Distribution Of Ions In Solution Research Articles

Removal of Toxic Heavy Metal Ions (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Hg, and Cd) from Waste Batteries or Lithium Cells Using Nanosized Metal Oxides: A Review.

How to remove harmful heavy metal ions from waste batteries or lithium cells efficiently has been the focus of scholars. More and more metal oxides had been used to deal with the pollution of heavy metal caused by waste batteries in recent years. Nanostructured metal oxides have great potential because of their large comparative areas. The adsorption for these heavy metal ions can be further improved by using modified metal oxides as adsorbents. At present, iron oxide is widely used in this field. Other metal oxides have also been studied in removing these heavy metal ions. Compared to other metal oxides, the adsorbents made of iron oxide are easy to be separated from the reaction system. pH value in the solution can affect the activity of adsorption sites on metal oxides adsorbents and change the distribution of ions in solution. As a result, pH value can significantly influence the adsorption of metal oxides adsorbents for heavy metal ions from waste batteries or lithium cells.

Highly defined, colloid-like ionic clusters in solution.

Many societal challenges at the beginning of the 21st century lead to an apparent and growing need for functional materials and novel ways of materials synthesis and assembly. Rising to the challenge, the utilization of small, self-assembling building blocks for the bottom-up construction of new types of polymers and nanostructures has enjoyed increasing popularity among materials researchers in the recent past. Supramolecular materials like foldamers, surface films, nanoparticles, etc. are created by exploiting noncovalent forces [1] leading to an ordered arrangement of nanoscale building blocks. [2] In the search for new polymers based on noncovalent molecular forces, we are motivated by the idea of supramolecular or even polymer-like structures by self-assembly of small ionic monomers, merely formed from electrostatic and solvent interactions. We, in particular, focus on applying intrinsically nondirected electrostatic interactions to create nonetheless wellorganized supramolecular structures. [3] To achieve this aim, we

Interface tension of silica hydroxylated nanoparticle with brine: A combined experimental and molecular dynamics study

We have used molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the interfacial tension of hydroxylated SiO(2) nanoparticles under different temperatures and solutions (helium and brine with monovalent and divalent salts). In order to benchmark the atomistic model, quartz SiO(2) interfacial tension was measured based on inverse gas chromatography under He atmosphere. The experimental interfacial tension values for quartz were found between 0.512 and 0.617 N/m. Our calculated results for the interfacial tension of silica nanoparticles within helium atmosphere was 0.676 N/m, which is higher than the value found for the system containing He∕α-quartz (0.478 N/m), but it is similar to the one found for amorphous silica surface. We have also studied the interfacial tension of the nanoparticles in electrolyte aqueous solution for different types and salts concentrations (NaCl, CaCl(2), and MgCl(2)). Our calculations indicate that adsorption properties and salt solutions greatly influence the interfacial tension in an order of CaCl(2) > MgCl(2) > NaCl. This effect is due to the difference in distribution of ions in solution, which modifies the hydration and electrostatic potential of those ions near the nanoparticle.

Surface pH and stability of oil‐water emulsions derived from laurate solutions

AbstractEmulsion stability, electrophoretic mobility, and interfacial tension of chloroform, cyclohexane, and n‐hexadecane‐potassium laurate solution were determined as a function of acidification by concentrated HCl. The stability of these emulsions were related to the presence or absence of lauric acid at the interface. It was found that a lauric acid‐laurate interfacial film was responsible for the enhanced stability in the case of cyclohexane and n‐hexadecane emulsions, while no such mixed film existed in the case of chloroform. The interfacial ionization markedly affects the distribution of ions in solution closer to the interface. The concept of surface pH was applied. Differences of up to 2 pH units between bulk and surfaces were found with these systems. Both cyclohexane and hexadecane have major stability peaks which lie at ca. the same surface pH of 5.9 ± 0.2, irrespective of the initial potassium laurate concentration or bulk pH. It is concluded that the stability of these emulsions can be explained when the role played by the interfacial ionization is taken into consideration.

The Distribution of Ions in Solutions of Weak Electrolytes

The Distribution of Ions in Solutions of Weak Electrolytes