Territorial Distribution Research Articles

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ВОЗДУШНОГО БАССЕЙНА ЗАПАДНО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article is devoted to spatial analysis of atmospheric pollutions in the West Kazakhstan region. Changes are observed in the structure of air pollution, which is associated with an increase in production, the share of transport, and the construction of new industries. However, in terms of types of economic activity, the main share belongs to industry. It has been established that the main pollutants of the atmosphere are the oil and gas, energy sectors, as well as transport. Research shows that the regions of the territorial distribution of industrial facilities and the region of social activity (Burli, Baiterek, Uralsk) have the greatest anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere. Purification of atmospheric air from harmful impurities, primarily solid particles, is partially carried out only in these zones, while in other areas of the region there are no treatment plants. The above-mentioned northern areas of the industrial zone of the region are characterized by high values of calculated air pollution coefficients. In contrast, in the Akzhaik, Karatobinsky, Zhanibek and Bokeyordinsky districts, the indicated indicators are minimal, which indicates a significant inequality in the distribution of atmospheric pollution. The completed work is the basis for an in-depth analysis of the assessment of atmospheric air quality in the industrial-agrarian center.

Use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) to Assess Myocardial Perfusion and Territorial Distribution of Vein Grafts Implanted on Coronary Arteries in an Ex-vivo Porcine Model. A Potential Adjunct to Assist Revascularization Strategies and Training in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

The fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) has been used to identify anatomical structures intraoperatively in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using ICG to assess graft patency and territorial distribution of myocardial reperfusion during CABG. Porcine arrested hearts (n = 18) were used to evaluate territorial distribution of native coronary arteries and of a coronary bypass constructed with porcine saphenous vein graft (SVG) using ICG. Coronary ostia were dissected and selectively cannulated for ICG injection. Sequential fluorescence was assessed in the epicardial coronary arteries, myocardium and coronary veins using an infrared-sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera system. In a separate set of experiments, SVG was used for anastomosis in end-to-side fashion to a terminal obtuse marginal (OM) branch. This approach was used to avoid bias in the assessment of territorial distribution. The anastomosis was injected with ICG; graft patency and territorial distribution was assessed using an infrared-sensitive CCD camera system from 30 cm above the field, as previously described. Native circulation and SVG grafts were assessed using real-time video recording and fluorescence intensity mapping that was averaged into a graded scoring system. The heart was divided into functional regions: anterior wall, lateral wall, inferior wall and right ventricle. All experiments were performed in triplicates. After ICG injection into the individual coronary ostia, perfusion of the native coronary artery was visible. Portions of the vessels embedded into the epicardial fat could be easily visualized on the surface of the heart and the dissection facilitated via fluorescence guidance. The territorial distribution reflected the expected regional perfusion. The SVG graft was anastomosed to an OM branch. ICG visualization allowed for assessment of graft patency excluding potential technical anastomosis problems or graft twisting or dissection. The myocardial perfusion observed in real-time confirmed regional distribution to the entire lateral wall and minimally to the inferior wall. These findings were confirmed in all the specimens used in the study. Besides assisting the identification of intramyocardial vessels, ICG can provide information on the native coronary circulation status and the territorial distribution of the perfusion before and after grafting. It enables visualization of collaterals and the territory of distribution subtended by a graft offering real-time assessment and guidance on the grafting strategy.

School segregation in Ecuador: a geographical analysis

ABSTRACT School segregation by socioeconomic level refers to the unequal distribution of students in educational centers according to their economic level. This article quantifies school segregation in Ecuador and its cantons in 2019 and analyzes its territorial distribution. Using the 2019 ‘Ser Bachiller’ database, four segregation indicators are calculated at the national and cantonal levels: the Gorard index in the equality dimension, and the Isolation index in the exposure dimension. The calculation is executed by defining quartiles of the Student Socioeconomic Index (ISEC) at the national level. Also, at the cantonal level, the Moran index is calculated to measure spatial autocorrelation. At the country level, school segregation is higher for students in quartile four compared to students in quartile one. Our results align with the literature in that higher concentrations of students from one socioeconomic level translates into lower levels of segregation in terms of equality (Gorard index) but higher levels of segregation in terms of exposure (Isolation index). Furthermore, spatial analyses suggest that the level of segregation of a canton depends not only on its conditions but also on those of its neighbors, creating clusters of high or low segregation.

