Distribution Of Blood Products Research Articles

An Overview Of Temperature And Quality Of Packed Red Cell (PRC) Components Based On Distance And Delivery Time

The Indonesian Red Cross is responsible for the distribution of blood products to hospital blood banks. The daily blood distribution route will vary due to the fact that the number of blood requests and the number of hospital blood banks vary on a daily basis. The implementation of a cold chain system is one method of optimizing blood distribution and transportation activities. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the temperature and quality of PRC components in relation to their delivery time and distance. This research method is quantitative-descriptive. The population of this study consisted of all blood that was donated to the hospital blood bank in Sidoarjo Regency between October and November 2022. The blood sample used in this study was collected from the UDD PMI Sidoarjo Regency. The sampling technique of accidental sampling would be employed to visually identify the quality of PRC and temperature. The results of this study indicated that 460 PRC bags were delivered to three hospital blood banks in the UDD PMI Sidoarjo Regency. The PRC did not experience lysis, and 50 bags (10.86%) of the 460 PRC bags experienced a temperature change of over 10 °C. Conclusion: The temperature of the dropped PRC components is influenced by the delivery time and distance. The SOP must be strictly adhered to by all officers who distribute and transport blood to guarantee that the quality of the blood remains in good condition.

PERANCANGAN STRATEGI MITIGASI RISIKO DAN KEY RISK INDICATORS PADA BLOOD SUPPLY CHAIN PMI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

The concept of blood supply chain is distribute blood products safely, cheaply, and accessible to patients. There are four main activities in the blood supply chain, namely blood collection, blood processing, laboratory testing, and storage and distribution of blood products. The current development of PMI Gunungkidul Regency in carrying out its duties is still hampered by several things caused by risks, one of which is supply and demand uncertainty. In 2021, the blood supply at PMI will still experience a crisis of decreasing by 20%-30%, while the demand for blood from hospitals continues to exist and fluctuates. Based on the results of House of Risk Phase 1, there are 10 dominant risks that affect the blood supply chain. The results of the House of Risk Phase 2 resulted in preventative action to handle the 10 dominant risks. Apart from that, the results of the key risk indicators (KRI) are used as an early warning system for PMI Gunungkidul Regency. Implementation of preventive actions that have been designed and implemented key risk indicators, namely the number of blood bag supplies per month with a limit value of 79 blood bags and 399 blood bags.

Development and Implementation of a Standard Operating Procedure for Military Working Dog Blood Collection, Storage, and Transport.

Military working canines are critical assets and force multipliers for the Joint Force. Most often deployed forward of Role 2 assets, they are reliant on non-veterinary resources when wounded, ill, or injured in an operational environment. Hemorrhagic shock is the most prevalent form of shock seen in battlefield injuries and is most effectively treated with whole blood transfusion. Dogs cannot be transfused with human blood and there is no formal Department of Defense (DoD) canine blood product distribution system to operational settings. A walking blood bank is helpful when multiple dogs are geographically co-located and the resource can be provided to an injured patient quickly. In areas as widely dispersed as the Horn of Africa, the likelihood of co-location is slim and delaying this vital resource can mean the difference between life and death. Therefore, personnel at the Role 2 facility in Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti, filled a critical capability gap for the operational area by producing a local canine whole blood bank with distribution to multiple countries. This protocol can be replicated by other locations to improve medical readiness for the working canines who serve to maintain DoD Force Protection.

