Distribution Of Number Research Articles

A prospective multi-site translational study investigating the association of gut microbiome (GM) diversity with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant treatment in early stage rectal and esophageal cancer.

TPS849 Background: The diversity of the GM is defined as the number and relative abundance distribution of distinct types of microorganisms colonizing within the gut. Studies have suggested that dysbiosis of the GM confers a predisposition to certain malignancies and impacts response to immunomodulating therapies. The influence of the GM diversity on the pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is unclear. Some studies have suggested that the GM may offer predictive biomarkers for response to chemoradiation in rectal cancer. Other studies in early-stage rectal cancer patients indicated an association between GM diversity and pathological outcomes following neo-adjuvant therapy (NAT). We hypothesize that a more diverse GM constitution at baseline leads to an improved pathological response at the time of definitive surgery. Methods: We designed a cross-institutional translational study investigating the impact of the GM diversity on the efficacy of NAT in GI cancers by assessing its association with pathological response. The study population includes patients with early-stage rectal or esophageal cancer due to commence NAT (including chemotherapy and chemoradiation) who are planned for definitive surgery. Exclusion criteria includes prior allogenic tissue/solid organ transplantation and prior receipt of anti-cancer therapy. The study assessments include fecal sampling of the GM prior to NAT, upon completion and again six months post completion of therapy. Fecal samples are analysed by 16S RNA sequencing. Pathological response will be examined at time of surgery and patients will be classified as responders (complete pathological response) or non-responders. The primary endpoint of the study is to examine the association between the GM diversity and pathological response. Exploratory analysis will include the assessment of the association between cf-DNA and the GM diversity as well as an assessment of the association between cf-DNA at baseline and pCR. Species richness (Alpha Diversity) will be analysed using the Shannon diversity index and Jaccard similarity index will be used to calculate beta diversity. Following planned study recruitment, classification and clustering analysis will be performed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Forest analysis. Logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounding factors will be employed to assess the primary endpoint of the association between GM and complete pCR in the final statistical analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals will be presented. This trial accrued 11 patients between May 2023 and Sept 2024. Out of the 11 patients enrolled, 9 patients have undergone their planned surgery. We are expecting to have 30 patients accrued prior to Jan 2025.

Dissociating the roles of alpha oscillation sub-bands in visual working memory.

Alpha oscillations play a critical role in visual working memory (VWM), but the specific contributions of lower and upper alpha sub-bands remain unclear. To address this, we employed a whole-field change detection paradigm to investigate how alpha power modulation and decoding accuracy differ between these sub-bands in response to varying set sizes and spatial extents of memory arrays. Our results revealed that lower alpha (8-9 Hz) exhibits widespread event-related desynchronization (ERD) during the early maintenance phase, which increases with set size and reflects attentional allocation to individual memory items. In contrast, upper alpha (10-12 Hz) demonstrates posteriorly localized ERD that is strongly associated with the spatial extent of memory arrays. During the late maintenance phase, upper alpha transitions to event-related synchronization (ERS), suggesting a role in suppression of irrelevant sensory inputs and enhancement of alertness. Multivariate decoding analyses showed that all alpha sub-bands accurately decoded both set size and spatial extent across time windows, with lower alpha achieving better decoding performance during the early maintenance phase and upper alpha excelling in later stages. These findings suggest that alpha oscillations encode both the number and spatial distribution of memory items, with lower and upper alpha sub-bands serving complementary roles in encoding and maintaining VWM representations.

Exploring the relationship between upwelling intensity and socio-ecological attributes of marine exploitation areas for benthic resources (MEABRs), along the southern Humboldt Current system.

The Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) sustains some of the most productive marine systems on Earth. Within each of these systems, the upwelling process exhibits spatial and temporal variation resulting in marked differences in upwelling intensity and seasonality along extensive coastlines. The study of this variation is well needed, given the magnitude of the services provided by upwelling, and the impending impacts of global warming on EBUS. The critical link between the physical variability associated with upwelling intensity and its consequences on socio-ecological variables remain severely understudied. This study aimed to address such a gap by exploring the influence of coastal upwelling intensity on socio-ecological attributes of co-management units named Marine Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABRs), along one the most productive ecosystems of the world: The southern Humboldt Current system. We evaluated the non-linear influence of upwelling on 1) the harvest of economically important resources, 2) the number of exploited species, 3) number and gender distribution of fishers involved, and 4) fishery activities. Our data indicated that on the one hand the annual harvest of commercial species, and all the exploited resources combined, were consistently higher in MEABRs associated with intermediate to high upwelling intensities. On the other hand, the harvest of kelp, the number of species harvested, and the number of fishers per MEABR increased towards low upwelling intensities, showing signals of fishery diversification. Interestingly, representation of female fishers increased towards high upwelling intensities, suggesting that multiple factors account for the variation in this, and other socio-ecological variables examined. Our study provides first-hand information about harvest levels and the allocation of fishery activities and gender distribution when MEABRs associated with different upwelling intensities are compared. Such information will assist in the identification of ecological and social vulnerabilities in a global warming scenario.