QTL-Based Evidence of Population Genetic Divergence in Male Territorial Aggressiveness of the Japanese Freshwater Threespine Stickleback.

Territorial aggression is widespread across the animal kingdom and is expressed in diverse ecological and social contexts. In addition, there are marked variations in the degree of male reproductive territoriality within and between species. These differences are often attributed to genetic components. However, the evolutionary genetic mechanisms in wild animals are poorly understood. This study explored the genetic basis of divergent male territorial aggressiveness between two Japanese freshwater populations, Gifu (GF) and Tomakomai (TM), in the threespine stickleback, which is a well-known model system for both behavioral ecology and evolutionary genetics. First, our field survey indicated that the distribution of reproductive territories differed greatly across breeding habitats between the focal populations, and the density of reproductive territories was much greater in the GF population. Second, a one-on-one arena aquarium experiment on male-male combat using wild-caught and common-garden-reared males revealed that GF males were genetically more aggressive than TM males. Finally, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using an F2 hybrid cross between the two populations to identify the causal genomic regions contributing to the divergence in male territorial aggressiveness. Our QTL analysis identified a single significant locus in an aggression-related behavioral component, that is, the number of bites of focal F2 males toward a GF stimulus intruder. Two notable behavior-related genes, HTR2A and MAO-A, are found near this locus. These genes have often been suggested to influence of aggressive behavior in animals; therefore, they are regarded as important candidate genes for further functional analyses. Thus, we are the first to provide a QTL-based genetic basis for population divergence in male territorial aggressiveness in the threespine stickleback.

On the origin of the animal style in the Kazakh steppe

The Scythian-Saka animal style, its bizarre, phantasmagoric images and their territorial distribution in syn-chronous monuments on the vast territory of the Eurasian continent are clear evidence of the developed trans-continental visual, and in fact, symbolic and figurative communications of the Early nomads during this peri-od. The phenomenon of the origin of this style and its geographical distribution, the decoding of images and communicative messages obviously finds its origins in Kazakh figurative monuments, clearly demonstrating its continuity, originality and origins in the local pictorial traditions of the Bronze Age.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА И ПОДСОЛНЕЧНОГО МАСЛА В РФ: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПРОГНОЗЫ

Currently, countries in the world are facing an acute problem of providing the population with food. Oil crops are of strategic importance for the Russian Federation to ensure food security of the country. Among oil crops, the main one is sunflower. Sunflower oil occupies an important place in the domestic consumption of the country, accounting for 75% of the total consumption of vegetable oil. Increasing the export of sunflower oil is an important economic task. The production of sunflower and sunflower oil have stable linear trends over time. Trend models with dummy variables characterizing weather conditions yielded the following forecast values: gross sunflower harvest in 2024 is forecast to be within the range of 13 011 to 17 445 thousand tons, in 2025 – from 13 497 to 17 932 thousand tons; yield in 2024 – from 15.5 to 19.2 c/ha, in 2025 – from 15.8 to 19.6 c/ha; sunflower oil production in 2024 – from 5.96 to 6.56 million tons, in 2025 – from 6.2 to 6.8 million tons; sunflower oil exports in 2024 – from 2.9 to 3.94 million tons, from 3.06 to 4.1 million tons. Analysis of the dynamics of the sunflower production structure by federal districts based on the Gatev coefficient, the Salai and V.M.Ryabtsev indices showed that the production structures of 2020, 2021 and 2022 do not have statistically significant differences compared to the structure of 2015, i.e. the territorial distribution of production capacities for the period under study is relatively stable in dynamics.