Blood Products Wastage in Benghazi Hospitals, Libya: The Rate and Causes

Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Despite the rising demand for blood and blood products, supplies are limited. Limiting blood wastage may compensate for fewer donors. This study examines blood waste in Benghazi. A close look at blood and blood product distribution can reveal areas of frequent wastage and the primary factors contributing of blood waste. This would aid in the development of waste prevention programs and raise awareness of the issue. Physicians, laboratory professionals and nurses can follow blood transfusion guidelines. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate of blood products wastage and identify the causes of Wastage in Benghazi hospitals in Libya. Methods/Case Report Materials and Methods: Data for this retrospective study describes the blood components utilization or waste for two years: 2015 and 2016 were obtained from hospital blood bank records of all public and private hospitals that Benghazi central blood bank supply with blood and blood components. Descriptive statistical methods analyzed the data. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Results: In 2015 and 2016, Benghazi central blood bank supplied hospitals with 73511 units of blood. 35107(47.8%) were transfused. Wasted or discarded 33318(45.4)units. No data was available for 5086 units(6.8%). The most frequently wasted component was PRBCs(87%) followed by platelets(8%) and FFP(6%). The major cause of wastage for PRBCs is over-ordering (70.2%) followed by outdated units(18.5%), Returned after 30 minutes of issue (0.6%), Kept more than 3daysand expired(0.6%) and Issued to other hospitals(10.1%). The main cause of wastage for platelets is over-ordering (89%), and inappropriate ordering is the most common cause of waste of FFP(85%). PRBCs waste was mostly found in the surgical department, mainly obstetric(24%). For platelets, waste was mostly found in the hematology department(32%). for FFP, waste was mostly found in ER(47.1%). Conclusion The main cause of blood and blood component wastage is the unnecessary ordering of blood products. The most blood component discarded is PRBCs. Physicians are the most responsible for blood and blood component wastage. The blood ordering pattern needs to be revised, and the over-ordering of blood and blood component should be minimized. Medical staff must be educated to reduce blood wastage. Every hospital should implement a hospital transfusion committee to develop local guidelines and policies to monitor the rational use of blood and blood component.

Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule in Orthopedic Department at UNAIR Hospital January-June 2021

Excessive ordering of blood components causes problems such as a lack of proper distribution of blood products between centers, increased costs, and workload of blood banks. Effective use of MSBOS will reduce the cross-match of patient blood samples and reduce unnecessary testing. This is also expected as a way to improve the quality of health services at UNAIR Hospital and reduce patient treatment costs. This study aimed to find out the MSBOS profile for orthopedic surgery at UNAIR Hospital in the period January-June 2021. This study is a cross-sectional study with a sample of orthopedic patients at UNAIR Hospital. The period was 6 months (January-June 2021). Cross-match to Transfusion Ratio (CTR), transfusion probability, and transfusion index calculations were carried out so that MSBOS could be formulated. A total of 33 units of blood were cross-matched from 21 patients in this study, whereas only 5 units of blood were transfused to 4 patients. It was found that 7 out of 8 types of surgeries had a CTR value of more than 2, a total of 6 types of surgeries had a low transfusion probability (below 30), and 6 types of surgeries had a TI below 0.5. In Total Hip Replacement (THR) and ORIF plating symphysis surgery, it is recommended that 2 units of blood be MSBOS, while for others, Group, Screen, Hold (GSH) is recommended. Further research with larger samples is needed to obtain more accurate results.

Significance of Detecting Antierythrocyte Antibodies in Pretransfusion Testing.

Transfusion treatment during life, as well as pregnancy in women, can stimulate the sensitization of the person who received blood, which after the transfusion of blood products can result in the occurrence of moderate to very severe posttransfusion reactions. The aim of this study was to examine the specificity and frequency of antierythrocyte antibodies during the pretransfusion treatment of patients depending on the gender, to determine the origin of antibodies in patients serum, as well as to examine their clinical significance. Retrospective analysis of documentation was performed in the Department for Pretransfusion Testing, therapy and distribution of blood products, Polyclinic for Transfusion, UKC Tuzla. Data was analyzed by reviewing the written and electronic documentation from the period of 5 years (2018-2022). A retrospective analysis of 378 procedures for the identification of antierythrocyte antibodies was performed. It was evident that 140 of all detected antibodies belonged to the Rh-system (66.7%), of which 32.4% were anti RhD-antibodies, 20% anti Rh-E, anti Rh-c 7.1%, and in a low percent of anti-C, anti-e and anti-Cw antibodies. Combinations of anti-D and anti-C antibodies showed the highest frequency (34.2%), followed by a combination of anti-E and anti-c antibodies (21%). Pretransfusion testing represents a very important link in the safety of the use of blood. The identification of antierythrocyte antibodies and the use of phenotyped blood products significantly reduces the risk of posttransfusion reactions and facilitates the implementation of the safe blood policy.

