Distribution Of Congenital Malformations Research Articles

Association of Congenital Anomalies in Newborns with Maternal and Fetal Factors in North Gujarat Region, India: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Background: Approximately 8 to 15% of perinatal deaths and 13 to 16% of neonatal deaths in India are a result of congenital anomalies. The objective of the research was to study incidence of clinically detectable congenital malformations in newborns delivered at secondary and tertiary hospitals and their association with maternal and fetal factors. Material and methods: This study include all new-borns delivered at secondary and tertiary care hospitals in the Mehsana districts of Gujarat, India from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021. A total of 6900 consecutive births were examined for visible structural anomalies to determine the overall incidence and distribution of congenital malformations and their association with feto-maternal factors. Results: Total numbers of malformed babies were 90 with incidence of 1.30%. Incidence of malformed babies was 1.54% among mother in the age group of 21-35 years, 3.57% among mother with consanguineous marriage, and 6.67.% among mothers with severe anemia. The incidence was 0.97% in babies <1500 birth weight, 0.97% among live births and 12.5% among preterm babies. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies in newborns are significantly associated with maternal factors like maternal age, consanguinity, previous child with malformation, history of previous abortion and severe anemia and fetal factors such as stillbirth, premature babies, and low birth weight.

The Distribution of Congenital Malformations in Adolescent Pregnancies: A Single Tertiary Center Experience in Turkey

Objective: Adolescent pregnancies are more severe and dangerous for both mother and baby than adult pregnancies. Low birth weight, infections, intrauterine growth restriction, sudden infant death syndrome, and death risk are higher in neonates of adolescent pregnant women. Besides, anomalies of central nervous, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems are also seen frequently. The purpose of this study is to investigate congenital malformations of infants born from adolescent mothers. In this study, malformations were grouped according to the systems.
 Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 166 pregnant women aged 18 and under who had fetal anomaly were included in the study and their charts reviewed. Descriptive information about the adolescents and information about the fetuses and anomalies were recorded. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were calculated as frequency and percentage.
 Results: The most common anomalies were the central nervous (40.5%), cardiovascular (15.8%), and urinary (10.8%) system. The anomalies related to the skin and phalanges, including the face, accounted for 8.1% of the cases. Ventricular dilatation (10,4%), neural tube defect (7,2%), and hydrocephalus (7,2%) were the most common abnormalities of the central nervous system. Ventricular septal defect (5,9%), pulmonary artery anomaly (2,7%), and tricuspid valve anomaly (2,3%) were the most common cardiovascular system anomalies. Intrauterine growth restriction (3,6%), pleural effusion/hydrothorax (3,2%), pes equinovarus (2,7%), diaphragmatic hernia (2,3%), cystic hygroma (2,3%), oligohydramnios (2,3%), polyhydramnios (2,3%), and cleft palate/lip (2,3%) were the most common anomalies among the other system and organ anomalies.
 Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy was partially associated with an increased risk of severe neonatal anomalies especially in the central nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary systems. Pediatric health care providers should have a low threshold for suspecting pregnancy in adolescents.

Incidence and distribution of congenital malformations in newborns: a hospital based study

Background: It is considered that the congenital disorders are not a public health problem among the developing countries, however, over the recent years, they are actually experiencing a transition in the epidemiology like significant reduction in infant mortality rates, decline in infections and malnutrition and also a relative rise in morbidity as well as mortality due to the congenital malformations. Present study describes the incidence and distribution of congenital malformations in newborns during the study period at Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Methods: This study was a hospital based cross sectional study. Seven thousand and twelve (7012) babies born over a period extending from 1 st March 1994 to 31 st April 1995 at Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra were studied for congenital malformations diagnosed clinically within 3 days of life. Both major and minor malformations were recorded. Minor variations such as capillary haemangioma, mongolian spots, superficial sacral dimples, small umbilical hernias, saddle nose, mild bowing of tibia and hydrocele of the testis were not considered as malformation. Results: Out of 7012 subjects, 66 newborns (0.94%) were found to be affected with congenital malformations. There was no statistically significant difference between the incidence of congenital malformations in males and females with a male: female ratio of 0.97:1. Central nervous system malformations were the most common and found in 51.66% cases. There was statistically significant higher rate of congenital malformations among stillborn babies (8.54%) as compared to live born babies (0.62%) with a p value less than 0.05. Out of 66 newborns with congenital malformations, 19 newborns had other birth defects apart from the congenital malformation. Conclusions: Congenital malformations were noted in 0.94% of the newborns at the tertiary care hospital and central nervous system malformations were the most common.