Бронзов бръснач от колекцията на Националния археологически институт с музей към Българската академия на науките

Among the numerous objects kept in the collections of the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences there is one object that stands out for its specific characteristics. It is a moon-shaped blade with a handle – most probably a razor. The aim of the present article is to publish this object, and to attempt to clarify its cultural affiliation and relative chronology. The dimensions of the bronze razor are: length (with the handle) – 13.5 cm; length of the handle – 4 cm; width (max.) – 5.1 cm; thickness of the blade – 0.1 cm; width (middle) – 4.00 cm; diameter of the ring on the handle – 1.3x1.2 cm; thickness of the handle – 0.4 cm. In conclusion, it can be pointed out that the object fits perfectly into a group of artefacts whose territorial distribution, of the particular type of Vetulonia, covers the lands of northern Italy within the historical limits of northern Etruria and more precisely its central part. The dating can be placed at the time of the first phase of the Early Iron Age, in a relatively narrow time span (10th–7th centuries BC). Considering the archaeological context in which these objects are usually found, as well as their semantic context, there should be no objection to interpreting it as part of the grave goods belonging to a male individual associated with the initiations of growth, maturation and incorporation into the community that generated and produced this type of bronze ware.

Предвиждания за териториалното разпределение на стопанствата в България до 2030 година, повлияни от Зелената сделка

The present study aims to develop scenario projections for the territorial distribution of farms in Bulgaria spanned between 2020 and 2030. It will mark important stages of the modern development of agriculture, which is within direction of prioritization designated into integrating the measures related to climate change and protection of environment setup in the Green Deal. On the one hand, the study is interesting because it works with a proportional extrapolation method through which projections are made in three scenarios. On the other hand, it illustrates the feasible future distribution of farms in Bulgaria in rural and non-rural areas driven by the effects of the Green Deal. The effects and impact of the Green Deal specifically on the number of farms was made on the basis of a literature study and a expert judgment method. The results of the research show that the number of farms will experience an apparent change in the direction of reduction, and probably it will not be with the same intensity, both due to the multiple factors that may appear meanwhile as well as in terms of territorial dimensions between separate municipalities. The number of farms in the country is expected to go down, and between 2010 and 2020 the decline is estimated up to 64%, whereas by 2030 without the effects of the Green Deal it is expected to reach a decrease by another 43% in the Statius-quo scenario, and because of the Green Deal, this percentage may aggravate additionally by between 1,7 – 5,7% until 2030.

Tracking ranavirus infections: an integrative review of epidemiological research on pathogen dynamics in anurans

Abstract. Emerging infectious diseases have contributed to the decline in amphibian species around the world. Among them, ranavirus infections have major importance, as they significantly impact biodiversity and frog rearing. This study aims to conduct an integrative review of the recent literature, including epidemiological data on the distribution, prevalence, and circulating species and strains, to identify gaps that may still exist and suggest potential directions for future research. We synthesized data collected from 68 articles found in two scientific databases (Scopus and PubMed), and we provide a situational update on ranavirus infections in anurans. We found relevant reports confirming the high prevalence of this pathogen and the risk it poses, including to endangered species. However, there is still information to be clarified regarding its distribution in different territories and the identification of the species involved in infections.

