assessing how distributions, phenology, and dominance may change. Given their skill and their versatility, multispecies DNNs can refine our understanding of the distribution of plants and well-sampled taxa in general.

How do productivity gradient and diffusion shape patterns in a plant–herbivore grazing system?

Natural systems show heterogeneous patchy distributions of vegetation over large landscapes. Reaction–diffusion systems can demonstrate such heterogeneity of species distributions. Here, we analyse a reaction–diffusion model of plant–herbivore interactions in two-dimensional space to illustrate non-homogeneous distributions of plants and herbivores. The non-spatial system shows bottom-up control, where herbivore density is low under low and high primary productivity but increased at intermediate productivity. In addition, the non-spatial system provides bistability between a dense vegetation state devoid of herbivores and a coexisting state of plants and herbivores. In the spatiotemporal model, we give analytical conditions of occurring diffusion-driven (Turing) instability, where a novel point in our model is the relative dispersal of herbivores, which represents the movement of herbivores from a higher to a lower vegetation state in addition to the self-diffusion of both species. It is shown that heterogeneity in the population distribution does not occur if the relative dispersal of herbivores is low, but it appears in the opposite case. Due to bistability in the underlying non-spatial system, the spatiotemporal model produces initial value-dependent patterns. The two initial values make different patterns despite having the same primary productivity and relative dispersal rate. As productivity increases with a given relative herbivore dispersal, pattern transition occurs from a blend of stripes and spots of low vegetation state to a predominantly low-density vegetation state with smaller patches of densely vegetated states with one initial value. On the contrary, a discernible change in vegetation patterns from cold spots in the dense vegetation to hot stripes in the primarily low-vegetated state is noticed under the other initial population value. Furthermore, the population distributions of plants and herbivores in the entire domain after a long period are heterogeneous for both initial values, provided the relative herbivore dispersal is substantial. We estimated mean population densities to observe species fitness in the whole domain under variable productivity. When productivity is high, the mean population density of plants may go up or down, depending on the herbivore’s relative dispersal rate. In contrast to the bottom-up control dynamics of the non-spatial system, the system exhibits a top-down control under high relative dispersal, where the herbivore regulates vegetation growth under high productivity. On the other hand, herbivores are extinct under high productivity if the relative dispersal is low.

Notes on the Distribution of some Flowering Plants from Aurangabad (Maharashtra)

No Abstract.

Distribution of Carnivorous Plants in West Bengal

The distribution of 18 species of carnivorous plants in the different districts of West Bengal is recorded with annotations. Some of these are new records for the state of West Bengal.

Water Composition, Biomass, and Species Distribution of Vascular Plants in Lake Agmon-Hula (LAH) (1993–2023) and Nearby Surroundings: A Review

A significant change to the land cover in the Hula Valley was carried out during the 1950s: A swampy area densely covered by aquatic vegetation and the old shallow lake Hula were drained. The natural shallow lake and swamps land cover were converted into agricultural development land use in two stages: (1) Drainage that was accomplished in 1957; (2) Implementation of the renovated hydrological system structure, including the newly created shallow Lake Agmon-Hula (LAH), was completed in 2007. The long-term data record of the restored diversity of the submerged and emerged aquatic plant community, and its relation to water quality in the newly created shallow Lake Agmon-Hula LAH, was statistically evaluated. Internal interactions within the LAH ecosystem between aquatic plants and water quality, including nitrification, de-nitrification, sedimentation, photosynthetic intensity, and plant biomass and nutrient composition, were statistically evaluated. The plant community in LAH maintains a seasonal growth cycle of onset during late spring–summer and dieback accompanied by decomposed degradation during fall–early winter. The summer peak of aquatic plant biomass and consequent enhancement of photosynthetic intensity induces a pH increase during daytime and carbonate precipitation. Nevertheless, the ecosystem is aerobic and sulfate reduction and H2S concentration are negligible. The Hula reclamation project (HP) is aimed at the improvement of eco-tourism’s integration into management design. The vegetation research confirms habitat enrichment.