MAGNITUDE OF BIRTH DEFECTS IN ELBASAN REGION, ALBANIA, FOR THE PERIOD 2003-2013

BACKGROUND: Birth defects are a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Albania, similar to the situation observed in other post-communist countries in Europe. Our aim was to describe the magnitude and distribution of birth defects in Elbasan region, a rather polluted area in transitional Albania. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Elbasan region covering the period 2003-2013. The information for the period 2003-2009 was available from the Albanian Ministry of Health, whereas the information for the period 2010-2013 was based on the national surveillance system on congenital malformations which was established in Albania in 2009. Cox-Stuart test was used to assess the linear trend in the increase of birth defects in Elbasan region for the period 2003-2013. Conversely, Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the distribution of birth defects by socio-demographic characteristics and birth-related factors for the period 2010-2013. RESULTS: Overall, there was evidence of an increase in the rate of birth defects n Elbasan region from 1.1/1000 births (in 2003) to 8.7/1000 births (in 2013). The trend over time was inconsistent notwithstanding the evidence of a borderline statistical significance (linear trend: P=0.063). During 2010-2013, there was evidence of an increase over time regarding the proportion of newborns with birth defects pertinent to rural areas of Elbasan region (P=0.04), but no relationship with mothers’ age or educational level, duration of pregnancy, and newborns’ sex or birth weight. CONCLUSION: Our study provides useful evidence on the magnitude and distribution of congenital malformations in Elbasan region, which consists of a highly polluted area in post-communist Albania. Health professionals in Albania and other transitional settings should be aware of the means of treatment and especially prevention of birth defects. Keywords: Albania, birth defects, congenital malformations, Elbasan, surveillance system

Hypospadias in British Columbia.

The British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry (BCHSR) records the frequency, incidence, and distribution of congenital malformations and other disabilities among individuals within the province using multiple sources of ascertainment. The most important sources of ascertainment for this study were Physician's Notice of Birth forms and discharge diagnosis from all hospitals in the province on children 7 years old or younger. These data were used to determine the minimal incidence of hypospadias with and without other congenital anomalies in order to provide information useful in management and to establish baseline prevalence data on a common genital malformation. In addition, incidence over time was evaluated. The study found the minimal incidence of hypospadias in British Columbia to be 4.44 per 1,000 male live births (1,314 cases out of 295,656 male live births) during 1966-1981. This is in the previously reported range of the incidence of hypospadias (2-8.2 per 1,000 male live births). Hypospadias was the only malformation in almost 80% of all individuals identified. The most frequent additional anomalies involved the genital and inguinal regions (7.2% of all cases or 36% of cases with additional anomalies). Cardiac lesions were the next most common anomalies, representing 14% of those cases with additional anomalies. Limb malformations and gastrointestinal anomalies were also quite common, representing 12.1% and 9.1% of cases of hypospadias with additional anomalies, respectively. Thus, 1 in 225 males born in British Columbia has some degree of hypospadias, and 20% of these infants also have at least one other anomaly.

Oestriol excretion in pregnant diabetics related to long-term prognosis of surviving children.

ABSTRACT Urinary 24-hour oestriol excretion in pregnant diabetics were studied in 154 pregnancies resulting in 158 surviving children. Subnormal oestriol levels were found in 33 pregnancies associated with low birth weight, but otherwice widely independent on pre- and perinatal factors. Results of follow-up study of the complete infant material at ages varying from 1 8/12 to 10 1/12 years were related to maternal oestriol excretion levels in relevant pregnancies. The incidence of children with major abnormalities in the subnormal oestriol group (39.4 %) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in the normal oestriol group (16.0 %). The incidence of cerebral damaged children in the subnormal oestriol group (51.5%) was significantly higher (P <0.01) than in the normal oestriol group (22.4 %). There was no significant difference in distribution of congenital malformations. Correlations of maternal White class, pre- and perinatal complications and birth weight with oestriol levels and results of follow-up study reflected the distribution in the total series with higher incidence of abnormal children in the subnormal oestriol fractions.