Unemployment as a Consequence of the Liquidation of State Agricultural Farms in 1991-2003

State Agricultural Farms (SAF) were liquidated on the basis of an act adopted in 1991. During the work on the act, the focus was exclusively on issues related to ownership and economic transformations, while the social consequences were not taken into account. SAF employees, especially agricultural workers, constituted a specific, historically shaped socio-professional group characterized by relatively low education and narrow professional qualifications. The aim of article is to identify the genesis of social problems in post-statehood areas, especially unemployment and its regional variation. The source base of the study is mainly the Reports of the Agricultural Property Agency of the State Treasury and sociological research reports carried out in post-statehood areas. The main finding of the research is that policy decisions to abolish state farms were made without taking into account their specific characteristics and territorial distribution. Their mentality was shaped by the nature of work and everyday life, which was entirely connected with the workplace. The workplace organized most of the living and social matters for employees and their families. After the liquidation of the State Agricultural Farms, employees were unable to find their place on the –labour market. Large-area farms established on the basis of the former SAFs radically limited employment, and the lack of appropriate skills and limited demand for labour outside agriculture worsened the situation of blue collar workers in particular. Regional differences were of particular importance for the scale of unemployment – where SAFs dominated, the unemployment problem persists even three decades after their liquidation, although it no longer concerns only former SAF employees, but all residents of former SAF areas.

Biodiversity of predators and parasitoids of greenideine aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae: Greenideinae) and their host plant associations in India

The present article lists the predators and parasitoids of the Greenideinae aphids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae: Greenideinae) infesting different food plants and their distribution in various states and union territories of India. Predators belong to one order of class Arachnida, the order Araneae (spiders) (2 families) and five orders of class Insecta: Coleoptera (family Coccinellidae), Dermaptera (family Forficulidae), Diptera (family Syrphidae), Hemiptera (family Anthocoridae) and Neuroptera (families Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae). A total of 43 species of predators from various taxa were recorded to feed 15 species of the greenideine aphids on 12 food plant species in 14 states of India. The highest number of predators belonged to the families Coccinellidae (28 species) and Syrphidae (5 species). Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, predators-preys-host plants) of these predators were reported in Manipur (41 triplets), Uttarakhand (22 triplets), West Bengal (10 triplets) and in other states with fewer than 10 triplets. All the parasitoids of greedineine aphids belong to a single subfamily Aphelininae (Aphelinidae: Hymenoptera) and Aphidiinae (Braconidae: Hymenoptera) in India. A total of 23 species of parasitoids were observed parasitising these aphids infesting on 19 host plants in 12 states of India. Most of the tritrophic associations (triplets, parasitoids-hosts-host plants) of these parasitoids were reported from Meghalaya (15 triplets), followed by West Bengal (9 triplets), Manipur (8 triplets), and in other states with fewer than 8 triplets. Indeed, minimal attempts have been made to record the natural enemies of these aphids in India, and an intensive and extensive survey plan is warranted to record them in unexplored areas.

Witnessing and Experiencing Discrimination: A Study in Spanish Adolescents

Objectives: to examine the nature and context of discriminatory experiences among adolescents in Spain. Methods: A mixed study of discourse content analysis in 1000 randomly selected Spanish adolescents aged 12 to 16 years stratified by age, gender and territorial distribution. Data were analyzed to identify perpetrators, actions, and locations of discrimination. Results: Overall, 66% of adolescents reported witnessing or experiencing discrimination, primarily manifested through teasing, insults, and harassment. Peers were identified as the main perpetrators (73.9%), with schools being the primary context (69.4%) where discrimination occurs. Discrimination often lacked clear reasons (27.78%), but ethnicity (23.83%) and physical appearance (22.51%) were the most common factors, followed by gender (5.99%) or academic/ability issues (5.99%) or having an illness or developmental disorder (5.41%). Conclusions: Discrimination among adolescents is frequent, with racism and rejection of minority groups as the main causes. The findings underscore the need for interventions to address discriminatory behaviors in schools and broader society, with implications for adolescent well-being and mental health.