Functional Morphology of Hatching: Ontogeny and Distribution of Hatching Gland Cells in Red-Eyed Treefrogs and a New Marker for Anuran Hatching Enzyme.

Environmentally cued hatching (ECH) is widespread in animals and requires regulation of hatching mechanisms. Enzymatic digestion of the egg membrane is a common hatching mechanism in vertebrates and invertebrates. In amphibians and fishes, hatching enzymes (HE) are synthesized and released by hatching gland cells (HGC), whose functional ontogeny determines when hatching can occur. Ontogenetic studies of HGC development or HE expression are limited, based largely on external cell morphology; few markers for HGC or HE are available, and those appear specific for Xenopus. Moreover, mechanisms regulating HE release are unknown in anurans. To investigate variation in the hatching process, we need tools to identify and analyze its components. Agalychnis callidryas (Hylidae) is a well-established model of ECH, showing plastically timed, acute HE release, unlike the gradual release described for some aquatic anurans. We developed a new antibody marker for A. callidryas HE that also labels HGC/HE in glassfrogs (Centrolenidae). As glassfrogs and treefrogs diverged 62 mya, the antibody may be broadly useful in anurans. We used the AcHE antibody to examine the development and distribution of HGC and accumulation of HE, two key elements of hatching mechanisms, in A. callidryas. We found a much larger number (ca. 4200) and broader distribution of HGC than has been documented in any amphibian, with HGC densely but non-contiguously distributed over the front of the head and eyes and scattered along the dorsal midline. HE expression begins before hatching competence and is strong throughout the plastic hatching period, unlike HE gene expression which diminishes after competence. The distribution and expression ontogeny of A. callidryas' HE/HGC appear related to their hatching performance, plasticity, and embryo morphology. The AcHE antibody will enable comparative research to elucidate co-variation in the functional morphology, performance, and ecological context of hatching.

Microplastic characterization and transport mode -A flow-integrated approach to sampling urban waterways.

Concentrations of microplastics are both temporally and spatially variable in streamflow. Yet, an overwhelming number of published field studies do not target a range of flow conditions and fail to adequately capture particle transport within the full flow field. Since microplastic flux models rely on the representativeness of available data, current predictions of riverine exports contain substantial error. In an effort to capture more representative concentrations in streamflow, we implemented a flow-integrated fluvial monitoring program for microplastics within two channels draining an urbanized watershed in Southern California, USA. Concentrations ranged up to 5 orders of magnitude between low flow and stormflow conditions. Tire road wear particle concentrations were significantly higher for the stormwater control channel draining a smaller but more densely developed watershed. Additionally, we leveraged each site's hydrologic conditions and the physical characteristics of particles extracted from depth-integrated samples, in order to compare microplastic Rouse number distributions relative to transport mode. Results indicated that full wash load transport capable of encompassing all types of microplastics was not achieved at either site. Additionally, for the channel with the larger drainage area and less uniform cross-section, the proportion of microplastics transported as wash load was approximately 10-30% lower near the bank compared to the thalweg. The results of this study indicate the importance of considering flow field transport variability when designing fluvial microplastics studies to improve the accuracy of both monitoring and modeling efforts.

DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2018 - 2022

The present study Bibliometric analysis of DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology (DJLIT) covers the 276 articles in five years from 2018-2022. The investigators attempted to reveal the year wise distribution of articles, authorship pattern of articles, citation pattern, country wise distribution of articles and average number of citation per year etc. Results showed that, in the year 2018, highest 61(22.10%) articles were published out of 276 articles in5 years. Average numbers of citations per year are 181.08. In geographical distribution of articles, India has contributed highest 229 articles

New contribution to Luria–Delbrück distribution. Stability property and estimation

Abstract The multiplication of cells leads to consider the cell division model with mutation. Large cell counts therefore appear, implying that the distribution of the final number of mutant cells is a heavy tailed distribution. This distribution can be interpreted as a compound Poisson distribution, which depends on two parameters: the average number of mutations and the fitness parameter (heavy tail index). In this work, we specify some conditions that ensure a stability property of heavy-tailed distributions, namely, the distribution of random sum of random variables is a heavy-tailed distribution. We apply the obtained result to the compound Poisson distribution. To estimate the tail index, the Hill estimator and the generating function method are used. A comparative study is performed using these two estimators.