Influence of Picea Abies Logs on the Distribution of Vascular Plants in Old-Growth Spruce Forests

The deadwood contributes to an increase in soil heterogeneity due to the changing the microrelief (by the formation of windthrow-soil complexes), as well as changes in physical and chemical characteristics of decaying wood directly during xylolysis. We hypothesized that fallen logs as an element of microrelief influence the species composition and cover structure of vascular plants. We studied the influence of Picea abies (L.) Karst fallen logs of moderate and advanced decay stages on the horizontal distribution and heterogeneity of vascular plant cover in different microsite types (small boreal grass type, blueberry type, small boreal grass-blueberry type, herbs, and blueberry type) in old-growth middle taiga spruce forest in the Kivach State Nature Reserve (Republic of Karelia, Russia). The fallen deadwood acts as a factor of heterogeneity, causing reversible changes in the homogeneity of the original plant cover. The decaying logs influence the horizontal distribution of small herbs by changing the occurrence and density of shoots of Oxalis acetosella L., Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F.W. Schmidt, Vaccinium myrtillus L., and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., as well as the occurrence of Luzula pilosa (L.) Willd. and Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth. Its impact on the heterogeneity parameters can be traced up to 20 cm from the log. The differences in vascular plant cover between fallen logs and the surrounding forest floor depend on the soil conditions of the microsite. The heterogeneity of conditions created by the logs smoothed out with increasing decay class, resulting in decreasing differences in the heterogeneity parameters of vascular plant cover between deadwood and forest floor. The changes in the homogeneity of the initial vascular plant cover by deadwood and the gradual smoothing of heterogeneity between the logs and the forest floor in rich and poor conditions have different, mainly opposite, trends. Finally, the structure of the vegetation cover reaches a state that is typical of particular growth conditions beyond deadwood.

A re-evaluation of the tidal sorting hypothesis of mangrove zonation: propagule specific gravity matters

There is much controversy surrounding factors that affect the distribution of mangrove plants across the intertidal gradient. It was previously hypothesized that mangrove zonation was attributed to tidal sorting (TSH) of its propagules according to size (weight) or differential ability of propagules to establish in deep water. However, observational and experimental evidence have provided little support for the actual mechanism(s) of mangrove zonation. In general, species distribution pattern is the consequence of propagule dispersal. The specific gravity of water-borne mangrove propagules may affect their buoyancy, with inherent links to dispersal, thereby potentially influencing tree zonation. Propagule specific gravity can influence the distribution of mangroves in the context of global change, particularly in response to changes in seawater salinity. In this study, we measured the specific gravity and weight of 35 mangrove species propagules. There was no correlation between the weight of the propagule and its specific gravity. The specific gravity of propagules of true mangrove species was significantly greater than that of semi-mangrove. The results of the correlation between propagule specific gravity and the relative surface elevation of field distribution support the hypothesis that propagules are subject to tidal sorting and are not related to weight but to specific gravity. This newfound understanding of mangrove dispersal and distribution is critical in the context of mangrove protection and restoration, especially in projecting the effects of anthropogenic activities and global change on mangrove communities.

Geographic variation in reproductive traits and germination-niche dynamics in conservation-dependent Banksia arborea populations restricted to banded ironstone formations