Территориальные аспекты развития органического сельского хозяйства в регионе

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the peculiarities of the territorial distribution of agricultural producers and the impact of their location on the development of regional organic agriculture in the future. The information base was the results of a questionnaire survey of 100 agricultural producers of the Leningrad region, representing mainly peasant (farming) farms in the region. To assess the impact of the territorial factor on the possibilities of developing organic production, 4 groups of respondents were identified, depending on the remoteness of the farm from the regional center – Saint Petersburg, as well as district centers. Results. Based on the analysis of the typological characteristics of the respondents and their answers, it was concluded that the participants of the first group (up to 50 km from Saint Petersburg) and at the distance of the farm from the regional center from 101 to 200 km show greater interest in organic production. This confirms the thesis that the territorial factor increases the risks of entrepreneurial activity in agriculture. However, there was no close dependence of farmers' motivation on the location of farms. The multidirectional influence of territorial remoteness on interest in organic production has been established, which is associated with a complex of stimulating or limiting factors. It was determined that in each of the groups of respondents (except the first) there is a large proportion (from 20 to 40 %) of people who found it difficult to answer about their intention to switch to organic status, which allows them to be considered possible participants in this sector in the future, if there are more comfortable conditions of activity. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the peculiarities of the influence of the territorial factor on the interest of small businesses in the transition to organic production, which will allow them to be taken into account when implementing appropriate regional programs to mitigate existing barriers to entrepreneurial activity in the agricultural sector.

Transformation of an impersonal predicative construction in the speech of citizens from the region of Yambol

The analysis focuses on a regional variant of an impersonal- predicative construction of the type strah me e (beshe) (I am/was afraid in English). The citizens from the region of Yambol use the variant stra(h)sheme. It is a contamination of the noun and the 3rd person singular form of the auxiliary verb sam (to be in English) most often in the imperfective aspect. The phenomenon occurs only in the literary model with a short form of a personal pronoun in the accusative case. The semantically corresponding personal verbs are always reflexive – strahuvam se (I’m afraid in English). The phenomenon was noticed by I. Kochev in the 1960s in Sliven and in three villages to the east and southeast of Yambol. It is defined as a hypostasis. I add examples from the speech of people born in two other villages to the south and southwest of the town of Yambol. They confirm the examples found so far and show diversity with respect to some grammatical categories. I draw some conclusions about the nature of the transformation, its territorial distribution and sustainability.

Modeling of the intelligent interface of interaction between a pharmacy and a children's clinic

Introduction. Economic barriers, uneven territorial distribution of pharmacy organizations, and insufficient efficiency of drugs supply chains hinder the accessibility of drugs and the timely receipt of pharmaceutical care (PC) by patients worldwide. The digital transformation in healthcare, accelerated by the COVID-19 crisis, necessitates the adaptation of PC practices to meet modern patient needs. Objective of the study. To develop and validate a procedure for the interaction between a clinic and a pharmacy to facilitate data exchange through an interface, enabling the pharmacy to receive data for forming an assortment of drugs adapted to the characteristics and behavioral trends of the main target audience. Material and methods. The study utilized anonymized data on drugs prescriptions by physicians from the medical information system of a network of medical organizations in Moscow for the period from January 2018 to December 2023. Data preprocessing was conducted, followed by the training of a machine learning model using the LightGBM algorithm. The predictive performance of the model was assessed using MAE and RMSE metrics. Results. An analytical interface for the interaction between the clinic and the pharmacy was developed, incorporating a predictive model for forming the drugs assortment. The model effectively accounts for seasonal trends, patient demographic characteristics, and other key factors influencing drugs demand. The average MAE and RMSE values were 1.27 and 1.68, respectively, indicating high model accuracy. Conclusion. Implementing the developed interface allows the pharmacy to form drugs assortment tailored to the real needs of patients, contributing to optimized inventory management, reduced risk of shortages and overstocking, enhanced accessibility of PC for children, and increased economic efficiency of the pharmacy. The integration of big data technologies and machine learning opens new prospects for the personalization of medical and pharmaceutical care.