Crossmatch to Transfusion Ratio (C/T Ratio) Komponen Darah WB dan PRC di RSUD Kabupaten Brebes

A crossmatch test between patient and donor’s blood must be carried out before blood transfusion. However, not all crossmatched blood will be transfused to the patient. This indicates inappropriate distribution of blood products, blood wastage, inaccessibility of blood for emergency patients, increased costs, and increased workload for staff. Crossmatch to Transfusion Ratio (C/T Ratio) is used as an indicator to determine the efficiency of blood use and can serve as a guide to anticipate excessive blood demand. This study aims to determine C/T Ratio score of blood components WB and PRC in the Brebes Regency Hospital 2021. This research is a descriptive study with a retrospective approach. Sampling was done using total sampling technique. Data was obtained from the blood requests recapitulation book in Brebes Regency Hospital’s Blood Bank 2021. The result showed there were 47 units WB crossmatched and 34 units (72%) transfused. There were 4589 units PRC crossmatched and 4369 units (95%) transfused. The C/T Ratio score of WB is 1.38. The C/T Ratio score of PRC is 1.05. The overall C/T Ratio score is 1.05.

Distribution of pre- and mid-pandemic transfusions by blood types

Introduction: COVID-19 disease spread rapidly worldwide, causing a pandemic. In this study, we aimed to explore the distribution of blood products in our blood center before and during the pandemic by blood type.
 Material and Method: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 4,271 blood products (1,290 patients) transfused before and during the pandemic through the medical records of Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital Blood Transfusion Center. Moreover, we investigated the associations between transfusions and age, sex, blood type, and COVID-19 infection.
 Results: The findings revealed that the majority of the patients receiving transfusions both before and during the pandemic were A Rh (+) (41.4%). Besides, the rates of those with O Rh (+) were 28.8% and 28.7% during the pandemic. In addition, 37 products (28 erythrocyte suspensions, 7 fresh frozen plasma, 2 pooled platelet suspensions) were transfused on 17 patients with confirmed COVID-19.
 Conclusion: Transfusions have an important place in the treatment of critically ill patients. The blood type A Rh (+) was previously shown to be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. In this study, although we realized that products of blood type A were mostly used in general transfusions, transfusions in the pandemic were performed predominantly with blood products of infected patients with blood type O. The modern world is more likely to encounter further pandemics in the future. We think that each region should evaluate its own centers.

Development of a scenario-based blood bank model to maximize reducing the blood wastage.

Blood is a valuable as well as a perishable commodity that has a limited lifespan. So, keeping it in a blood bank requires careful attention and management. In this study, a management model has been designed for the blood bank that can cover all the requests sent through the hospital subunits in such a way that it has the least waste. First, by examining the blood inventory system of a hospital, the number of inventories per month and the distribution of blood products in subunits of the hospital, and the amount of blood wastage every six months were estimated. Then, using ARENA simulation, all parts of the blood bank, including the request section, emergency blood section, donated blood section, and other sections were simulated. Finally, 10 scenarios were extracted by placing various parameters and the best scenarios were discussed and concluded. The scenarios for the four blood groups included A, B, AB, and O were applied for six months in one year. The results showed that if the amount of blood injected into the blood bank is appropriate and at the right time, the amount of wastage can be reduced by up to 80% for most of the blood groups. The results of this study showed that if the system of receiving blood products built upon a precise management model is predetermined and placed with appropriate parameters, the amount of wastage will be reduced to the minimum possible number.

Descriptive Analysis of Blood Product Administration in Air Medical Trauma Patients

<h3>Objectives</h3> Early administration of blood products is associated with improved survival from traumatic injury. Helicopters have the ability to initiate infusion of blood products in the out-of-hospital environment, but the experience of air medical blood product administration is not well characterized. The objective of this analysis is to describe the experience of a large air medical service with out-of-hospital administration of blood products. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a descriptive study with a secondary cohort analysis. This study was conducted over a two-year period (2019-2020) in a large air medical company. A total of 139 bases had access to blood products at some interval during the study period. Subjects for this analysis included all trauma patients receiving one or more of the following blood products in the out-of-hospital setting: packed red blood cells (PRBCs), whole blood (WB), fresh-frozen or liquid plasma (plasma), platelets. Data collected for each subject included: demographics, scene/interfacility, blood products administered, and vital signs before and after blood product administration. Data were presented descriptively. In addition, initial and final vital signs were compared to assess the effect of blood product administration. Finally, we compared scene calls to interfacility transports with regard to demographic data, blood product administration, and vital signs. Descriptive data were reported using mean or frequency with 95% confidence intervals. T-testing and chi-square analysis were used for all comparisons, with statistical significance set for p<0.05. <h3>Results</h3> Over the two-year study period, a total of 1587 trauma patients [1504 adult, 83 pediatric] receiving out-of-hospital blood products were identified for analysis. These included 1010 scene calls and 577 interfacility transports. A total of 1152 patients (72.6%) were male. The distribution of blood products included: 647 patients (40.8%) received PRBCs alone; 65 patients (4.1%) received WB alone; 312 patients (19.7%) received plasma alone; 544 patients (34.3%) received PRBCs/plasma; 2 patients (0.1%) received WB/PRBCs; 3 patients (0.2%) received WB/plasma; 6 patients (0.4%) received platelets alone; 5 patients (0.3%) received platelets/PRBCs; 3 patients (0.2%) received PRBCs/plasma/platelets. Interfacility transport patients were more likely than scene call patients to receive PRBCs. An increase in blood pressure (+4 mmHg) and decrease in heart rate (-8 beats/min) were observed following blood product administration. A greater improvement in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate were observed for scene call versus interfacility patients following blood administration. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Blood product administration appears to be an important component of air medical transport, with substantial number of trauma patients receiving some combination of PRBCs, WB, plasma, and platelets. Improvements in vital signs were observed, particularly in scene call patients. These data give valuable insight into the out-of-hospital administration of blood products by air medical providers.