The temperature and moisture requirements for reproduction (i.e. seed production and germination) underpin the biogeographical relationships between climate, distribution and population dynamics of plants, particularly narrow range endemic species. We aimed to investigate reproductive outputs and the responses of seeds to temperature and moisture availability across three Banksia arborea populations that are distributed over a narrow range (< 200 km2) of semi-arid habitat on banded ironstone formations of Western Australia. We conducted reproductive trait assessments by quantifying follicles per cone, proportion of viable seed and associated seed mass followed by hydrothermal germination assessments for each population to characterise temperature and water stress tolerance. We found the southern-most population, that receives marginally higher rainfall, had heavier seeds (10 ± 0.02 mg), a cooler optimum temperature (16.1 °C) and wider germination capacity under water stress at 10 °C and 15 °C (Ψb50 = -0.66 to -0.87 MPa) compared to the two northern populations (Ψb50 = -0.60 to -0.65 MPa). By contrast, both northern populations had slightly warmer optimum temperatures for germination (16.9–17.5 °C) and a higher capacity to germinate under water stress at warmer temperatures of 22.5 °C (Ψb50 = -0.43 to -0.56 MPa, compared to -0.29 MPa). Our work highlights that, even within the specific requirements of a narrow range endemic, different populations adapt to marginally different temperature and water stress tolerances. Warming of the southern populations could impact on future recruitment, and conservation action to promote resilient ecosystems are suggested.

The response of ostracod faunal assemblages to hydrology, lake level, and carbon cycling in a Jamaican marl lake: a palaeolimnological investigation

Abstract. Ostracod taxa from shallow freshwater lakes are sensitive to a range of limnological factors including temperature, hydrological habitat, lake level, and the distribution of aquatic plants. Ostracod assemblages preserved in Quaternary lake sediments can be used to reconstruct limnological change and are therefore potentially valuable palaeoenvironmental proxies. However, lack of autecological information about some taxa may limit the validity of such reconstructions. We use fossil ostracod assemblages recovered from radiocarbon-dated late Holocene sediments from Wallywash Great Pond, a small, shallow freshwater lake in southwestern Jamaica, to reconstruct limnological change over the past ∼ 1800 years. We circumvent ongoing taxonomic and ecological uncertainties associated with the identification of fossil ostracod taxa by drawing on observations of the ecology of ostracods found living in Jamaican water bodies. By combining this information with limnological data from the extant lake, and with sedimentological and isotopic data from the lake sediments, we show that a published interpretation of ostracod assemblages for the late Quaternary of Wallywash Great Pond is simplistic, at least for the late Holocene section of the sediment record. We conclude that changes in ostracod assemblages are linked to variations in the input of undersaturated groundwater to the northern part of the lake from which the core was recovered. These variations, which were driven by changes in the precipitation / evaporation ratio (effective moisture), also controlled sedimentation, with reduced effective moisture and a decline in undersaturated groundwater input favouring marl precipitation, whereas organic sediments are linked to increased effective moisture and enhanced groundwater input. Our findings suggest that the dramatic shifts in ostracod assemblages at this site are a complex response to changes in hydrology, sedimentology, and carbonate saturation rather than being a simple indicator of lake-level change. Combining ostracod assemblage data with the results of other palaeolimnological analyses also allows more detailed reconstructions to be made for this lake, and such a multiproxy approach is recommended for similar lakes elsewhere.

Different roads, same destination: The shared future of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology.

Terrestrial water fluxes are substantially mediated by vegetation, while the distribution, growth, health, and mortality of plants are strongly influenced by the availability of water. These interactions, playing out across multiple spatial and temporal scales, link the disciplines of plant ecophysiology and ecohydrology. Despite this connection, the disciplines have provided complementary, but largely independent, perspectives on the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum since their crystallization as modern scientific disciplines in the late 20th century. This review traces the development of the two disciplines, from their respective origins in engineering and ecology, their largely independent growth and maturation, and the eventual development of common conceptual and quantitative frameworks. This common ground has allowed explicit coupling of the disciplines to better understand plant function. Case studies both illuminate the limitations of the disciplines working in isolation, and reveal the exciting possibilities created by consilience between the disciplines. The histories of the two disciplines suggest opportunities for new advances will arise from sharing methodologies, working across multiple levels of complexity, and leveraging new observational technologies. Practically, these exchanges can be supported by creating shared scientific spaces. This review argues that consilience and collaboration are essential for robust and evidence-based predictions and policy responses under global change.