Impact of temperature and relative humidity on sowing date and commercial grain yield of wheat in southern Sonora, Mexico

This work aimed to analyze the variation in temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) in wheat seasons 2004-05 to 2023-24, and its impact with sowing dates on grain yield in southern Sonora, Mexico. The T and HR were recorded in hourly format from the meteorological stations in the region during November to April. Commercial fields were selected based on territorial distribution in the Yaqui (YV) and Mayo (MV) Valleys, covering sowing dates from November 1 to January 15, and grain yield was determined based on a 1 m 2 sample with six replications in each field. The daytime T in both valleys had a positive trend, in the YV it increased between 1.4 and 2.9 °C, while in the MV between 1.8 and 3.5 °C. The night T had mostly a negative trend in both valleys, the MV had a tendency with 1.6 °C less and the YV with 1 °C. RH during the day showed a decreasing tendency throughout most of the season in both valleys, in the YV the decrease ranged from -2.6 to 0.9 %, and from -4.9 to -2.5 % in the MV. Nighttime humidity had an increase tendency in the YV with a range of 1.1 to 8.0 %, whereas in the MV, it showed a tendency to decrease in November, January, February, and March. The night temperature was negatively correlated with grain yield in both valleys, while relative humidity was not. The grain yields (above 9.5 t ha -1 ) were obtained in wheat seasons characterized with more than 670 cold units, and grain yield over 6.5 t ha-1 was obtained highest in sowing dates from November 21 to December 20.

The Identification of Land Use Conflicts and Policy Implications for Donghai County Based on the “Production–Living–Ecological” Functions

The rapid development of urbanization has continuously encroached on people’s living space and ecological space, leading to an imbalance in territorial spatial functions. Identifying potential land use conflicts and optimizing land use structure are conducive to carrying out territorial spatial planning rationally. In this paper, we adopt the suitability assessment method to evaluate the suitability of land for production, living, and ecological functions and then use the land use conflict identification matrix to identify land use conflicts in Donghai County and make relevant suggestions according to the intensity of land use conflicts. The results of this study show the following: (1) the areas of suitable land use zones, strong conflict zones, medium conflict zones, and weak conflict zones in Donghai County are, respectively, 58.83%, 10.62%, 26.31%, and 4.24%. (2) The spatial distribution differences in the different conflict zones could determine the pertinence of conflict mitigation and spatial planning. In the process of the urbanization of Donghai County, ecological environmental protection is still the top priority. (3) It is necessary to economically and intensively use construction land, improving its fine management level. Land use efficiency should be maximized, and the spatial distribution of national territory should be reasonably optimized while strengthening the guiding role of planning. This study addresses land conflicts from the perspective of spatial planning rather than economic behavior. It also provides significant insight into land use layout at the county level, which is exactly what China is exploring in the new era.

A Set of Models for Device Positioning in Sixth Generation Networks. Part 2. Review of Algorithms and Accuracy Assessment

Relevance. This work is the second part of a series devoted to the study of a set of positioning models in sixth-generation terahertz networks and solves the problems of systematizing algorithms and assessing the accuracy of determining the location of a user device depending on the configuration and size of the antenna array at the base station.Purpose. Within the framework of the scientific problem of searching for means of achieving decimeter accuracy of coordinate estimates, outlined in the first part of the cycle, the analysis of accuracy assessment models, a review of algorithms and ways of their optimization, as well as a numerical experiment, performed in this study serve the purpose of justifying the configuration and dimensions of the antenna array used at the base station.The research method is an analytical review of the state of the problem based on current scientific publications, conceptual modeling, categorical approach, expert combination, comparative analysis, formalization, mathematical and simulation modeling.Solution / results. The paper presents models for assessing the accuracy of positioning in 6G terahertz networks, formalizes the relationship between primary measurements and coordinate estimates for multi-position and single-position positioning in the near and far zones. It provides an overview of algorithms for geometric positioning and positioning with training for cases of one-stage and two-stage processing; analyzes the specifics of implementing algorithms for simultaneous tracking and map construction. It provides an analysis of the features of optimizing algorithms in offline and online modes. Simulation modeling is used to assess the accuracy for a scenario of territorial distribution with direct visibility and ideal synchronization.Novelty. Using simulation modeling tools, the achievement of decimeter accuracy of coordinate and orientation estimates of 1° in the terahertz range for a far-field model using a 1 GHz band and a composite antenna array of more than half a thousand elements has been scientifically substantiated.The theoretical significance lies in establishing the dependence of the accuracy of coordinate and orientation estimates of the device on the configuration and dimensions of the antenna array at the base station.The practical significance of the developed simulation model lies in the numerical justification of the limits of device positioning accuracy in sixth-generation networks depending on the antenna array used at the base station for a given scenario.