A Mixed Integer Programming Optimization of Blood Plasma Supply Chain in the Uncertainty Conditions during COVID‐19: A Real Case in Iran

Blood and its products, like plasma, are among the most sensitive products for the sake of transportation and storage. Special storage conditions, short shelf life, and lack of particular demand for blood products are among the most significant challenges to managing it. In this respect, it is necessary to implement the problem of supply chain network design in uncertain conditions to find a proper solution for the management of blood products. In this study, a multilevel supply chain is designed to supply plasma in the COVID‐19 pandemic. First, the blood is sent to blood donation centers and then to the laboratory. Moreover, after that, it is sent to hospitals. To optimize the transfer rate at each level of the supply chain, a mathematical model is proposed to reduce total costs. Also, the fuzzy programming approach is used to deal with uncertainty in the parameters of the mathematical model. The results of model optimization show that this mathematical model has the required efficiency in finding optimal solutions for the distribution of blood products. According to the obtained results, value objective function in certain and uncertain values is determined. According to the results, the objective certain value is lower than the uncertain value. Uncertain value calculated is of three dimensions. According to this, the categorized objective value increased when the dimension is equal to 0.5. Finally, it shows that when demand increases, more blood and plasma need to be collected to meet the demand, which increases operating and health testing costs and ultimately increases total system costs.

Scheduling the distribution of blood products: A vendor-managed inventory routing approach

Blood shortage may lead to immeasurable losses. But the perishable nature of blood products limits the possibility of storing a large amount of it, and the quality of blood products reduces rapidly with transportation time. Specifically, in China, the management of blood products is even more complicated due to the significant demand for clinical blood, which increases every single year because of the reformation of the health system and the resulting scale expansion of hospitals. In this research, we aim to optimize the blood product scheduling scheme by constructing a vendor-managed inventory routing problem (VMIRP) for blood products, which balances the supply and demand such that the relevant operational cost is minimized. Then a decomposition-based algorithm is developed to solve the proposed mathematical model efficiently. Based on a series of numerical experiments of platelets, we obtain and examine the distribution plan and optimal transportation path over the planning horizon. In addition to the illustrated high algorithm efficiency, the computation results show that the VMIRP scheme can considerably decrease the operational cost of the blood supply chain.