Effect of plant-soil system on the restoration of community stability after wildfire in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Wildfires, as an environmental filter, are pivotal ecological disturbances that reshape plant communities and soil dynamics, playing a crucial role in regulating biogeographic patterns and ecosystem services. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of wildfires on forest ecosystems, specifically focusing on the plant-soil feedback mechanisms within the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Utilizing Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), we investigated the interrelationships among soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, species diversity, and community stability at varying post-fire recovery stages (5, 15, and 23 years). Results indicated that in the early recovery stages, rapid changes in soil properties such as decreased pH (p < 0.001) and increased nutrient availability facilitate the emergence of early successional species with high resource utilization traits. As the ecosystem evolved toward a climax community, the soil and vegetation exhibit increased stability. Furthermore, soil enzyme activities displayed dynamic patterns that corresponded with changes in soil nutrient content, directly influencing the regeneration and diversity of plant communities. Importantly, our study documented a transition in the influence of soil properties on community stability from direct positive effects in initial recovery phases to negative impacts in later stages, while indirect benefits accrue through increased species diversity and enzyme activity. Vegetation composition and structure changed dynamically with recovery time during community succession. Plant nutrient absorption and accumulation affected nutrient dynamics in the soil, influencing plant regeneration, distribution, and diversity. Our results underscore the complex interactions between soil and vegetation that drive the recovery dynamics post-wildfire, highlighting the resilience of forest ecosystems to fire disturbances. This study contributes to the understanding of post-fire recovery processes and offers valuable insights for the management and restoration of fire-affected forest ecosystems.

Research on Sugarcane Recognition based on Joint Spatial and Spectral Information from Satellite-Based Hyperspectral Imagery

Abstract. The total amount of sugarcane planting in China ranks third in the world, and Guangxi is the largest sugarcane planting base in China. In order to help the Guangxi government and industry better understand the annual planting distribution and scale of sugarcane in the whole region, it is convenient to optimize the planting structure and improve the efficiency of resource utilization, so as to ensure the stable development of Guangxi sugar industry. Based on the satellite-based hyperspectral image data of ' Zhuhai No.1 ', this paper carries out sugarcane recognition and area extraction, which fills the application gap of satellite-based hyperspectral image data in extracting sugarcane area in China. A globally optimized extended random walk model was used to identify and extract sugarcane by combining the spatial-spectral information of hyperspectral imagery. Firstly, the Initial probability estimation is performed using the LOR classifier, and then use the data after MNF dimensionality reduction to construct a weighted graph, and finally the probability optimization and recognition are carried out based on the extended random walk model. The results show that the spatial-spectral joint method based on extended random walk can effectively identify sugarcane, and the sugarcane recognition accuracy of 2021 year image can reach 91.4%, the misrecognition rate is 2.8%; the sugarcane recognition accuracy of 2020 year image can reach 90.5 %, the misrecognition rate is 3.1%.

Marketing of processed aren agroindustry (kolang–kaling) rokan hulu district

The purpose of this study was to look at the marketing of processed sugar palm agroindustry (Kolang – Kaling) in Rokan Hulu Regency. This research was carried out by Rokan Hulu Regency because Rokan Hulu Regency is one of the regencies that has a large distribution of palm plants and has developed in the household industry. This research was carried out using a survey method on consumers who consume palm agro-industrial products, namely kolang-kaling. Respondent collection was carried out using the Simple Random Sampling method. The survey was conducted purposively which aimed to find out how the marketing process of kolang-kaling products occurred in Rokan Hulu Regency. The results show the response of consumers to the appearance of the product, packaging that still does not use special packaging, and the absence of product labels. Meanwhile, in terms of price, kolang-kaling follows the prevailing price in the market, which is Rp. 10,000 – 15,000. The distribution of kolang-kaling is carried out to traditional markets only, and promotional activities are still carried out on a limited basis (direct sales).