DFT-Based Polarizable Ion Models for Molten Rare-Earth Chlorides: From Lanthanum to Europium.

We developed a systematic polarizable force field for molten trivalent rare-earth chlorides, from lanthanum to europium, based on first-principle calculations. The proposed model was employed to investigate the local structure and physicochemical properties of pure molten salts and their mixtures with sodium chloride. We computed densities, heat capacities, surface tensions, viscosities, and diffusion coefficients and disclosed their evolution along the lanthanide series, filling the gaps for poorly studied elements, such as promethium and europium. The analysis of the local arrangement of chloride anions around lanthanide cations revealed broad coordination number distributions with a typical [from 6 to 9]-fold environment, the maximum of which shifts toward lower values with the increase of atomic number as well as upon dilution of the salt in sodium chloride. The neighboring lanthanide chloride complexes were found to be connected by sharing a corner or an edge of the corresponding polyhedra.

TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF MOLTEN SALT COOLANTS IN PARABOLIC TROUGH COLLECTORS (PTCs)

Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal are potential energy sources with the capacity to mitigate environmental impacts. Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) are the widely used application of solar energy. Molten salts are promising high-temperature, low-pressure coolants for thermal energy storage of concentrated solar power plants. The present novel work is aimed to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology for candidate molten salt coolants (FLiBe, Nafzirf, FliNaK, and NaNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>2</sub>-KNO<sub>3</sub>) to compare their thermal hydraulic characteristics in terms of friction factor and Nusselt number distribution for a simple circular tube under turbulent flow conditions. This study is necessary for the thermal-hydraulic design of PTCs. The axial distributions of friction factor and Nusselt number of FliNaK, FLiBe, Nafzirf, and NaNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>2</sub>-KNO<sub>3</sub> salts in a simple circular tube under Reynolds number range of 20,000-100,000 have been compared. The predicted friction factor f<sub>∞</sub>), Nusselt number (Nu<sub>∞</sub>), and hydrodynamic entrance length (L<sub>H</sub>) have been compared with available correlations for fully developed conditions. Blasius and Petukhov correlations adequately guessed the predicted f<sub>∞</sub> of salts, whereas the Gneilinski correlation is found to be in close agreement with the predicted Nu<sub>∞</sub> of salts, hence validating the proposed numerical scheme for investigating thermal-hydraulic characteristics of molten salts. NaNO<sub>3</sub>-NaNO<sub>2</sub>-KNO<sub>3</sub> seems to be the potential candidate with high values of thermal efficiency for solar applications.

Asynchronous Control for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Nonhomogeneous Markov Jump Systems Against Successive DoS Attacks.

This article is concerned with the problem of asynchronous control for Interval Type-2 (IT2) fuzzy nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems against successive denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The system and the controller are assumed to be connected through a communication channel subject to malicious attacks. The maximum number and probability distribution of successive attacks are considered. Under the imperfect premise matching, a fuzzy asynchronous controller is constructed by the hidden Markov model. By means of the introduced transmission delay, a delay closed-loop system is constructed, where the stochastic description of the delay depends on the statistical characteristic of successive attacks. Then stability criteria together are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities by the Lyapunov functional approach, as well as the condition on the existence of the fuzzy controller. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the presented control scheme are demonstrated by simulation results.

Ground and Space (LEO) Based GNSS Ionospheric Detection Using Chapman Function Constraint

AbstractLimited by the number and location distribution of ground stations, the ground based ionospheric detection using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology suffers from low accuracy and poor reliability in some regions. To improve the performance of the global ionospheric model, this study combines the Continuously Operating Reference Station and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite observation to conduct the ground and space‐based (G/SBased) joint ionospheric detection technique. With reference to the ionospheric radar data of the global ionospheric radio observatory, the performance of the G/SBased GNSS joint ionospheric detection technique was tested in quiet and disturbed geomagnetic environments. Results show that in the ground and space based joint mode, the distribution of ionospheric puncture points (IPPs) is uniform, thus effectively avoiding the problem of IPPs blank in the absence of ground stations. In the quiet geomagnetic environment, the ionospheric detection of the G/SBased joint mode has a remarkable performance improvement compared with the ground GNSS mode, with an average improvement of 55.51%. In the geomagnetically disturbed environment, the G/SBased joint mode still has high consistency with the ionospheric radar results, and the detection performance is better than that of the ground GNSS mode. This research shows that combining with ground GNSS and LEO satellite observation data can substantially provide the performance of GNSS ionospheric total electron content detection and can provide good data support for the construction of a global ionospheric refinement model.