Acil Serviste Kan Transfüzyonu Yapılan Hastaların Özellikleri

Bu çalışmanın amacı acil serviste kan ve kan ürünleri transfüzyonu yapılan hastaların transfüzyon sonrası değişim verilerin incelenmesi amacıyla prospektif olarak incelemektir. Bu çalışma Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi acil servisine başvuran hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetleri, şikayetleri, muayene bulguları, kan grupları, verilen kan ürünleri ve ünitelerinin dağılımı, transfüzyon öncesi ve sonrası hemoglobin(Hb), hematokrit(Hct) değerleri incelenerek yapıldı. Çalışmaya 92 hasta alınmış olup hastaların %56,5’u 65 yaş ve üzerindeydi. %59,8’i kadındı. %44,6 ile en fazla “halsizlik”şikayeti vardı. Muayenede hastaların %17,4’inde melena %14,1’inde hematokezya vardı. Hastaların %40,2’si anemi ve %35,9’u Gastrointestinal Sistem(GİS) kanaması tanısı almıştı. Hastalar en fazla %45,7 ile A RH+ ve %29,3 ile 0 RH + kan gruplarına sahipti. Hastaların %94,6’sına eritrosit süspansiyonu (ES) ve %5,4’üne ES+ taze donmuş plazma(TDP) transfüzyonu yapıldı. Hastaların %46,7’sine iki ünite ES ve %40,2’sine bir ünite ES verildi. Yaş gruplarının transfüzyon öncesi Hb değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark yokken ( p=0,879), transfüzyon sonrası istatistiksel olarak önemli fark olduğu bulundu (p=0,003). ES transfüzyonu sonrası hastaların %58,2’si beklenen Hb değerine ve %50,0’si beklenen Hct değerlerine ulaşmıştı. Yaş, cinsiyet ve tanıya göre beklenen Hb ve Hct düzeylerine ulaşma durumları arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli fark yoktu (p&amp;gt;0,05). Transfüzyon öncesi ve sonrası hastaların nabız, tansiyon ve ateş gibi vital bulgularında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu (p&amp;gt;0,05), ancak Hb, Hct, MCV ve MCH’de önemli artış vardı (p&amp;lt;0,05). Çalışma sonunda acil serviste yapılan kan ve kan ürünü transfüzyonları incelendiğinde düşünülenin aksine travmaya bağlı acil transfüzyon değil de en fazla GİS kanama ve anemiye bağlı transfüzyon yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Modeling a production-inventory-routing problem of blood products using heuristic solution methods

Blood and blood products are vital resources for the surgery and the treatment of certain diseases. As a scarce and perishable resource, they require sophisticated management to minimize waste in order to address this challenge, the present study revolves around the idea of the management of the pr oduction, supply and distribution of blood products. In this research, two questions of robust and flexible have been investigated for the production, inventory and routing blood products. The flexibility is incorporated into the problem through introducing the possibility of sharing inventory among network entities by transferring blood products between hospitals and also the possibility of meeting a blood group’s need with another compatible blood type or replacement. The problem is then solved by heuristic (local search) and meta-heuristic (Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS)) algorithms, which are the methods of choice in particular for NP-hard problems. Finally, the results obtained from the two algorithms are compared it is shown that the heuristic algorithm outperforms the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) in both models, that can lead to reduction is cost and required transitions.

Determining Model for Maximum Blood Request (MSBOS) for Surgery: An Elective Surgery in Imam Ali Hospital, Zahedan, Iran

Background: Nowadays, excessive blood intake is one of the most common problems in educational hospitals, causing issues such as the lack of proper distribution of blood products among centres, increases in costs and blood bank workloads. So, programs such as a Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule (MSBOS) were introduced to design a blood ordering schedule, which is a guide to normal transfusion needs for common surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sampling method was designed and distributed among all sectors of the hospital. Each sector according to the demand for blood and cross-matched transfused units entered the rate of wasted and unused blood bags on the related forms. This study was performed on 1568 patients, of whom 562 (35/84%) were given blood transfusions. Results: The aim of this study was to determine the pattern for the maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) for elective surgical procedures/in elective surgery cases in Imam Ali Hospital, Zahedan. This study was performed on 1568 patients, of whom 562 (35/84%) were given blood transfusions. The mean C/T ratio was 1.61 ± 0.99, the mean TI was 0.61 ± 0.38, and the mean T index was 36.4 ± 30.16%. Conclusion: In general, only 55% of the blood units were used. Hernia surgery, thyroidectomy, and patients with renal problems had the greatest number of wasted units. Therefore, according to the results, indications of blood donation should be made correctly by health care personnel in all patients requiring a blood transfusion, and if there is an increased number of indications, packed cells are requested.

Blood supply chain risks in disasters - a fault tree analysis approach

Timely delivering of the required blood and blood products to beneficiaries is one of the most critical issues during disaster strikes. Risks are the events that can interrupt the process and hinder the blood supply chains from attaining their predetermined goals. In this paper, we designed a process map that shows the workflow of the blood supply chain visually from donation to the distribution of blood products to the hospital. Then, the risks associated with each activity of the main processes identified. By aggregation of expert judgments using the fuzzy Delphi method, the final list of risks extracted. Then the identified risks were classified and consequently, by using fault tree analysis (FTA), the probability of failure in the blood supply chain in each main level calculated. Findings can help related organisations to manage the risks better and design effective mitigation plans.

