The number of active centers of disperse aluminum powder is determined by the spectrophotometric method using the Hammett indicators in the range of pKa values of 0.3 to 14.2; alteration of the distribution of the donor-acceptor sites on the surface as a result of the adsorption of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) from the gas phase is studied. The curves of the distribution of adsorption sites of aluminum-based powders are built depending on the ionization constant pKa of the indicators. A sharp decrease in the number of active sites in the Lewis acid sites region is detected for Al/(A + T) sample, where alkamon (A) and triamon (T) are jointly adsorbed. The number of sites is halved at pKa =–0.3, 5, and 9.5. We reveal that the antifriction effect of a lubricant is enhanced as the acidity of the surface of the powder with the adsorbed quaternary ammonium compounds is decreased.