Critical Point Fluctuations in Heavy-Ion Collisions within Molecular Dynamics with Expansion

We analyze particle number fluctuations near the critical endpoint of a first-order phase transition using molecular dynamics simulations of the Lennard-Jones fluid. Building on our previous study [V.A. Kuznietsov et al., Phys. Rev. C 105, 044903 (2022)], we incorporate longitudinal collective flow. The scaled variance of particle number distributions in various coordinate and momentum space acceptances is computed through ensemble averaging, confirming previous time-averaging results. We find that significant collective flow is crucial for observing large fluctuations from the critical point in momentum space. These results are discussed in the context of heavy-ion collisions.

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF CO-AXIAL JET

This study's emphasis is on an experimental and numerical investigation of co-axial jet cooling on a flat plate. The co-axial jet consists of two separate flow passes, which are commonly known as inner and outer, through which the flow enters. The experimental investigation was conducted for various inner Reynolds numbers (10,000, 15,000, and 25,000), outer Reynolds numbers (10,000, 15,000, and 25,000), and jet-to-plate separations (36, 52, and 72). The impact of flow parameters on the Nusselt number distribution along the impinging target heated plate was studied. It was experimentally observed that, for a fixed inner Reynolds number, the Nusselt number of the flat plate increased with an increase in the outer Reynolds number, but it does not change considerably as the inner Reynolds number increased. However, the Nusselt number of co-axial jets is greater than that of round jets for the same flow parameters, as was investigated numerically. It was also found that the non-dimensional turbulent kinetic energy was not significantly influenced by the inner Reynolds number, but it increased with an increasing outer Reynolds number. Furthermore, the general correlations for the stagnation point and wall jet region Nusselt numbers are proposed based on the experimental investigation.

EFFECT OF SECONDARY JET INCLINATION ANGLE ON HEAT TRANSFER IN A CONFINED IMPINGING JET ARRAY

In this study, the heat transfer effects on the impingement surface in confined impinging array jet flows with inclined secondary jets were experimentally investigated. Temperature distributions were obtained with a thermal camera throughout the center axis of the target plate for Reynolds number values of 20,000 and 30,000, inter-plate aperture values of 0.5, 1, 3, and 6, and secondary jet inclination angles of 45°, 52.5°, and 60°. From the temperature distributions obtained, the influence of Reynolds number, inter-plate aperture, and inclination angle of secondary jets on the Nusselt distributions on the target plate was investigated. It was perceived that the Nusselt values on the target plate increase with increasing Reynolds number and decrease with increasing inter-plate aperture. The location of the top points of the Nusselt number distribution is shaped on the target plate in line with the axes of the secondary jets. These distributions shift to larger ± r/D values as the aperture between the plates increases. As the inclination angle of the secondary jets increases, the positions of the secondary jets on the target plate approach the primary stagnation zone, and the top points at these positions become stronger. The most homogeneous Nusselt number distribution occurs when the secondary jet inclination angle is 60° and the aperture H/D = 1.

City-scale industrial tank detection using multi-source spatial data fusion

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the automatic detection of industrial storage tanks in urban areas using deep learning-based algorithms. Industrial storage tanks are critical for storing raw materials, finished products, and intermediate products in industries such as petroleum, chemical, and metallurgy. However, they can leak and cause environmental damage, making it important to monitor them in cities. The challenge lies in the large number and dispersed distribution of these tanks throughout the city. To address this, high-resolution remote sensing images and deep learning algorithms are used to improve the accuracy of industrial storage tank detection at the city scale. We construct a city scale industrial storage tank object detection dataset using high-resolution remote sensing images and explore the effect of deep learning object detection algorithm optimization on industrial storage tank detection. Techniques including ResNet50, FPN, and dilated convolution are utilized in this work for improving the model detection accuracy. Furthermore, we construct multiple city industrial storage tank datasets based on high-resolution remote sensing images enriched by integrating point-of-interest data and land use data of each city. The integration from multiple data sources provides an accurate and efficient solution for the identification of industrial storage tanks within urban areas.