Legal Principles Governing the Production and Distribution of Blood

&lt;p&gt;Use of blood and its derivatives has a special place in ensuring the health of citizens. In recent years, due to risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, followed by risk of serious and incurable diseases such as for people in need AIDS, hepatitis B, C and etc., consumers have been prompted to refer to the courts for litigation and justice. It should be noted that the state, as an exercise of sovereignty and trustee of the exclusive production and distribution of blood products, produce commodities with inevitable insecurity. In this regard, it must observe safety obligations and provide information and warnings to the public in relation to the delayed complications of transfusion medicine. According to existing laws, law doctrine, and judicial procedures, Blood Transfusion Organization and the Center for Blood Research and Fractionation are working under the supervision of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. In the case of failure tocompliance with the obligations, the state is obliged to compensate the physical, moral, and material damages to victims despite the governmental nature of action, article 11 of the law of civil liability, and in relation to the State Immunity to compensate for the loss of the exercise of sovereignty. Thus, it is possible to execute justice for these people through the legal courts based on the inherent competence of the courts in form of complaint according to additional and exceptional competence of criminal authorities.&lt;/p&gt;

Transfusion Reactions as an Indicator of Service Quality of Blood Transfusion in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar Bali-Indonesia

Background: One of the fatal side effects of transfusion is transfusion reactions. The incidence of transfusion reaction in Sanglah Hospital is still relatively high and far from national target which is 0.01%. To achieve the target of quality, it is necessary to set up an active program so that the number of incidence of transfusion reactions can be decreased. Methods: Pre and post test interventional study was conducted for 6 months in Sanglah Hospital Bali. All nurses in wards which is blood product frequently used was involved in this study. The intervention in this study was in the form of education and training programs on the application of the closed system and cold chain in the distribution of blood products as well as improved service system. Results: The results showed a decline in the incidence of transfusion reactions occurred every month during the study. The incidence of transfusion reactions occurred each month was 0.77%, 0.56%, 0.5%, 0.49%, 0.45% and 0.38% respectively. The average reduction in the incidence of transfusion reactions was 0.08% every month. The type of transfusion reaction that occurred was 59% urticaria, 29% fever, 7% shortness of breath, 4% fever and chills, and 1% shock. Conclusion: Education and training programs on the application of the cold chain system and closed system in the distribution of blood products as well as the improvement of service system helped reduce the number of the incidence of transfusion reactions in Sanglah Hospital Bali.

Hémovigilance et sécurité transfusionnelle en opération extérieure

The French military blood institute (FMBI) is the only military blood supplier in France. FMBI operates independently and autonomously under the Ministry of Defense's supervision, and accordingly, to the French, European and NATO technical and safety guidelines. FMBI is in charge of the collection, preparation and distribution of blood products to supply transfusion support to armed forces, especially during overseas operations. In overseas military, a primary physician is responsible for haemovigilance in permanent relation with an expert in the FMBI to manage any adverse reaction. Additionally, traceability of delivered or collected blood products during overseas operation represents a priority, allowing an appropriate management of transfusion inquiries and assessment of practices aiming to improve and update procedures and training. Transfusion safety in overseas operation is based on regular and specific training of people concerned by blood supply chain in exceptional situation.

Traçabilité des produits sanguins labiles au Maroc : expérience de l’hôpital Ibn-Sina de Rabat entre 1999 et 2010

Purpose of studyThe blood transfusion and haemovigilance service of the Ibn-Sina hospital in Rabat (Morocco) was created 1997. This unit manages the pretransfusional tests, distribution of blood products, traceability and haemovigilance. The objective of this study was to analyze, over a period of 12years, the traceability of blood products delivered in our hospital and the measures used to improve feedback information. Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective study conducted between 1999 and 2010. Traceability rate was calculated from the feedback of traceability forms supplied with blood products (number of blood products noted on traceability forms on the total number of delivered product). To improve traceability rate, several actions were undertaken: one-time training, awareness campaigns and call phones asking for feedback information. ResultsBetween 1999 and 2010, the service has delivered 173,858 blood products. The average rate of traceability during this period was 13.4 %. Traceability rate varies widely over time (5.2 % in 1999, 15.5 % in 2010) and shows a maximum value of 27.2 % in 2005. Feedback information is lower in emergency departments than in medical and surgical services. ConclusionFeedback information about traceability in Ibn-Sina hospital remains very poor despite the measures used. Other actions, such as continuous education courses, low enforcement and informatisation should be considered.