МНОГОЛЕТНИЕ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТРЕНДЫ ДИНАМИКИ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОГО РИНИТА И АТОПИЧЕСКОГО ДЕРМАТИТА У ДЕТЕЙ

Background. Allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are common allergic diseases in children. Analysis of the incidence and trends of allergic diseases development is necessary for successful solving the problem of morbidity, helping the child population at the regional level, disease forecasting and control. Purpose of the study. To study the long-term dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of the general and primary incidence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the child population of the Grodno region. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of indicators of general and primary incidence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the child population of the Grodno region was performed. The study periods were 1999-2023 years (children aged 0-14 years old) and 2008-2023 years (children aged 15-17 years old). Results. The average long-term age-standardized overall morbidity rate of allergic rhinitis in children aged 0-14 years old was 266.89 (95% CI: 238.33-295.47), the primary morbidity rate was 67.67 (95% CI: 57.36-77.9) per 100,000 children of the corresponding age. The average long-term overall incidence rate of allergic rhinitis in children aged 15-17 years (2008-2023) was 791.97 (95% CI: 680.79-903.14), the primary incidence rate was 113.73 (95% CI: 92.84- 134.61) per 100,000 children of the same age. The average long-term age-standardized rate of overall incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-14 years old was 872.89 (95% CI: 825.27-919.782) per 100,000 children of the corresponding age, the primary incidence rate was 459.1 (95% CI: 399. 96-518.24) per 100,000 children of the same age. The average long-term overall incidence rate of atopic dermatitis in children aged 15-17 years was 415.68 (95% CI: 377.63-453.73), the primary incidence rate was 143.88 (95% CI: 120.53-167.23) per 100,000 child population of the corresponding age. The long-term epidemic dynamics of allergic rhinitis was characterized by a moderately pronounced tendency towards an increase in the overall incidence rate among children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +2.4%) and 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +3.62 %) as well as stabilization of the primary morbidity rate in children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -0.67%) and 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +0.72%). The long-term epidemic dynamics of atopic dermatitis was characterized by a moderately pronounced tendency towards a decrease in the overall morbidity rate for children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -1.57%) and an increase in the morbidity rate for children of 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +2.1%). There also was a pronounced downward trend in the primary morbidity rate of children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -5.42%) and children aged 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -5.89%). The cartograms of the territorial distribution of incidence rates of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the child population of the Grodno region in the periods 1999-2023 (0-14 years old) and 2008-2023 (15-17 years old) are presented. Conclusions. The reasons for the established patterns of changes in the incidence of allergic diseases in children of different age groups, as well as those living in different territories, are most likely due to the influence of environmental and socio-economic factors. The presented cartograms make it possible to visualize the incidence rates of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in individual territorial and administrative regions of the region.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE POPULATION DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE KASHKADARYA REGION

This article analyzes the population density - territorial distribution of the Kashkadarya region and their causes. Along with the population density of the region, the influence of natural and economic factors affecting the location of the population, as well as the landscape features of the region, is described. Also, the problems that have arisen due to the differences in the number of population and the territorial location of the population between the region and its administrative units, as well as proposals and recommendations for their elimination are presented.