Spatial and temporal distribution of infiltration, curve number and runoff coefficients using TOPMODEL and SCS-CN models

Infiltration, the process by which water enters the soil, is intricately intertwined with the attributes of the catchment, including soil composition and vegetation cover, both of which exhibit temporal and spatial variability. Accurate quantification of infiltration rates is imperative for enhancing the predictive capabilities of rainfall-runoff models, especially in regions with limited hydrological monitoring infrastructure, such as many developing countries where a significant portion of catchments remains ungauged. In this study, we integrate the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model with the TOPography-based hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL) to derive a comprehensive framework for estimating the spatial and temporal dynamics of infiltration and its associated parameters. By leveraging the complementary strengths of these two models, we aim to enhance our understanding of infiltration processes across diverse landscapes. The amalgamation of the SCS-CN model with TOPMODEL Dynamic, which incorporates topographic features, contributing areas, and soil moisture deficit (SMD) dynamics within the watershed, represents a novel approach for characterizing the spatiotemporal variability of infiltration, curve number (CN), and runoff coefficient (RC). This integrated model offers a refined mathematical representation, capable of capturing the intricate interactions between land surface characteristics and hydrological processes, thereby advancing our ability to simulate and predict runoff responses in complex environmental settings.

Continuous Characterization of Insoluble Particles in Ice Cores Using the Single-Particle Extinction and Scattering Method.

This study presents the integration of the single-particle extinction and scattering (SPES) method in a continuous flow analysis (CFA) setup. Continuous measurements with the instrument allow for the characterization of water-insoluble particles in ice cores at high resolution with a minimized risk of contamination. The SPES method can be used to investigate particles smaller than 1 μm, which previously could not be detected by instruments typically used in CFA. Moreover, the SPES method provides not only the particle concentration and size distribution but also the effective refractive index. We show that nonabsorbing mineral particles and absorbing particles from both wildfires and fossil fuel burning can be detected with the SPES method in shallow ice cores from North-East Greenland. The concentration record retrieved with SPES correlates well with established methods used in continuous measurements of dust content in ice cores. Year-to-year variations in the number distribution of the diameter are only detectable by stacking annual layers because of the low nonabsorbing particle concentration of late Holocene ice of approximately 6 × 104 mL-1. The median diameter in the bottom 20 m of the EGRIP-S7 core is found to be 0.75 μm (0.72 μm) during the annual maximum (minimum) in dust concentration.

Exploring the 2-Part of Class Groups in Quadratic Fields: Perspectives on the Cohen–Lenstra Conjectures

Cohen and Lenstra introduced conjectures concerning the distribution of class numbers in quadratic fields, though many of these conjectures remain unproven. This paper investigates the 2-part of class groups in imaginary quadratic fields and examines their alignment with the Cohen–Lenstra heuristics. We provide detailed proofs of key theorems related to ideal decompositions and modular homomorphisms, and we explore the distribution of class groups of imaginary quadratic fields. Our analysis includes constructing imaginary quadratic fields with prescribed 2-class groups and discussing the implications of these findings on the Cohen–Lenstra conjecture.

Molecular Dynamics Analysis of Atomic Diffusion and Crystallization Behavior of Pure Silver in the Vitreous State under Varied External Pressures

This study investigates the atomic diffusion and crystallization behavior of pure silver in the vitreous state under varying external pressures, using molecular dynamics simulations. The primary aim is to assess the effects of pressure on the structural dynamics and stability of silver at the atomic level. The results indicate that increasing pressure leads to a decrease in diffusion coefficients, signifying reduced atomic mobility due to denser atomic packing. Structural analysis through Voronoi tessellation reveals a shift from distorted, mixed-like clusters toward a predominance of crystal-like clusters, suggesting enhanced crystallinity with higher pressures. This is further supported by an increased frequency of 14-coordinated clusters in the coordination number distribution. These findings highlight the impact of pressure on the structural ordering of metallic glass and offer insights into its behavior at different length scales.

An Improved Method for Measuring the Distribution of Water Droplets in Crude Oil Based on the Optical Microscopy Technique

The distribution of water droplets in crude oil is one of the key issues involved in the processes of oil extraction and transportation, and these water droplets might also be habitats for microorganisms in oil reservoirs. However, it is still a challenge to observe and measure the distribution of water droplets in crude oil quickly and directly. In this work, an improved method based on the optical microscopy technique is introduced, which is named the Plate Pressing (PP) method and can observe and determine the distribution of water droplets in crude oil directly. The reliability of this method was verified by comparing the results with those of a computed tomography (CT) scan, indicating that the PP method can measure the distribution of water droplets accurately. Meanwhile, the total number and size distribution of water droplets in three crude oil samples from different oilfields were obtained by the PP method, which consolidated the idea that the PP method is capable of determining the distribution of the water droplets in crude oil directly and is suitable for the statistical analysis of water droplets in multiple samples of crude oil.